scholarly journals Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Remarkably Influences Contact Pressure and Load Distribution of Buttock in Seated Posture

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kuan Wang ◽  
Yufang Chen ◽  
Shangjun Huang ◽  
Lejun Wang ◽  
Wenxin Niu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ischial Tuberosity ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Spinal cord injury patients are prone to develop deep tissue injury (DTI) as they may spend half their time per day in sitting postures, which produce excessive load in their buttocks. However, the impact of fat thickness on the biomechanical response of buttock in sitting posture remained unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of subcutaneous fat thickness on the interface pressure and load distribution of buttock of seated humans. To achieve this goal, a 3-dimensional finite element model of male buttock was constructed and the contact pressure on a rigid cushion was evaluated against experimental results. The modified models, which had various fat thicknesses under ischial tuberosity, were built and used to simulate the sitting conditions with different cushion stiffnesses. In the models simulating sitting on the rigid cushion, the peak contact pressure ranges from 0.052 MPa to 0.149 MPa. In the simulation of sitting on the soft cushion, the peak stress of muscle underneath ischial tuberosity in the model with the thickest fat tissue was slightly higher than that of the other models. The results demonstrate that the fat tissue in the buttock could reduce the contact pressure when sitting on the rigid seat. However, contact pressure solely could not be used to estimate the internal tissue stress of seated buttock, especially in subjects with thicker fat tissue.

Ultrasound Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Are Robust Against Hydration Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dale R. Wagner ◽  
James D. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Ultrasound is an appealing tool to assess body composition, combining the portability of a field method with the accuracy of a laboratory method. However, unlike other body composition methods, the effect of hydration status on validity is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of acute hydration changes on ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness and estimates of body fat percentage. In a crossover design, 11 adults (27.1 ± 10.5 years) completed dehydration and hyperhydration trials to alter body mass by approximately ±2%. Dehydration was achieved via humid heat (40 °C, 60% relative humidity) with exercise, whereas hyperhydration was via ingestion of lightly salted water. Ultrasound measurements were taken at 11 body sites before and after each treatment. Participants lost 1.56 ± 0.58 kg (−2.0 ± 0.6%) during the dehydration trial and gained 0.90 ± 0.21 kg (1.2 ± 0.2%) during the hyperhydration trial even after urination. The sum of fat thicknesses as measured by ultrasound differed by <0.90 mm across trials (p = .588), and ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage differed by <0.5% body fat. Ultrasound measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue were unaffected by acute changes in hydration status by extents beyond which are rare and overtly self-correcting, suggesting that this method provides reliable and robust body composition results even when subjects are not euhydrated.

Correlates of visceral and subcutaneous fat thickness in non-diabetic obese and morbidly obese patients

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozen Oz Gul ◽  
Murat Pekgoz ◽  
Sumeyye Gullulu ◽  
Soner Cander ◽  
Ahmet Tutuncu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The Use of Ultrasonic Measurements on Subcutaneous Fat Thickness in Breeding of Japanese Shorthorn Cattle

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka NAGAMINE ◽  
Takashi HAYASHI ◽  
Hiroshi SATO ◽  
Akira NISHIDA ◽  
Shigeki KOMATSU
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

Subcutaneous fat thickness at slaughter in castrated and non-castrated Santa Inês and Dorper lambs and its influence on meat and carcass quality

2021 ◽  
pp. 104694
Author(s):  
Francisco Fernandes Junior ◽  
Amanda de Freitas Pena ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natalia Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Santa Inês

scholarly journals Selection for higher body weight in Nelore cattle is effective in achieving an increase of longissimus muscle area without reducing subcutaneous fat thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1426-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Roque Pinheiro ◽  
Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante ◽  
Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque ◽  
Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha ◽  
Fábio Morato Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nelore Cattle

Thermoregulation during rest and exercise in the cold in pre- and early pubescent boys and in young men

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1589-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Smolander ◽  
O. Bar-Or ◽  
O. Korhonen ◽  
J. Ilmarinen
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Eight minimally dressed pre- and early pubescent boys (age 11–12 yr) and 11 young adult men (age 19–34 yr) rested for 20 min and exercised on a cycle ergometer for 40 min at approximately 30% of their maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) at 5 degrees C. To quantify the added increase in metabolic rate because of cold, a separate test was carried out at 21 degrees C at rest and at equal work rates as in the cold. Both groups were similar in subcutaneous fat thickness and VO2max per kilogram body weight. Rectal temperature increased slightly during the exposure to the cold, but no significant difference was observed between the boys and men. In the cold, the boys had lower skin temperatures than the adults in their extremities but not in the trunk. The boys increased their metabolic rates in the cold more than did the men. As a result, the boys maintained their core temperature as effectively as the adults. Similar age-related differences in thermoregulatory responses to cold were observed when two boys and two men with equal body sizes were compared. Our results suggest that there may be maturation-related differences in thermoregulation in the cold between children and adults.

scholarly journals Growth performance and carcass traits of young nellore bulls supplemented with or without addition of lipids

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes ◽  
Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi ◽  
Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia ◽  
Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Average Intake ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness

The aim of research was to evaluate the performance and characteristics of the carcasses of Nellore young bulls in grazing supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty–eight young bulls, 301 ± 5.8 kg in body weight, which four constituted the reference group and the twenty-four remnants were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into four groups according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total dry matter intake of the animals fed only Mombasa grass did not differ from the average intake of the three treatments supplemented with concentrate. There were no differences (P>0.05) between Mombasa grass and diets with concentrate, supplementation with or without lipid and lipids sources in the carcass traits, gastrointestinal tract, organs and loin eye area. Nellore bulls receiving concentrate increased subcutaneous fat thickness compared with bulls that received only Mombasa grass. Nellore young bulls fed Mombasa grass only, supplemented with or without addition of lipids were similar regarding growth performance and carcass traits.

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