Anatomical Evaluation of Mandibular Molars in a Saudi Population: An In Vivo Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Objective. This study assessed the canal configuration of mandibular molars according to Vertucci’s classification of a Saudi population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A total of 290 first and 367 second mandibular molars were analyzed. The CBCT images were evaluated in three sections to inspect the number of roots and canals and canal system. The data are presented as frequencies and percentages. The chi-squared test was used to assess differences between both sides. SPSS was used for analysis, with a significance level of α ≤ 0.05. Results. Among the first molars, 95.4% of the teeth had two roots, and 64.5% had three canals. Approximately 57.9% showed Vertucci type IV mesial roots. Between the second molars, 89.6% of teeth had two roots and 80.4% had three canals. The frequency of Vertucci type IV (39.4%) was the highest in mesial roots. The first molars showed a high prevalence of 3-rooted teeth (5.5%). Both the right and left sides showed teeth with similar external and internal anatomy p < 0.05 . Conclusion. Most of the mandibular first and second molars had two roots and three canals. In the first mandibular molars, similar to the second mandibular molars, the majority of the mesial canals had Vertucci type IV, while the distal canals had Vertucci type I.

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Maxillary incisor internal root anatomy evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography in a population of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana ◽

10.54589/aol.34/2/188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 188-194

Author(s):

Eugenia Consoli-Lizzi ◽

Romina Chaintiou-Piorno ◽

Claudia Aranda ◽

Ariel Gualtieri ◽

Pablo Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Root Anatomy ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Significance Level

In the field of anthropology, discrete traits are considered as minimal epigenetic variations. However, they can elicit complications in endodontic therapy. Thorough understanding of root canal morphology is essential to achieving predictable results in endodontic practice, and may be attained by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. The aim of the present study was to research the internal root anatomy of maxillary central and lateral incisors in vivo and quantify its variation in a population of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. A total 697 CBCT scans from a pre-existing database were observed, and the configuration type for each tooth was determined according to Vertucci’s classification. The data were described by absolute frequencies and percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The CI was estimated by the Wilson Score method.Chi-square test (χ2 ) was used for comparing frequencies, with a 5% significance level. 238 CBCT scans met the inclusion criteria, resulting in 761 teeth assessed. Vertucci Type I configuration was observed in 760 teeth (99.9%) and the Type II was found in only one tooth (0.1%), in which the anatomy was compatible with dens in dente. When differences were analyzed according to sex, all the teeth in all women had Vertucci Type I configuration. In men, all maxillary central incisors were Vertucci Type I. Of 151 maxillary lateral incisors, 150 had Vertucci Type I configuration (99.3%) and 1 had Type II (0.7%). Conclusions: Maxillary incisor internal root anatomy prevalence was estimated from CBCT scans for the first time in an Argentine population. 99.9% of the sample presented Vertucci Type I configuration, and 0.1% had Vertucci Type II configuration. The clinical finding of maxillary incisors with anatomical complexity should be considered as a possibility in endodontic practice.

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Evaluation of the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent molars in a south-eastern Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.130584 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 154-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Bilge Gulsum Nur ◽

Evren Ok ◽

Mustafa Altunsoy ◽

Osman Sami Aglarci ◽

Mehmet Colak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Second Molar ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Permanent Molars ◽

Canal Morphology

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the root and canal morphology of the mandibular first and second permanent molars in a Turkish population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: CBCT images of mandibular first (n = 966) and second molar (n = 1165) teeth from 850 Turkish patients were evaluated. The root canal configurations were classified according to the method of Vertucci. The data were analyzed by Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: The majority of mandibular molars were two rooted with three canals; however, three roots were identified in 0.05% of the first molars and 0.01% of the second molars, and 100% of the additional root canals were of type I configuration. Mesial roots had more complex canal systems with more than one canal, whereas most distal roots had a type I configuration. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that CBCT scanning provides supplemental information about the root canal configurations of mandibular molars in a Turkish population. This study may help clinicians in the root canal treatment of mandibular molars.

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Retrospective study of root canal configurations of maxillary third molars in Central India population using cone beam computed tomography Part- I

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.175690 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 097-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manjusha Rawtiya ◽

Pavithra Somasundaram ◽

Shefali Wadhwani ◽

Swapna Munuga ◽

Manish Agarwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Central India ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Third Molars ◽

Type Iv ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Cbct Analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary third molars in Central India population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 116 maxillary third molars were observed, and data regarding the number of roots, the number of canals, and Vertucci's Classification in each root was statistically evaluated. Results: Majority of Maxillary third molars had three roots (55.2%) and three canals (37.9%). Most MB root (43.8%), DB root (87.5%), and palatal root (100%) of maxillary third molars had Vertucci Type I. Mesiobuccal root of three-rooted maxillary third molars had Vertucci Type I (43.8%) and Type IV (40.6%) configuration. Overall prevalence of C-shaped canals in maxillary third molars was 3.4%. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of three-rooted maxillary molars with three canals.

