Stabilization Methods in the Submerged Arc Discharge Synthesis of Carbon Nanostructures

Many papers, in which the submerged arc discharge (SAD) method in nanoparticle synthesis was used, reported similar operating parameters, but different electrode erosion rate values, different yields and purities of the obtained nanostructures, and a different sort of contaminants present in the synthesis. Analyzing these articles, we found insufficient attention to ensure the arc power stability, which is a key factor guaranteeing the product homogeneity and quality. This paper presents an analysis of different control strategies, remarks their advantages and drawbacks, and proposes the most appropriate technique to be used in SAD. The most appropriate technique is proposed from the SAD stabilization method analysis.

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Multiparametric diagnostic in the synthesis of carbon nanostructures via submerged arc discharge: Stability, nucleation and yield

Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1063/1.5108815 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (18) ◽

pp. 183301

Author(s):

L. Hernandez-Tabares ◽

S. Fortune-Fabregas ◽

F. J. Chao-Mujica ◽

J. G. Darias-Gonzalez ◽

N. Torres-Figueredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Submerged Arc

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Study of the Effect of Anode/Cathode Geometry on the Yield Rate and Quality of the MWCNTs Synthesized by Submerged Arc Discharging

Volume 2: Systems; Micro and Nano Technologies; Sustainable Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/msec2013-1079 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Osama M. Awadallah ◽

Ragaie M. Rashad ◽

Abdalla S. Wifi

Keyword(s):

Arc Discharge ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

Yield Rate ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Water As Solvent ◽

Quantitative Manner ◽

A356 Aluminum ◽

Submerged Arc ◽

Selection Of

The main objective of the present paper is to clarify the effect of anode/cathode geometry combinations on the yield rate and quality of the Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) produced by submerged arc discharge technique. The effects of current intensity and the discharging medium (solvent) are also investigated. The morphology and crystalline perfection of the produced MWCNTs are confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Electron diffraction. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is conducted to check the quality of the MWCNTs in a quantitative manner. The flat ended anode/cathode combination of diameters 4 and 12 mm respectively exhibited the highest yield at 70 A using deionized water as solvent. Through careful selection of the process parameters, the yield rate of MWCNTs obtained is found to be higher than most of the reported values in literature. However, the best quality of MWCNTs with purity as high as 95%, average thermal stability of 745°C as well as good batch homogeneity, is obtained with KCl solution and tapered male/female anode combination. The best quality MWCNTs is used successfully as reinforcement for A356 aluminum silicon composite.

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Chemical properties study of nickel- and iron oxide-based carbon nanoparticles synthesized in submerged arc discharge by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

10.1063/5.0031111 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oktaviana Dewi Indah Prasiwi ◽

Abu Masykur ◽

Teguh Endah Saraswati

Keyword(s):

Fourier Transform ◽

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Iron Oxide ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Carbon Nanoparticles ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Fourier Transform Infrared ◽

Submerged Arc

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Modeling of formation of carbon cluster groups in electric arc discharge plasma

Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies ◽

10.20914/2310-1202-2018-2-108-113 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 80 (2) ◽

pp. 108-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. N. Gavrilov

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Particle Method ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Carbon Cluster ◽

Collision Integral ◽

Numerical Calculations ◽

Plasma Synthesis ◽

Interelectrode Space

The problem of modeling complex resource-intensive processes of plasma synthesis of carbon nanostructures (CNS) on the basis of mathematical and numerical methods of solution, focused on the use of parallel and distributed computing for processing large amounts of data, allowing to investigate the relationship and characteristics of processes to obtain an effective, cost-effective method of synthesis of CNS (fullerenes, nanotubes), is an actual theoretical and practical problem. This article deals with the problem of mathematical modeling of motion and interaction of charged particles in a multicomponent plasma based on the Boltzmann equation for the synthesis of ONS by thermal sublimation of graphite. The derivation of the collision integral is presented allowing to perform a numerical solution of the Boltzmann - Maxwell equations system with respect to the arc synthesis of CNS. The high order of particles and the number of their interactions involved simultaneously in the process of synthesis of CNS requires significant costs of machine resources and time to perform numerical calculations on the constructed model. Application of the large particle method makes it possible to reduce the amount of computing and hardware requirements without affecting the accuracy of numerical calculations. The use of parallel computing technology on the CPU and GPU with the use of Nvidia CUDA technology allows you to organize all the General-purpose calculations for the developed model based on the graphics processor of the personal computer graphics card, without the use of supercomputers or computing clusters. The results of experimental studies and numerical calculations confirming the adequacy of the developed model are presented. Obtained quantitative characteristics of the total pairwise interactions between the carbon particles and interactions with the formation of clusters of carbon with various types of ties in the plasma of the interelectrode space which are the basis of the synthesized nanostructures. The formation of carbon clusters occurs in the entire interelectrode space of the plasma with different intensity and depends on the process parameters.

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The Influence of Ammonia Addition on the Surface Characteristics of Fe3O4/Carbon Nanoparticles in Submerged Arc Discharge

Recent Patents on Materials Science ◽

10.2174/1874464812666181128102742 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 71-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Teguh Endah Saraswati ◽

Indah Retnosari ◽

Ikrima Nur Hayati ◽

Amalia Amalia ◽

Sri Hastuti

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanoparticles ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Surface Characteristics ◽

Ammonia Addition ◽

Submerged Arc

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Quantitative Valence-Loss Spectroscopy of Carbon Nanostructures

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600016779 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 690-691

Author(s):

T. Stöeckli ◽

Z.L. Wang ◽

J.-M. Bonard ◽

P. Stadelmann ◽

A. Châtelain

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Function ◽

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Spherical Geometry ◽

Dielectric Medium ◽

Graphitic Carbon ◽

Dielectric Tensor ◽

Carbon Sphere ◽

Direct Measurements ◽

Image Position

Carbon tubes or spheres synthesized by arc-discharge are usually mixed with other byproducts, prohibiting direct measurements of their physical properties by the well established optical techniques because a large quantity of pure specimen is required. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a unique technique that can be applied to probe the electronic structure of a single carbon tube or sphere. In this paper, the classical dielectric response theory is applied to calculate the EELS spectra acquired from a graphitic carbon sphere at various impact parameters. Graphite is an anisotropic dielectric medium whose dielectric function is described by a tensor. A graphitic carbon sphere is composed of concentric graphitic shells whose dielectric tensor in the spherical geometry, under the local response approximation, is given by (Figure 1)where are the dielectric function of graphite for an electric field perpendicular and parallel, respectively, to the c axis. In the non-relativistic approximation, the surface excitation is calculated by [1]

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