Plantain-Tree Rubber Intercropping Systems Improved Productivity in the Tropical Humid Zone of Ghana, West Africa

A three-year field trial was conducted between 2014 and 2017 in the Ellembelle and Jomoro districts of the Western region of Ghana where rubber production is common to determine the optimum population density of plantain when grown in combination with immature rubber tree crops. The trials were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments were sole rubber, sole plantain, and three intercrops of one row of plantain in between two rows of rubber, two rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber, and three rows of plantain in between two rows of rubber. The rubber clone used was GT1 while the variety of plantain used was false horn. The results showed that population density of plantain had significant effect on the growth of the associated rubber. Growing plantain at closer spacing of 1.5 m under the high-density plantain treatment significantly increased plantain yield compared to the other cropping systems. There was a significant positive relationship between population density of plantain and the rubber tree growth and development. The optimum population density of plantain when intercropped with rubber was 1,666/ha. The study showed intercropping was advantageous over sole cropping for both crops.

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MAIZE–SOYBEAN INTERCROPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF CEREAL–LEGUME CROPPING SYSTEMS IN NORTHERN NIGERIA

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479717000564 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 73-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ALPHA Y. KAMARA ◽

ABDULLAHI I. TOFA ◽

TEMITOPE ADEMULEGUN ◽

REUBEN SOLOMON ◽

HAULATU SHEHU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Studies ◽

Northern Nigeria ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Northern Guinea Savanna ◽

Monetary Value ◽

Guinea Savanna ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sole Cropping

SUMMARYField studies were conducted during the 2014 and 2015 wet seasons at Zaria in the northern Guinea savanna and at Iburu in the southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria to determine the productivity of maize–soybean intercropping system. There were four treatment combinations in the experiment: sole maize; sole soybean; maize spaced at 50 cm and intercropped with soybean; and maize spaced at 65 cm and intercropped with soybean. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that sole cropped maize and soybean generally outperformed the intercropped component crops. Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) was greater than 1 for all the intercrop treatments, indicating that it is advantageous to grow maize and soybean in association than in pure stands. Except for 2014 in Zaria, LER for intercropped maize spaced at 50 cm was higher than that for maize spaced at 65 cm. Gross Monetary Value (GMV) was generally higher for intercrops than sole crops except in Iburu in 2015 where GMV for intercropped maize spaced at 65 cm was similar to those of sole maize and soybean. Monetary Advantage Index (MAI) was positive for all intercrop treatments in both locations and years, which shows definite yield and economic advantages compared to the sole cropping systems. This suggests that farmers can intercrop soybean and maize with maize spaced at 50 cm and 65 cm.

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Effects of plant density and proportion on the interaction between wheat with alexandergrass plants

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052011000100007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leonardo Bianco de Carvalho ◽

Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽

José Valcir Fidelis Martins

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Plant Density ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Mixture Experiment ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Production Characteristics

Determination of competitive relationships among plant species requires appropriate experimental designs and method of analysis. The hypothesis of this research was that two species growing in coexistence show different growth and development due to their relative competitiveness. This research aims to measure the relative competitiveness of wheat crop compared to Alexandergrass by the interpretation of plant density and proportional effects using replacement series experiments. Monocultures were cultivated in densities of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 plants per pot and analyzed by regression of dry mass data. Mixture experiment was cultivated in wheat:Alexandergrass proportions of 0:6, 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2, 5:1 and 6:0 plants per pot and analyzed by graphical interpretation of growth and production characteristics. Both experiments were carried out in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Alexandergrass was more sensitive to intraspecific competition than wheat. Alexandergrass was lightly more competitive than wheat. Number and weight of spikes and number of tillers were the wheat characteristics more affected by Alexandergrass interference.

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Tiller density and tillering on Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu pastures inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 1039-1046 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

B.C. Pedreira ◽

P.L. Barbosa ◽

L.E.T. Pereira ◽

M.A. Mombach ◽

L.F. Domiciano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Experimental Period ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Appearance Rate ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Opposite Behavior ◽

Grass Sward ◽

Tiller Density

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to verify the population density and the dynamics of tillering in the Marandu palisade grass sward subjected to nitrogen (N) fertilization strategies, characterized by the N supply via urea or bacterial inoculant (Azospirillum brasilense). The treatments comprised of four nitrogen fertilization strategies: (A) Without fertilization, (B) 80 kg N/ha, (C) inoculant (A. brasilense), and (D) 80 kg N/ha + inoculant, distributed in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The nitrogen supply strategies were evaluated during six periods: October, November, and December (2012) as well as January, March, and April (2013). The nitrogen dose or inoculant had no effect on the tiller appearance rate (TAR), tiller mortality rate (TMR), tiller survival rate (TSR), or tiller population density (TPD). However, these variables were influenced by the season. The TAR and TSR were higher at the beginning of the experimental period (October) and lower towards the end of the period (March-April), whereas, TMR and TPD exhibited the opposite behavior, with lower values in October and higher from January onward. Neither the nitrogen nor the inoculant influenced the population dynamics of the tillers in Marandu palisade grass.

