Behavioral and Genetic Factors Associated with Successful Long-Term Cessation in Persons with HIV Who Smoke Cigarettes

Background. Persons with HIV (PWH) smoke cigarettes at much higher rates than the general population in the US, and smoking is now the leading cause of death in US PWH. Efforts to control the tobacco use epidemic in PWH have met with limited success, and the factors associated with successful cessation are not well delineated. There is a particular dearth of knowledge regarding PWH ex-smokers who have successfully quit smoking cigarettes for the long term. Methods. We pooled data from three separate sources of PWH smokers and ex-smokers (reporting complete abstinence for ≥ one year with biochemical verification at the time of data collection) from New York City, collected sociodemographic and behavioral information from them in structured interviews, and obtained their DNA samples. Univariate and rigorous multivariate analytic strategies were employed to determine the sociobehavioral and genetic factors that distinguished PWH smokers from ex-smokers. Results. We compared 142 current/recent smokers to 52 biochemically confirmed ex-smokers. The mean age of the participants was 53.3 ± 9.9 years, 49.5% were female, and 76.3% were Black/African American. Successful quitters had significantly lower anxiety scores and were less likely to report hazardous alcohol use or to use marijuana or cocaine. On multivariate analysis utilizing a conservative analytic approach, of 156 single nucleotide variants (SNV) within 12 a priori candidate genes, only the 37148248 T->C variant of gene SLC25A21 on chromosome 14 was associated with long-term cessation. Conclusions. In this study, we report behavioral variables associated with long-term abstinence in PWH ex-smokers, and we also report the first genetic correlation of successful cessation in a PWH population yet described.

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Contrasting Perspectives Regarding Climate Risks and Adaptation Strategies in the New York Metropolitan Area after Superstorm Sandy

Journal of Extreme Events ◽

10.1142/s2345737614500055 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 1450005 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephanie Miller ◽

Griffin Kidd ◽

Franco Montalto ◽

Patrick Gurian ◽

Cortney Worrall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

New York ◽

Adaptation Strategies ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Strong Impact ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Superstorm Sandy ◽

Climate Risks ◽

York Metropolitan Area

The purpose of this study was to examine stakeholder perceptions of climate change and local adaptation strategies in the New York City area. A side-by-side comparison of expert and resident opinions provided a clear picture of the region's climate change attitude in the year following Superstorm Sandy. Semi-structured interviews with regional environmental experts provided material for a structured survey, which was then distributed to 100 experts and 250 residents in coastal NY and northern NJ counties. In the survey both stakeholder groups were asked to choose the top three climate threats to the NYC region and rate adaptation and mitigation strategies on a 1–5 Likert scale regarding their ability to protect the region and their cost-effectiveness. Results show that experts and residents agree that sea level rise, coastal flooding and storm surge, and an increased frequency and intensity of extreme events pose the greatest threats to NYC over the next 25 years. While both groups showed a preference for long-term planning over immediate action, experts and residents could not agree on which specific strategies would best serve the region. The aftermath of Superstorm Sandy had a strong impact on both the expert and resident opinions and efforts to monitor stakeholder opinions continue.

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Factors associated with hazardous alcohol use and motivation to reduce drinking among HIV primary care patients: Baseline findings from the Health & Motivation study

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

pp. 110-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Michael J. Silverberg ◽

Wendy A. Leyden ◽

Amy Leibowitz ◽

C. Bradley Hare ◽

Hannah J. Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Health Motivation ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Hiv Primary Care ◽

Primary Care Patients

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A Qualitative Study to Identify Perceptual Barriers to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Uptake and Adherence in HIV Positive People from UK Black African and Caribbean Communities

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-019-02670-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (9) ◽

pp. 2514-2521

Author(s):

Elizabeth Glendinning ◽

◽

Johanna Spiers ◽

Jonathan A. Smith ◽

Jane Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Framework Analysis ◽

Black African ◽

Black Caribbean ◽

Feeling Overwhelmed

Abstract To inform the development of interventions to increase uptake and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), we explored perceptions of ART in semi-structured interviews with 52 men and women from UK black African and black Caribbean communities. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis. Perceptions of ART could be grouped into two categories: doubts about the personal necessity for ART and concerns about potential adverse effects. Doubts about necessity stemmed from feeling well, doubts about the efficacy of ART, religious beliefs and the belief that treatment was futile because it could not cure HIV. Concerns about adverse effects included the fear that attending HIV services and taking treatment would lead to disclosure of HIV, feeling overwhelmed at the prospect of starting treatment soon after diagnosis, fears about side effects and potential long-term effects, and physical repulsion. The findings will facilitate the development of interventions to increase uptake and adherence to ART.

