scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Mixed Reality Configuration of a Simulator for a Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Using the Workspace of a Haptic Device and Simulator Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sneha Patel ◽  
Sami Alkadri ◽  
Mark Driscoll
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Workspace Analysis ◽  
User Data ◽  
Minimally Invasive Spine ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Bench Model

Most surgical simulators leverage virtual or bench models to simulate reality. This study proposes and validates a method for workspace configuration of a surgical simulator which utilizes a haptic device for interaction with a virtual model and a bench model to provide additional tactile feedback based on planned surgical manoeuvers. Numerical analyses were completed to determine the workspace and position of a haptic device, relative to the bench model, used in the surgical simulator, and the determined configuration was validated using device limitations and user data from surgical and nonsurgical users. For the validation, surgeons performed an identical surgery on a cadaver prior to using the simulator, and their trajectories were then compared to the determined workspace for the haptic device. The configuration of the simulator was determined appropriate through workspace analysis and the collected user trajectories. Statistical analyses suggest differences in trajectories between the participating surgeons which were not affected by the imposed haptic workspace. This study, therefore, demonstrates a method to optimally position a haptic device with respect to a bench model while meeting the manoeuverability needs of a surgical procedure. The validation method identified workspace position and user trajectory towards ideal configuration of a mixed reality simulator.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Fidelity, 3D Printed Otoplasty Surgical Simulator

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsey Wallace, M.S. ◽  
Zahra Nourmohammadi, Ph.D. ◽  
David A. Zopf, M.D., M.S.
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Simulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Protruding Ears ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Ear Cartilage

Background and Hypothesis: Protruding ears, also known as prominauris, are prevalent worldwide at an occurrence rate of about 5%. Children with prominauris report lower self-esteem and experience increased teasing and social isolation at school. From a functional standpoint, protruding ears can make wearing prescription glasses difficult. This increased stress and anxiety and impaired functionality lead children and families to seek treatment. One of the most effective treatments for protruding ears is otoplasty. This procedure involves an incision in the back of the ear and the placement of non-resorbable sutures to reform the ear. Alternatively, the procedure can be performed using an incisionless technique. As this is an elective procedure done commonly in children, adequate education of medical trainees is critical to ensure the proper level of skill is attained and patient satisfaction is maximized. Currently, teaching otoplasty is done with cadavers and supervised procedures with an attending. Surgical simulators are employed in the instruction of a variety of surgical procedures and allow residents to practice in a zero-risk environment. In addition, 3D printing has facilitated the development of surgical simulators allowing for a more cost-effective, consistent, and anatomically correct simulator. We developed an ear model made from silicone for trainees to practice traditional and incisionless otoplasty. Project Methods: The otoplasty surgical simulator was developed by isolating an ear from a computed-tomography scan in the Materialise software to create a 3D model. This model was then altered to create a negative mold. The mold was printed using fusion deposition printing with 1.75 MM polylactic acid filament. After printing, the mold was filled with Dragon Skin Silicone Shore 20 to simulate ear cartilage. The model was then coated in a layer of Dragon Skin Silicone Shore 10 to simulate a layer of skin. Conclusion and Potential Impact: This otoplasty simulator will next be validated by expert surgeons and then used in a surgical simulation workshop for surgical trainees. Because of the low-cost of the surgical simulator and the ease of manufacturing, this simulator can also be used to train surgeons abroad where access to surgical training may not be readily available. 

scholarly journals AN AMPUTATION SIMULATOR WITH BONE SAWING HAPTIC INTERACTION

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING-SHIUM HSIEH ◽  
MING-DAR TSAI ◽  
YI-DER YEH
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Haptic Interaction ◽  
Sawing Force ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Amputation Surgery ◽  
Ct Slices