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Competition Indices of Safflower and Faba Bean Intercrops as Affected by Fertilizers

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb11110340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 130-137

Author(s):

Mahmoodreza SAEIDI ◽

Yaghoub RAEI ◽

Rouhollah AMINI ◽

Akbar TAGHIZADEH ◽

Bahman PASBAN-ESLAM ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Yield Components ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Cropping System ◽

Productivity Index ◽

Crop Species ◽

System Productivity ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Sole Cropping

Cropping systems of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under different fertility were compared with sole cropping of each crop during 2015 and 2016 at the Research Farm of Tabriz University in Iran. The treatments were cropping systems (safflower and faba bean sole croppings, intercropping systems of safflower and faba bean with ratios of 1:1 and 2:1), and nutrient levels (100% chemical fertilizers, 60%, 30% chemical + biofertilizers and no fertilizer). A factorial set of treatments based on a randomized complete block design replicated three times was used. Cropping system and fertility effects were significant for yield and yield components of each crop. Yield and yield components were increased with the integrated use of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers for both years, while seed yield was reduced by intercropping. Maximum land equivalent ratio (LER), relative value total (RVT), system productivity index (SPI) and monetary advantage index (MAI) were achieved in nutritive level of 60% chemical plus biofertilizers as intercropped plants in ratio of 1:1 for both years. The total actual yield loss (AYL) values were positive and greater than zero in all mixtures, indicating an advantage from intercropping over sole crops. Intercropped safflower had a higher relative crowding coefficient (RCC) than intercropped faba bean, indicating that safflower was more competitive than faba bean in intercropping systems. From this study, it is inferred that intercropping (safflower and faba bean) with integrated use of the reduced chemical and biofertilizers may give better overall yield and income than sole cropping of each crop species.

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Effects of Nutrient and Growth Regulator Treatments on the Growth and Development of Marigolds

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.679d ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 679d-679

Author(s):

Arvazena E. Clardy ◽

Stephen Garton

Keyword(s):

Growth Regulator ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Block Design ◽

Root Systems ◽

Tagetes Erecta ◽

Flower Bud ◽

Bud Formation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Flower Bud Formation ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Two cultivars of Tagetes erecta Marigolds—Hero Yellow and Safari Tangerine—were grown hydroponically in two different nutrient solutions. The experiment was implemented in the greenhouses on the campus of Alabama A&M Univ., from March to May 1995. The experiment was to assess the effects of growth and development of Marigolds. Heights of seedlings, germinated in grodan (rockwool) cubes were measured and placed randomly in the hydroponic units. Plants were drenched with five rates of either Paclobutrazol (Bonzi) and Uniconazole (Sumagic). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with either three or four replications of the treatment, which were factorial combinations of variables. After 75 days measurements were made of plants heights, flower bud numbers and dry weights of shoot and root systems. Shoot dry weights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety, nutrient treatments and a combination of variety and nutrient treatments. Root dry weights were affected by nutrient treatments. Flower bud formation and numbers were affected by the combination of nutrient and variety. Heights were affected by growth regulator treatments, variety and nutrient treatments.

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Produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3690 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

A. K. Oliveira ◽

J. S. S. Lima ◽

A. M. A. Bezerra ◽

G. S. O. Rodrigues ◽

M. L. S. Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Promising Practice ◽

Commercial Yield

Sistemas de cultivo com incorporação de adubos verdes podem preservar a capacidade produtiva do solo em longo prazo, oferecendo resíduos que proporcionarão melhorias nas condições físicas, química e biológica do solo tornando-o propício para a implantação de uma cultura sucedente. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram o efeito residual de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-¹ em base seca). As características avaliadas na cultura do rabanete foram: altura e diâmetro de plantas, número de folhas, produtividade total e comercial de raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. O efeito residual da incorporação de flor-de-seda ao solo na quantidade de 55 t ha-¹ proporcionou a maior produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete, e assim podemos afirmar que a adubação verde com flor-de-seda apresenta-se como uma prática promissora para o produtor de hortaliças em cultivo sucessivo.Radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugulaAbstract: Cropping systems in with incorporation of green manures can preserve the productive capacity of the soil over time providing waste to the soil improvement in the conditions physical, chemical and biological, making it suitable for the implementation of a succeeding crop. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments were the residual effect of four amounts of fleur-de-silk incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-¹ dry basis). The characteristics evaluated in the radish production were: plant height, diameter, total and commercial yield of roots, dry weight of shoots and roots. The residual effect of the fleur-de-silk incorporation into the soil in the amount of 55 t ha-¹ provided the highest yield of commercial radish roots. The green manure with fleur-de-silk was presented as a promising practice for the producer of vegetables in succeeding crop.

