scholarly journals Design and Numerical Analysis of a Novel Rectangular PCF (R-PCF)-Based Biochemical Sensor (BCS) in the THz Regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul ◽  
Abbas Z. Kouzani ◽  
M. A. Parvez Mahmud ◽  
Abdullah-Al Nahid
Keyword(s):  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Biochemical Sensor ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Vector Finite Element Method ◽  
Simple Arrangement ◽  
Bulk Absorption ◽  
Vector Finite Element

A novel PCF-based sensor has been presented in this paper to sense different chemicals and biocomponents. The proposed biochemical sensor (BCS) comprises a simple arrangement of rectangular holes. The competence of this BCS in detecting analytes is evaluated employing the full-vector finite element method (FEM). Performance metrics prove the competence of this BCS in sensing various analytes that have a refractive index in the range of 1.33–1.48. The proposed BCS shows ultralower values for both the bulk absorption and confinement loss. This BCS attains a maximum of about 95.82% relative sensitivity at 2.5 THz. Also, the dispersion for this sensor is only 0.12 ± 0.011 ps/THz/cm at the same point of interest. These results prove that the proposed BCS will play a key role in sensing toxic chemicals, illegal drugs, biocomponents, etc. Besides, the simple rectangle-based PCF structure ensures the feasibility of fabrication by practicing the existing fabrication strategies.

A Single-Polarization Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber with Four Lines of Small Elliptical Air-Holes

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Zheng ◽  
Chong Qing Wu ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Shan Liang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Vector Finite Element Method ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
Perfect Matched Layer ◽  
Single Polarization ◽  
Full Vector

We present a novel single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber (SPSM-PCF) design with four lines of small elliptical air-holes in order to obtain wider bandwidth for SPSM operation. The characteristics of the proposed SPSM-PCF are studied by using a full-vector finite element method (FEM) with perfect matched layer (PML) boundary conditions. At the wavelength of 1.55 µm, the confinement loss of the x-polarized mode is lower than 0.5 dB/km, whereas the loss of the y-polarized mode is larger than 50 dB/km. Compared with the case of x-polarized mode, the y-polarized mode can be suppressed in the PCF. Then, the SPSM operation is obtained. The proposed PCF can perform SPSM operation with broadband of 600 nm for considering the confinement loss ratio and the loss difference.

scholarly journals Novel Hollow Octagonal Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) based Cholesterol Sensor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Mamun Bulbul ◽  
Etu Podder ◽  
Osama S. Faragallah ◽  
Mohammed Baz ◽  
Mahmoud M. A. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Optimum Frequency ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Sensor Model ◽  
Cholesterol Detection ◽  
Standard Values

Abstract Cholesterol, also known as the pulpy fat of human body, may cause the body vulnerable to heart malady by filling blood-vessel with fatty substances. This urges a precise, simple, and effective method of cholesterol detection. Considering this, a novel hollow equilateral-octagon core PCF model has been presented as a cholesterol sensor. The sensor is modeled and simulated using finite element method (FEM). Multiple performance metrics suggests the effectiveness of the proposed sensor model. The relative sensitivity attained for the model is 92.34% at optimum frequency (OF), 3.6THz. Besides, the model shows ultra-lower confinement loss of 3.77×10− 18cm−1 at OF along with standard values for other performance metrics. In addition, the feasible implementation of the model by exercising existing fabrication strategies ensures the practicability of the proposed sensor.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Ultrasensitive Hexagonal-Cored Photonic Crystal Fiber for Hazardous Chemical Sensing

Photonics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽  
Norazanita Shamsuddin ◽  
Wei-Ru Wong ◽  
Shubi Kaijage ◽  
Feroza Begum
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Chemical Sensing ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Hazardous Chemical ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Vector Finite Element Method ◽  
Vector Finite Element

A highly sensitive non-complex cored photonic crystal fiber sensor for hazardous chemical sensing with water, ethanol, and benzene analytes has been proposed and is numerically analyzed using a full-vector finite element method. The proposed fiber consists of a hexagonal core hole and two cladding air hole rings, operating in the lower operating wavelength of 0.8 to 2.6 µm. It has been shown that the structure has high relative sensitivity of 94.47% for water, 96.32% for ethanol and 99.63% for benzene, and low confinement losses of 7.31 × 10−9 dB/m for water, 3.70 × 10−10 dB/m ethanol and 1.76 × 10−13 dB/m benzene. It also displays a high power fraction and almost flattened chromatic dispersion. The results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed fiber design for chemical sensing applications.

