scholarly journals A Simple and Energy-Efficient Flooding Scheme for Wireless Routing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Satoshi Yamazaki ◽  
Yu Abiko ◽  
Hideki Mizuno
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Node Density ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Route Request ◽  
Conventional Scheme ◽  
Replacement Time

In many wireless networks, such as ad hoc, sensor, and delay-tolerant networks, the destination node is determined from the source node by the flooding process. Flooding efficiency is important for nodes, because they are driven by limited batteries. In this paper, we propose a simple flooding scheme to transmit a route request (RREQ) message based on the remaining power of its own node without using control packets and complex calculations. We applied the proposed scheme to ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol as an example and carried out computer simulations (ns3). The results showed that the proposed scheme was superior to conventional schemes in static and mobile scenarios. First, we showed the limit of node density that causes the decrease of throughput in the proposed scheme and that the proposed scheme was superior in terms of energy efficiency (bits/J), including throughput and energy consumption. Next, as the number of flooding times is made uniform in the proposed scheme, all nodes will have almost the same battery replacement time. As a result, when the nodes are static, the lifetime in the proposed scheme is longer than that in the conventional scheme.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals An efficient broadcasting routing protocol WAODV in mobile ad hoc networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5189
Author(s):  
M. Chekhar ◽  
K. Zine-Dine ◽  
M. Bakhouya ◽  
A. Aaroud ◽  
J. Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Adaptive Protocol ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Route Request

Information broadcasting in wireless network is a necessary building block for cooperative operations. However, the broadcasting causes increases the routing overhead. This paper brings together an array of tools of our adaptive protocol for information broadcasting in MANETs. The proposed protocol in this paper named WAODV (WAIT-AODV). This new adaptive routing discovery protocol for MANETs, lets in nodes to pick out a fantastic motion: both to retransmit receiving request route request (RREQ) messages, to discard, or to wait earlier than making any decision, which dynamically confgures the routing discovery feature to decide a gorgeous motion through the usage of neighbors’ knowledge. Simulations have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the using of techniques adaptive protocol for information broadcasting RREQ packet when integrated into ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocols for MANET (which is based on simple flooding).

scholarly journals Simulation Based Performance Evaluation of AOMDV Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using NS2: تقييم أداء بروتوكول التوجيه (AOMDV) اعتمادا" على المحاكاة عبر الشبكات الخاصة المتنقلة باستخدام NS2

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanadi Yahya Darwisho
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Node Density ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Path Distance ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

    Due to the increased use of mobile devices with the high demand for applications such as CBR: Constant bit rate، most companies have tended to pay attention to Mobile Ad hoc Networks and search for solutions to the problems and obstacles encountered. The routing process of this type of networks was one of the solutions addressed: multi-path routing، which is used with on-demand protocols and the aim of this is to obtain efficient and fast retrieval of routes that failed in dynamic mobile networks because mobile nodes can randomly join or leave to/from the topology that may increase/decrease the node density and frequent link failures in the topology. As a result node density، traffic and transmission range effects the performance of the network.  In this paper، a proposed multi-path routing protocol is AOMDV ad hoc on demand multi path distance vector routing protocol، which is the expansion of the AODV single path ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol.Therefore، In this paper، we has been studied AOMDV routing protocol which is a multipath routing protocol on the basis of Throughput، Delay، Packet-Loss and Jitter and evaluated the performance by varying pause time and varying maximum speed of the moving nodes and for 5،10،50 nodes.    

scholarly journals Hybrid Mobile Ad-Hoc Delay Tolerant Network for Optimum Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1303-1308
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Transmission ◽  
Delay Tolerant Network ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
Aodv Routing Protocol

Due to some misbehaving nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), data is lost or false data is delivered. In order to detect and re-configure the path from the source to terminal, Ad-Hoc On- Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol is used. In existing method the black holes are generated due to the Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. Hence a Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is proposed to cope up with the black holes. In this paper, it is proposed to operate by forming hybrid network with MANET and DTN as MADT Network is to deliver the correct data with increased bit rate and low delay. The proposed Hybrid MADT network has been verified and the results show that the throughput of the proposed network is increased by 0.7%, the packet transmission rate is enhanced by 7% and the end-to-end delay is reduced by 4%

scholarly journals Black Hole Attack in Mobile Ad Hoc Network and its Avoidance

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ayid Ahmad ◽  
Ahmed Chalak Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile Ad Hoc Network is an infrastructure less wireless network where the mobile nodes leaves and joins the mobile network very frequently. The routing of the packets from source node to destination node, the routing protocol is used. On Demand Distance Vector Routing protocol is very common and implemented with Mobile Ad Hoc Network nodes to handle the operations of packet routing from by any node as a source node to destination node. In this paper prevention of black hole attack by modifying the On Demand Distance Vector routing protocol. The sequence number of 32 bit is initiated with the Route Reply and route sequence packet broadcast to determine the request reply from black hole node under the Mobile Ad Hoc Network. The sequence number and On demand Distance Vector Routing protocol are integrated with a mechanism to find the Request Reply of message containing routing information from source to destination node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Social Routing Protocols Based on the Effect of Delivery Ratio and Average Hop Count in Delay-tolerant Networks (DTN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Sujan Chandra Roy ◽  
Farhana Enam ◽  
Md. Ashraful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delay Tolerant Networks ◽  
Opportunistic Networks ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Message Transmission ◽  
Delay Tolerant

Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are part of Opportunistic networks. In the case of opportunistic networks, the joined node of a network can have zero or partial knowledge about other nodes in a network. For this reason, the evident information towards the nodes in the existing network is most difficult to collect for forwarding the message. The application of Opportunistic networks is where have a high tolerance for long delays, high error rate, etc. DTNs are also sparse dynamic Ad-hoc networks were source to destination path does not present all-time for successfully message transmission. As DTN has no end-to-end path for message transmission source to destination node so, the routing design is so sophisticated. The social-based routing protocol is developed to improve the routing mechanism by focusing on social behavior and the interaction with the nodes of a network. Consequently, the performance analysis of existing several DTN routing protocols represents a significant role in designing or developing a new routing protocol for a specific scenario. This article investigates the execution of ordinary routing protocols of DTNs such as Epidemic, Binary Spray and Wait (BSNW), including two social-based routing protocols such as Scorp and dLife using Opportunistic Network Environment (ONE) simulator. The performance of these routing protocols is measured based on delivery ratio and average hop count with inevitable simulation settings. From the simulation result, it is condensed that for higher delivery ratio, BSNW is best, and for average hop count, dLife is the best routing protocol.  

A Survey Study on Attacks in MANET Ad-Hoc Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 387
Author(s):  
. Harpal ◽  
Gaurav Tejpal ◽  
Sonal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Short Article ◽  
The People ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Real World Problems

In this time of instant units, Mobile Ad-hoc Network(MANET) has become an indivisible part for transmission for mobile devices. Therefore, curiosity about study of Mobile Ad-hoc Network has been growing because last several years. In this report we have mentioned some simple routing protocols in MANET like Destination Sequenced Distance Vector, Active Source Redirecting, Temporally-Ordered Redirecting Algorithm and Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. Protection is just a serious problem in MANETs because they are infrastructure-less and autonomous. Principal target of writing this report is to handle some simple problems and security considerations in MANET, operation of wormhole strike and acquiring the well-known routing protocol Ad-hoc On Need Distance Vector. This short article will be a great help for the people performing study on real world problems in MANET security.

GreeAODV: An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thar Baker ◽  
Jose M. García-Campos ◽  
Daniel Gutiérrez Reina ◽  
Sergio Toral ◽  
Hissam Tawfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks
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