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Weed infestations in soybean grown in succession to cropping systems with sorghum and cover plants

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.01640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Author(s):

Joilson Sodré Filho ◽

Ricardo Carmona ◽

Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽

Arminda Moreira de Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Species ◽

Importance Value ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Weed Diversity ◽

Weed Infestation ◽

Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sorghum and cover plant cropping systems before soybean cultivation on the occurrence of weeds during soybean growing in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The treatments comprised six cropping systems before soybean: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), and Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) as cover plants, alone or intercropped, in addition to fallowing. Weeds were evaluated as to: density, dry matter mass, diversity, importance value, and similarity. The greatest similarity of weeds ocurred in single crops of sorghum, palisade grass, and Congo grass, in comparison with their intercroppings. Congo grass before soybean promoted a greater reduction in weed diversity overtime, when compared with palisade grass. The absence of cover crops before soybean cultivation increased weed infestation during the soybean cycle. The cropping systems with sorghum intercropped with cover crops before the soybean cultivation affect the diversity and the importance value of weed species.

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Performance of green gram - sesame mixed croppingin the red and lateritic zone of West Bengal

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/asd.v0iof.7466 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Golam Moinuddin

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Green Gram ◽

Lateritic Soil ◽

Research Station ◽

Mixed Cropping ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Branch Plant

A field experiment was carried out in the red and lateritic soil of Regional Research Station, Jhargram, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya,West Bengal during the prekharif season of 2015 to evaluate the technological feasibility of mixed cropping of green gram with sesame under different seeding ratio. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments comprises for the experiment were T1-sole green gram, T2-sole sesame, T3-green gram: sesame -90:10, T4- green gram : sesame-75 : 25, T5- green gram : sesame-60 : 40 , T6 –green gram : sesame-50 : 50. Yield parameters like number branch/plant, number of pod/ plant, number of capsule/plant, pod length, number of grain per pod/capsule, grain weight etc. were studied. The highest grain yield for both crop was obtained from the sole cropping of green gram and sole sesame. The maximum land equivalent ratio(LER) of 1.18 was observed at green gram : sesame seeding ratio of 60 : 40.The highest green gram equivalent yield( 9.49 q/ha) was obtained from green gram : sesame seeding ratio of 60 : 40 . It was noticed that in all the mixed cropping systems, there was higher LER which indicates higher yield advantage over the sole crop.

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Optimum plant population for maize-bean intercropping system in the Brazilian semi-arid region

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162008000500005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 474-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Luiz Balbino Morgado ◽

Robert William Willey

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Plant Population ◽

Maize Plant ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Sole Cropping ◽

Ideal Number ◽

Semi Arid Region

Establishment of the ideal number of plant is a crucial point for obtaining maximum profits while cropping different species together. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of different plant populations of maize and beans, at two nitrogen levels, on the performance of the component crops. Two maize (20,000 and 40,000 plants ha¹) and three bean (30,000; 60,000 and 90,000 plants ha¹) populations were tested in a randomized complete block design with tree replicates. Grain yields of maize and beans were affected by intercropping and the effect was more detrimental to the legume mainly at the highest maize plant population. The application of nitrogen fertilizer to maize rows mitigated intercropping effect on maize at higher population (40,000 plants ha¹) and, at lower maize plant population (20,000 plants ha¹), benefited the associated beans by increasing grain yields. Land Equivalent Ratio values for grain yields of maize and beans showed that intercropping compared to sole cropping is advantageous and best indices were obtained at a bean plant population of 60,000 plants ha¹.

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Evaluation of Vegetable Type Cowpea Varieties for Commercial Production in the River Basin and Low Hill Areas

Nepal Agriculture Research Journal ◽

10.3126/narj.v7i0.1861 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 16-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

YR Pandey ◽

AB Pun ◽

RC Mishra

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Block Design ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Western Region ◽

Pod Yield ◽

Research Journal ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Cowpea Varieties ◽

Pod Length

Five vegetable type cowpea varieties were evaluated in farmer's field with farmers participationat Chambas, Tanahu (450 masl) in two consecutive years 2003 and 2004 rainy season to identifysuitable vegetable type cowpea varieties for commercial production in the river basin and lowhill areas of western region. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design(RCBD) with 5 replications, farmer as replication. Prakash variety used as the check was earliestin flowering and days to first harvest from sowing with an average of 37 and 45 daysrespectively. Pod diameter and pod length among the varieties was significantly different. Thebiggest sized and longest pods were produced by IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) with an average of0.990 cm in diameter and 25.60 cm in length. The highest green pod yield (4.971 t/ha) wasproduced by IT 86F-2062-5 (Green). Despite the earliness in flowering, fruiting and harvesting,Prakash produced the smallest (0.668 cm) and shortest (16.21 cm) pods and ultimately thelowest yield (2.443 t/ha). IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) produced the biggest size (0.990 cm diameter)and longest (24.60 cm) green pods as compared to other varieties IT 86D-792, IT 86F-2062-5(White), IT 86D-798 and Prakash with white color, small size and fibrous pods. The results ofthe experiment and farmers preferences revealed that the variety IT 86F-2062-5 (Green) couldbe recommended for commercial production in the river basin and low hill areas of westernregion.Key words: Cowpea; green pods; river basin; variety; vegetableDOI: 10.3126/narj.v7i0.1861Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol.7 2006 pp.16-20

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