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Analysis of the internal anatomy of mandibular molars using different cone-beam computed tomography protocols

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v17i1.275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Flares Baratto-Filho ◽

Nathaly Dias Morais ◽

Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira ◽

Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho ◽

Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Type V ◽

Level Of Agreement

The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal anatomy variations of permanent mandibular molars using three different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols. Material and methods: Thirty-five freshly extracted first and second mandibular molars were collected and subjected to three CBCT protocols: i-CAT Classic (ICC); i-CAT Next Generation (ICN), and PreXion 3D (PXD). Images were evaluated by two previously calibrated and experienced endodontists. The morphological root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci. Data were analyzed for frequency, and the binomial and Kappa tests were then performed (α = 0.05). Results: ICC and ICN were able to diagnose a higher percentage of anatomical variations in the mesial roots. In this same root, Vertucci’s type V was the most prevalent, and in distal was the type I. In comparisons of CBCT techniques for agreement, significant differences in the mesial root canals were found in the following: ICC versus (vs) ICN; ICC vs PXD; and ICN vs PXD (p <0.001). However, there were no statistical differences in the distal root canals (p >0.05). The level of agreement in mesial roots was poor or absent, while in distal was moderate.

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Agger Nasi Cells Versus Lacrimal Cells and Uncinate Bullae in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561319840836 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 334-339 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mugurel C. Rusu ◽

Cristina J. Sava ◽

Adrian C. Ilie ◽

Mihai Săndulescu ◽

Dănuţ Dincă

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Uncinate Process ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

3 Dimensional ◽

Multiplanar Reconstructions ◽

Type Iv ◽

Frontal Process ◽

Type V

The maxillary bone’s frontal process, lacrimal bone, and ethmoidal labyrinth’s uncinate process can each harbor pneumatizations, referred to as agger nasi cells (ANCs), lacrimal cells (LCs), and uncinate bullae (UBs), respectively. Different studies have failed to differentiate ANCs from LCs. We aimed at studying these 3 anatomic sites to establish the anatomical patterns that could be encountered. We performed a retrospective study on cone-beam computed tomography scans of 36 patients (72 sides); the anatomic identification was supported by bidimensional multiplanar reconstructions (MPRs) in all 3 planes and 3-dimensional volume renderings. We established 6 patterns of pneumatization as follows: (1) type I: single LCs (47%), (2) type II: distinctive adjacent LCs and ANCs (8%), (3) type III: LCs expanded as UBs (6%), (4) type IV: ANCs adjacent to LCs expanded with UBs (1%), (5) type V: ANCs expanded as LCs (27%), and (6) type VI: ANCs expanded as LCs and further expanded as UBs (11%). In a type I pattern case, we found a cell-in-cell aspect on sagittal MPRs, which was further demonstrated as being an anterolateral recess of the middle nasal meatus projected in front of an LC. Such an “agger nasi recess” of the middle meatus was not previously described. For an accurate anatomical diagnosis, computed tomography studies should use complementary MPRs in all anatomical planes, as well as 3-dimensional models, to avoid confusing ANCs with LCs and better document the drainage pathways.

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Cone Beam Computed Tomography of Mesiobuccal Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Molars in Delhi-NCR Population- A Retrospective Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2021/49780.15364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jaynit Tandon ◽

Sonali Taneja ◽

Vidhi Kiran Bhalla ◽

Akshay Rathore

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Anatomic Variation ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Canal Morphology

Introduction: Adequate knowledge of the anatomic variation and root canal morphology is paramount for long term endodontic success. The presence of two canals in Mesiobuccal (MB) root is commonly associated with maxillary molars in various populations. Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary first and second molars in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analysis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the records of complete maxillary CBCT scans of 204 maxillary first and second molars from January 2016 till May 2019 from different CBCT centres in Delhi-NCR region to determine the anatomy and morphology in June 2019. The prevalence of second MB2 canals was recorded and associated with age, gender and symmetry. The z-test for proportions was used to assess the differences among the subgroups. Results: The number of roots in 204 teeth in both maxillary molars were determined. The prevalence of 3-rooted configuration was 98.55% in maxillary first molars and 79.4% in maxillary 2nd molars. Also, in maxillary 2nd molars, 7.4% were single rooted and 13.2% had 2-rooted configuration. Three rooted configuration and variable canal number was commonly reported in maxillary molars. Prevalence of MB2 canal was 87.2% in maxillary 1st molars and 64.2% in maxillary 2nd molars. Also, the prevalence was 87.2% bilaterally in maxillary first molars and 65.7% on the right and 53.9% on the left in maxillary second molars respectively. Type IV canal configuration was most prevalent in 44.60% of maxillary first molars and type 1 configuration (35.78%) for the maxillary second molars. Conclusion: Prevalence of MB2 canals in maxillary first and second molars was found to be high in North Indian population and the clinician should suspect its presence in all cases. Prevalence of MB2 had bilaterally symmetrical distribution without any association with age or gender. The MB roots were more likely to exhibit type IV and type II canal configurations in maxillary first molars and type I and type II configurations in second molars.