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Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03887.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 193 (4) ◽

pp. 248-248

Author(s):

Louise M Nash ◽

Michele G Daly ◽

Patrick J Kelly ◽

Elizabeth H Van Ekert ◽

Garry Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hazardous Alcohol

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Prevalence and Characteristics of Ever Regular Use of Non-combustible Nicotine for One-year or More: A Population Survey in England

10.21203/rs.3.rs-446598/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sharon Cox ◽

Jamie Brown ◽

Loren Kock ◽

Lion Shahab

Keyword(s):

Smoking Status ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Product Use ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Never Smokers ◽

One Year

Abstract Introduction: Up-to-date monitoring of non-combustible nicotine products (NNP) is important to assess their impact. To date, there is little evidence on the association between long-term regular use (defined here as one-year or more) of NNP and current smoking status. Aims/methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence, and sociodemographic, alcohol and smoking status correlates, of ever regular use of NNP in England in 2020.A cross sectional survey of adults in England between February and June 2020. Results: 8,486 adults were surveyed, 94.9% (8,055) were complete cases. The weighted prevalence of ever regular NNP use was 5.4% (n=436; 95%CI 5.0-6.0), of which 82% (n=360; 95%CI 78.7-85.8) was single, and 18% (n=79; 95%CI 14.8-22) multiple product use. Amongst ever regular NNP users, the prevalence of ever regular nicotine replacement therapies (NRT), e-cigarette and heated tobacco product use was 64.7% (95% CI 60.1-69), 43.4% (95%CI 38.8-48) and 2.5% (95% CI 1.4-4.5), respectively. In regression analysis, ever regular NNP use was independently associated with smoking status, being significantly higher among current (22.3%; Adjusted OR (aOR) 34.9, 95%CI 24.0-50.8) and ex-smokers (12.7%, aOR 19.8, 95%CI 11.1-14.4) than among never smokers (0.6%). More advantaged occupational grade (aOR, 1.27 95% CI 1.02-1.57) and at least hazardous alcohol use (aOR, 1.38 95%CI 1.06-1.78) were independently associated with greater prevalence of ever regular NNP use.Conclusions: Ever regularly using NNP was highest among smokers and ex-smokers and rare among never smokers. Among people who have ever regularly used NNP, NRT is the most popular.

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Isoniazid preventive therapy use among adult people living with HIV in Zimbabwe

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/09564624211014404 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095646242110144

Author(s):

Mayuko Takamiya ◽

Kudawashe Takarinda ◽

Shrish Balachandra ◽

Musuka Godfrey ◽

Elizabeth Radin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Scale Up ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽

Hiv Care ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Living With Hiv

We assessed the prevalence of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) uptake and explored factors associated with IPT non-uptake among people living with HIV (PLHIV) using nationally representative data from the Zimbabwe Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (ZIMPHIA) 2015–2016. This was a cross-sectional study of 3418 PLHIV ZIMPHIA participants eligible for IPT, aged ≥15 years and in HIV care. Logistic regression modeling was performed to assess factors associated with self-reported IPT uptake. All analyses accounted for multistage survey design. IPT uptake among PLHIV was 12.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 11.4–14.1). After adjusting for sex, age, rural/urban residence, TB screening at the last clinic visit, and hazardous alcohol use, rural residence was the strongest factor associated with IPT non-uptake (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.39, 95% CI: 1.82–3.12). Isoniazid preventive therapy non-uptake having significant associations with no TB screening at the last HIV care (aOR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.54–2.78) and with hazardous alcohol use only in urban areas (aOR: 10.74, 95% CI: 3.60–32.0) might suggest suboptimal IPT eligibility screening regardless of residence, but more so in rural areas. Self-reported IPT use among PLHIV in Zimbabwe was low, 2 years after beginning national scale-up. This shows the importance of good TB screening procedures for successful IPT implementation.

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Factors associated with psychiatric morbidity and hazardous alcohol use in Australian doctors

The Medical Journal of Australia ◽

10.5694/j.1326-5377.2010.tb03837.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 193 (3) ◽

pp. 161-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Louise M Nash ◽

Michele G Daly ◽

Patrick J Kelly ◽

Elizabeth H Van Ekert ◽

Garry Walter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hazardous Alcohol

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hazardous Alcohol Use Among Persons Living with HIV Across the US in the Current Era of Antiretroviral Treatment

AIDS and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s10461-017-1740-7 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 1914-1925 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Heidi M. Crane ◽

Mary E. McCaul ◽

Geetanjali Chander ◽

Heidi Hutton ◽

Robin M. Nance ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Antiretroviral Treatment ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

The Us ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

Living With Hiv

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Market Agents' Social Representations of SRI

Corporate Social Responsibility and Opportunities for Sustainable Financial Success - Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7619-8.ch007 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 240-261

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Social Representations ◽

Expert Interviews ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Body Of Knowledge ◽

Fiduciary Responsibility ◽

Future Potential ◽

The Common

In August 2008, exploratory expert interviews were conducted with 94 financial investors and executives of the New York financial community on their perception of SRI. The semi-structured interviews featuring open-ended questions and collected free associations on SRI. The categorization of the contents sheds light on investors' and fiduciaries' interpretation of SRI. A core-and-periphery analysis depicted the main and emerging contents of the common body of knowledge on SRI. Investors and financial fiduciaries are ambiguous about SRI. While they attribute profitability, long-term perspectives, and innovative future potential with SRI, the majority of respondents also revealed knowledge deficiencies regarding the disparate branches of SRI. At the same time, SRI evoked efficiency considerations, fiduciary responsibility predicaments, and associations about losses of degrees of freedom. SRI is seen as a market-dependent and volatile niche market option. Future improvements for SRI must raise SRI's effectiveness in addressing social deficiencies and create a higher degree of accountability.

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