This paper describes a haptic device equipped surgical simulator that provides visual and haptic responses for amputation surgery. This simulator, based on our reported volume (constituted from CT slices) manipulation algorithms, can compute and demonstrate bone changes for the procedures in various orthopedic surgeries. The system is equipped with a haptic device. The position and attitude the haptic device are transformed into the volume to simulate and render the oscillating virtual saw together with the virtual bones. The system then judges if every saw tooth immersing in (cutting) any bone. The load for removing the bone chip on a cutting tooth is calculated according to the feed rate, oscillating speed, saw geometry and bone type. The loads on all the saw teeth are then summed into the three positional forces that the haptic device generates and thus the user feels. The system provides real-time visual and haptic refresh speeds for the sawing procedures. A simulation example of amputation surgery demonstrates the sawing haptic and visual feelings of the sawing procedure are consistent and the simulated sawing force resembles the real force. Therefore, this prototype simulator demonstrates the effectiveness as a surgical simulator to rehearsal the surgical procedures, confirm surgical plains and train interns and students.

Virtual Reality in Orthopedic Surgeons Training

2015 ◽  
Vol 638 ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Popescu ◽  
Robert Iacob ◽  
Dan Laptoiu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Haptic Device ◽  
General Context ◽  
Good Correspondence ◽  
Virtual Training ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Immersion Experience ◽  
High Level

Nowadays the use of Virtual Reality (VR) based surgical simulators or training environments is becoming more and more spread in the medical world. These are usually dedicated to the development and improvement of novice trainees’ skills by helping them to learn different surgical techniques, to use proper instrumentation or to practice surgical protocols, but also in the training of expert surgeons for conserving their skills, for planning or rehearsing new, complicated or rare procedures. In this general context of interest, our paper aims at answering the following questions: What are the main requirements for a haptic device in order to be successfully used in the virtual training of orthopedic surgeons? What requirements are mandatory to be included in an orthopedic surgery haptic-based training application for providing a realistic user’s experience? These are legitimate questions considering that surgical education can really benefit the advantages offered by such virtual simulators only if they can satisfy a list of requirements among which high level of immersion and interactivity, realistic 3D virtual models and constraints of anatomical structures, good correspondence between real and simulated cases (i.e. a natural ‘behavior’ and ‘feeling’ of simulated anatomy). The focus of the literature review presented in this paper will be on orthopedic VR simulators for drilling, sawing and fixing implants screws, pins and plates, with an emphasize on devices’ characteristics and applications features. This study enrolls in the trend of improving user’s immersion experience at a cost as low as possible, representing the basis on which an innovative and affordable haptic device and an application for training basic orthopedic surgical skills are proposed for development in further research.

A Parallel Actuated Haptic Device for De-localized Tactile Feedback in Prosthetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Daniele Leonardis ◽  
Leonardo Cappello ◽  
Christian Cipriani ◽  
Antonio Frisoli
Keyword(s):  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Haptic Device

Fuzzy Set Theory for Performance Evaluation in a Surgical Simulator

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ima Hajshirmohammadi ◽  
Shahram Payandeh
Keyword(s):  
Set Theory ◽  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Fuzzy Set Theory ◽  
User Study ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Surgical Simulator ◽  
Surgical Simulators ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Fuzzy Classifiers

Increasing interest in computer-based surgical simulators as time- and cost-efficient training tools has introduced a new problem: objective evaluation of surgical performance based on scoring metrics provided by surgical simulators. This project employed fuzzy set theory to design a classifier for performance of a subject training on a surgical simulator, using three categories: novice, intermediate, and expert. The MIST-VR simulator was used in a user study of 26 subjects with three different surgical skill levels: 8 experienced laparoscopic surgeons (experts), 8 surgical assistants (intermediates), and 10 nurses (novices). Subjects were required to perform four trials of a suturing task and a knot-tying task on the simulator. The performance data were then used to train and test two fuzzy classifiers for each task. The fuzzy classifier was able to classify the users of the system. The models presented a highly nonlinear relationship between the inputs (performance metrics) and output (fuzzy score) of the system, which may not be effectively captured with classical classification approaches. Fuzzy classifiers, however, can offer effective tools to handle the complexity and fuzziness of objective evaluation of surgical performances.

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