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Evaluation of Root Canal Configuration of Mandibular First Molars in a Palestinian Population by Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: An Ex Vivo Study

International Scholarly Research Notices ◽

10.1155/2014/583621 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Raed Hakam Mukhaimer

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iv ◽

Reported Data ◽

Palestinian Population

Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the number of canals and variations in root canal configuration in the mandibular permanent first molar teeth of a Palestinian population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods. A sample of 320 extracted double-rooted mandibular permanent first molars from Palestinian population was collected for this study and scanned with CBCT scanner. The following observations were made: number of root canals per root and canal configuration in each root based on Vertucci’s classification. Results. Of the 320 mandibular first molars analyzed, 174 (54.4%) had three canals, 132 teeth (41.3%) had four canals, and only four teeth had two canals. The most common canal configuration in the mesial roots was Vertucci type IV (53.8%) followed by type II (38.8%). In the distal roots, the most prevalent canal configuration was Vertucci type I (57.5%) followed by type II ( 22.5%) and type III (10.6%). Conclusion. Our results showed that the number of canals and canal configuration in Palestinian population were consistent with previously reported data. The present study also indicates that CBCT is helpful as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of root canal morphology.

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Evaluation of root morphology and root canal configuration of premolars in the Turkish individuals using cone beam computed tomography

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.172624 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 551-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Duygu Goller Bulut ◽

Emre Kose ◽

Gozde Ozcan ◽

Ahmet Ercan Sekerci ◽

Emin Murat Canger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Single Root ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

Type V

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study is to assess the root and root canal morphology of maxillary and mandibular premolars in a Turkish population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: In this study, CBCT images of 2134 premolars (987 maxillary, 1147 mandibular) were obtained from 404 patients. Details of gender, age, number of roots and canals, and canal configuration in each root were recorded. The canal configuration was classified and evaluated according to Vertucci's criteria. Results: The majority of maxillary premolars had two separate roots; although, three roots were identified in 1% of maxillary first premolars. However, most of the mandibular premolars had a single root. The two canals (69.9%) and type I (62.6%) and type II (34.1%) configuration for upper first premolar, one canal (82.1%) and type I (77.6%) canal configuration for second premolar was the most prevalent root canal frequency. The most prevalent root canal frequency was the one canal (96.2%) and type I (94.2%) and type V (3.2%) configuration for mandibular first premolar, one canal (98.9%) and type I (98.9%) canal configuration for second premolar. There was no difference in the root canal configurations and the numbers of canals between the left and the right side of both females and males (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Recognition of morphology and anatomy of the root canal system is one of the most important factors for successful endodontic treatment. Preoperative CBCT examination allows determination of root canal configuration of premolar teeth and helps clinicians in root canal treatment.

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Relationship between maxillary canine intra-alveolar position and maxillary incisor angulation: a cone beam computed tomography study

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402011000200010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Carolina Baratieri ◽

Ana Carolina Portes Canongia ◽

Ana Maria Bolognese

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Maxillary Incisor ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Significance Level ◽

Maxillary Incisors ◽

The Right

The aims of the present study were to evaluate the angulation and inclination of permanent maxillary incisors and to correlate the results to the intra-alveolar permanent maxillary canine position during mixed dentition, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The subjects were 30 children aged 7 to 10 years in the inter-transitory period of mixed dentition (permanent incisors and first molars erupted; primary canines, first and second molars erupted; and permanent canines intraosseous). The CBCT scans were obtained and, using the Dolphin Imaging® software - version 11.0, 3D images were reconstructed and the measurements were performed. The angulation of the right and left lateral and central maxillary incisors was measured in relation to the sagittal plane and their inclination was measured in relation to the coronal plane. The intra-alveolar height of the right and left maxillary canines was measured from the cusp tip to the axial plane. Pearson's correlation at 5% significance level showed positive correlation between the canine height and the lateral incisor angulation. It was concluded that the intra-alveolar position of the maxillary canines has a direct influence on the angulation of maxillary incisors, especially the lateral incisors.

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