A Novel Photonic Crystal Fiber with Two Rings of Hybrid Elliptical Air-Holes for Single-Polarization Single-Mode Operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Hong Jun Zheng ◽  
Chong Qing Wu ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Shan Liang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Modal Birefringence ◽  
Crystal Fiber ◽  
Mode Field ◽  
Vector Finite Element Method ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
Single Polarization

A novel photonic crystal fiber (PCF) design with two rings of hybrid elliptical air-holes for single-polarization single-mode (SPSM) operation is presented. The proposed SPSM-PCF characteristics are investigated by using a full-vector finite element method (FEM) with perfect matched layer (PML) boundary conditions. The proposed SPSM-PCF can perform a single-polarization single-mode propagation. The modal birefringence of the proposed SPSM-PCF is as high as 0.00284 at the wavelength of 1.55 µm, the beat length is 0.546 mm. The confinement loss of the x-polarized mode is lower than 0.5 dB/km, whereas the loss of the y-polarized one is larger than 15 dB/km. Compared with the case of x-polarized mode, the y-polarized mode can be suppressed with a shorter fiber length. Variations of the mode field characteristics with input wavelength are given. For considering loss ratio and loss difference, the proposed PCF can perform SPSM operation with wide bandwidth of 600 nm. It indicates that this is a good solution to realize single-mode single-polarization operation.

scholarly journals Characteristic Analysis and Structural Design of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers with Band Gap Cladding Structures

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Bowei Wan ◽  
Lianqing Zhu ◽  
Xin Ma ◽  
Tianshu Li ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Photonic Crystal Fibers ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Confinement Loss ◽  
Hollow Core ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Crystal Fibers

Due to their flexible structure and excellent optical characteristics hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) are used in many fields, such as active optical devices, communications, and optical fiber sensing. In this paper, to analyze the characteristics of HC-PCFs, we carried out finite element analysis and analyzed the design for the band gap cladding structure of HC-PCFs. First, the characteristics of HC19-1550 and HC-1550-02 in the C-band were simulated. Subsequently, the structural optimization of the seven-cell HC-1550-02 and variations in characteristics of the optimized HC-1550-02 in the wavelength range 1250–1850 nm were investigated. The simulation results revealed that the optimal number of cladding layers is eight, the optimal core radius is 1.8 times the spacing of adjacent air holes, and the optimal-relative thickness of the core quartz-ring is 2.0. In addition, the low confinement loss bandwidth of the optimized structure is 225 nm. Under the transmission bandwidth of the optimized structure, the core optical power is above 98%, the confinement loss is below 9.0 × 10−3 dB/m, the variation range of the effective mode field area does not exceed 10 μm2, and the relative sensitivity is above 0.9570. The designed sensor exhibits an ultra-high relative sensitivity and almost zero confinement loss, making it highly suitable for high-sensitivity gas or liquid sensing.

The Application of Ground-airborne TEM Systems for Underground Cavity Detection in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Guo-qiang Xue ◽  
Xiu Li ◽  
Sheng-bao Yu ◽  
Wei-ying Chen ◽  
Yan-ju Ji
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Cavity Detection ◽  
Vector Finite Element Method ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Vector Finite Element ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Tem Method ◽  
Central Loop ◽  
Good Agreement

Ground-based, electrical-source, and UAV-borne receiver TEM configurations have previously been used to map mines in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, the EM responses of air-filled mine tunnels were simulated by using a three-dimensional (3D) vector finite element method. A new apparent resistivity formula has been proposed for the ground-airborne TEM configuration. In the study area, field measurements were carried out along 36 profiles for the ground-airborne TEM and 16 profiles for ground TEM. The ground-airborne TEM results were determined to be in good agreement with the ground TEM survey results using a surface central loop, and were also consistent with the known geologic conditions. The experiment was successful and showed that a ground-ground-airborne TEM method could potentially become a novel alternative for both future civilian and military applications. [Figure: see text]

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