scholarly journals Paeoniflorin Effect of Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomes Ameliorates Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Apoptosis through IRE1α Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yanbo Zhu ◽  
Shuo Han ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Yingying Gao ◽  
Jiayue Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Glucose Group

Background. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes but its pathogenesis is not fully clarified. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been confirmed to be involved in the development of DPN. Dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) is the target cell of DPN injure in the peripheral neurons system. Schwann cell (SCs)-derived exosomes (SC-EXOs) can carry IRE1α signal transduction factors in ER stress to DRGn. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of SC-EXOs treated with paeoniflorin (PF) on DRGn stimulated by high glucose. Methods. SCs were divided into Control group (Control), 150 mM glucose group (HG), high osmotic pressure group (HOP), and low, middle, and high dose PF group (PF1, PF10, and PF100). Exosomes were obtained from SCs by ultracentrifugation and identified according to marker proteins, including CD63, Alix, Hsp70, and TSG101. ER stress initiating factor GRP78, the IRE1α pathway information transmission factor IRE1α, and the phosphorylation level of IRE1α were detected by Western blot, DRGn is divided into Control group (Control), 50 mM glucose group + Control exosomes group (HG + EXOs Control), 50 mM glucose group (HG), and 50 mM glucose group + administration exosomes group (HG + EXOs PF1, HG + EXOs PF10, and HG + EXOs PF100); ER morphology of primary DRGn was observed by using the transmission electron microscope, the level of DRGn apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL, and the downstream proteins of ER stress including CHOP, XBP1S, JNK, and p-JNK in DRG and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-12 were measured by Western blot. Results. Compared with the exosomes in the HG group, the exosomes after the intervention of PF can significantly reduce the expression of GRP78, IRE1α, and the phosphorylation level of IRE1α P < 0.05 ; compared with the DRGn in the HG group, the SC-EXOs treated with PF could regulate the expression of proteins downstream of IRE1α pathway in ER stress ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ), improve the morphological integrity of ER, and reduce apoptosis in DRGn ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ). Conclusion. PF regulates the information of ER stress carried by SC-EXOs and further affects downstream of IRE1α pathway in DRGn, thus reducing ER stress-induced apoptosis. PF can interfere with DPN through affecting information communication carried by EXOs between SCs and DRGn.

Dorsal root ganglion neurons induce transdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells along a Schwann cell lineage

2008 ◽  
Vol 445 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsong Yang ◽  
Qiang Lou ◽  
Renzheng Huang ◽  
Longxiang Shen ◽  
Zhengrong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals Studies of adhesion molecules mediating interactions between cells of peripheral nervous system indicate a major role for L1 in mediating sensory neuron growth on Schwann cells in culture.

1988 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Seilheimer ◽  
M Schachner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Large Neurons

The involvement of the adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM, and J1 in adhesion and neurite outgrowth in the peripheral nervous system was investigated. We prepared Schwann cells and fibroblasts (from sciatic nerves) and neurons (from dorsal root ganglia) from 1-d mice. These cells were allowed to interact with each other in a short-term adhesion assay. We also measured outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons on Schwann cell and fibroblast monolayers. Schwann cells (which express L1, N-CAM, and J1) adhered most strongly to dorsal root ganglion neurons by an L1-dependent mechanism and less by N-CAM and J1. Schwann cell-Schwann cell adhesion was mediated by L1 and N-CAM, but not J1. Adhesion of fibroblasts (which express N-CAM, but not L1 or J1) to neurons or Schwann cells was mediated by L1 and N-CAM and not J1. However, inhibition by L1 and N-CAM antibodies was found to be less pronounced with fibroblasts than with Schwann cells. N-CAM was also strongly involved in fibroblast-fibroblast adhesion. Neurite outgrowth was most extensive on Schwann cells and less on fibroblasts. A difference in extent of neurite elongation was seen between small- (10-20 microns) and large- (20-35 microns) diameter neurons, with the larger neurons tending to exhibit longer neurites. Fab fragments of polyclonal L1, N-CAM, and J1 antibodies exerted slightly different inhibitory effects on neurite outgrowth, depending on whether the neurites were derived from small or large neurons. L1 antibodies interfered most strikingly with neurite outgrowth on Schwann cells (inhibition of 88% for small and 76% for large neurons), while no inhibition was detectable on fibroblasts. Similarly, although to a smaller extent than L1, N-CAM appeared to be involved in neurite outgrowth on Schwann cells and not on fibroblasts. Antibodies to J1 only showed a very small effect on neurite outgrowth of large neurons on Schwann cells. These observations show for the first time that identified adhesion molecules are potent mediators of glia-dependent neurite formation and attribute to L1 a predominant role in neurite outgrowth on Schwann cells which may be instrumental in regeneration.

Wogonin Prevents Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Death via Inhibiting Tunicamycin-Induced ER Stress In Vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujuan Xu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Quanlai Zhao ◽  
Quan Zheng ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

scholarly journals A neuronal cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is required for dorsal root ganglion neuron stimulation of Schwann cell proliferation.

1985 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 744-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ratner ◽  
R P Bunge ◽  
L Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglion ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Mitogenic Response ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Axons of dorsal root ganglion neurons express on their surfaces one or more proteins which are mitogenic for Schwann cells (Salzer, J., R. P. Bunge, and L. Glaser, 1980, J. Cell Biol., 84:767-778). Incubation of co-cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons and Schwann cells with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-xyloside, an inhibitor of proteoglycan biosynthesis, decreases the mitogenic response of the Schwann cell by over 95%. The effect of the beta-D-xyloside has been localized to the neurons; pretreatment of neurons but not of Schwann cells with the inhibitor causes a marked reduction of the mitogenic response. In addition, Schwann cells treated with beta-D-xyloside are still mitogenically responsive to soluble Schwann cell mitogens (cholera toxin and glial growth factor). Neurons treated with heparitinase and membrane vesicles prepared from heparitinase-treated neurons show diminished mitogenicity for Schwann cells, while other proteoglycan lyases have no effect. We conclude that a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a component of the Schwann cell mitogen present on the surface of dorsal root ganglion neurons.

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