scholarly journals Healthcare Waste Status and Handling Practices during COVID-19 Pandemic in Tepi General Hospital, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Besufekad Mekonnen ◽  
Nahom Solomon ◽  
Wondimagegn Wondimu
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Patient Flow ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Handling Practices

Background. Mismanagement of healthcare waste (HCW) during the COVID-19 pandemic can facilitate the transmission of coronavirus. Regarding this problem, there is gap of evidence in Ethiopia, and this study aimed to assess the HCW generation rate and management in Tepi General Hospital, southwest Ethiopia. Methods. Institution-based cross-sectional and case studies were conducted. The total amount of waste generated and its type among various case teams were compared using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (r) was used to assess the correlation between the total numbers of patients and the total amount of HCW generated. Qualitative data were transcribed verbatim, translated to English, and analyzed with Open Code version 4.02 software, and content analysis was followed. Results. The total mean weight (±SD) of waste generation rate in all service units of the hospital was 492.5 ± 11.5 kg/day. The higher proportion (61.9%) of the total HCW produced was general waste and the remaining (38.1%) was hazardous waste. There was a statistically significant (X2 = 82.1, p < 0.001 ) difference in daily HCW generation rate among different case teams. Similarly, the hospital waste generation amount and total patient flow had a strong positive linear relationship (r = 0.7, p = 0.032 ). COVID-19-related medical wastes were not properly handled, segregated, stored, and disposed. There was a scarcity of resources needed to manage HCW, and available resources were utilized poorly. Overall, healthcare wastes were managed as usual (pre-COVID-19). Conclusion. The mean HCW generation rate in Tepi General Hospital was high. Overall, wastes were mismanaged, and COVID-19-related HCWs have been managed as usual. Availing of important resources and training the concerned bodies should be considered during the crisis of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsils

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Berwig ◽  
Ana da Silva ◽  
Eliane Corrêa ◽  
Eliane Serpa ◽  
Rodrigo Ritzel
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Tonsil Hyperplasia ◽  
Pharyngeal Tonsil

Summary Introduction: Hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil is one of the main causes of mouth breathing, and accurate diagnosis of this alteration is important for proper therapeutic planning. Therefore, studies have been conducted in order to provide information regarding the procedures that can be used for the diagnosis of pharyngeal obstruction. Objective: To verify the correlation between nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometric examinations in the diagnosis of pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia. Method: This was a cross-sectional, clinical, experimental, and quantitative study. Fifty-five children took part in this study, 30 girls and 25 boys, aged between 7 and 11 years. The children underwent nasofibropharyngoscopic and cephalometric evaluation to determine the grade of nasopharyngeal obstruction. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient at the 5% significance level was used to verify the correlation between these exams. Results: In the nasopharyngoscopy evaluation, most children showed grade 2 and 3 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 1. In the cephalometry assessment, most children showed grade 1 hyperplasia of the pharyngeal tonsil, which was followed by grade 2. A statistically significant regular positive correlation was observed between the exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the evaluation of the pharyngeal tonsil hyperplasia could be carried out by fiber optic nasopharyngoscopy and cephalometry, as these examinations were regularly correlated. However, it was found that cephalometry tended to underestimate the size of the pharyngeal tonsil relative to nasopharyngoscopy.

scholarly journals Clock drawing test: comparison between the Pfizer and the Shulman systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484
Author(s):  
Daniela Bertol Graeff ◽  
Jéssica Maldaner Lui ◽  
Nathália Dal Prá Zucco ◽  
Ana Luisa Sant’Anna Alves ◽  
Cassiano Mateus Forcelini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Clock Drawing ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Previous Training

ABSTRACT Cognitive decline can be screened by the clock drawing test (CDT), which has several versions. Objective: This survey aimed to analyze the correlation between two simple methods for scoring the CDT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was nested in the Elo-Creati cohort from Passo Fundo, Brazil and comprised 404 subjects. Two raters underwent previous training and scored the subjects’ CDT according to both the Pfizer and Shulman systems. The inter-observer and intra-observer concordance within each method was analyzed with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, as well as the concordance of the scores between the two methods. Age and scholarity were also correlated with the scores. Results: Most of the participants were women (93.8%) and Caucasian (84.6%), with a mean age of 66.9 (±7.8) years and a scholarity of 10.9 years (±5.6). There was significant inter-observer (Pfizer: r=0.739, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.727, p£0.001) and intra-observer correlation (Pfizer: rater 1, r=0.628, p≤0.001; rater 2, r=0.821, p≤0.001; Shulman: rater 1, r=0.843, p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.819; p≤0.001). Intra-observer correlation was also observed comparing Pfizer and Shulman methods (rater 1: r=0.744; p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.702; p≤0.001). There was weak correlation of the scores with scholarity (Pfizer: r=0.283, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.244, p£0.001) and age (Pfizer: r=-0.174, p£0.001; Shulman: r=-0.170, p£0.001). More participants were classified with decreased cognition through the Pfizer system (rater 1: 44.3 vs. 26.5%; rater 2: 42.1 vs. 16.3%; p≤0.001). Conclusions: For this population, our results suggest that the Pfizer system of scoring CDT is more suitable for screening cognitive decline.

Evaluating the Influences of Employees Training and Development on Organizational Performance of Deposit Money Banks

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Job Orientation

The aim of this study was to empirically examine the association between staff training& development and Organizational performance of deposit money banks in Rivers State. The study applied cross sectional survey design in structured questionnaire to collect data from 66 personnel of designated positions of any accessible branch of the 22 deposit money banks. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient tool was employed with the help of SPSS Version 21.0, in statistically analyzing data. Results revealed that staff training and development have positive and significant relationship with organizational performance. Consequently, the study concludes that staff training and development are strategic assets in equipping employees with the necessary tools to improve productivity. The research recommends that banks that want to improve productivity are encouraged to invest more on staff training and development; particularly mentoring and job orientation.

Evaluating the Influences of Employees Training and Development on Organizational Performance of Deposit Money Banks

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Obabuike Ikeni Nkpurukwe ◽  
Jonathan Peter Uzah ◽  
Andy Fred Wali
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Job Orientation

The aim of this study was to empirically examine the association between staff training& development and Organizational performance of deposit money banks in Rivers State. The study applied cross sectional survey design in structured questionnaire to collect data from 66 personnel of designated positions of any accessible branch of the 22 deposit money banks. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient tool was employed with the help of SPSS Version 21.0, in statistically analyzing data. Results revealed that staff training and development have positive and significant relationship with organizational performance. Consequently, the study concludes that staff training and development are strategic assets in equipping employees with the necessary tools to improve productivity. The research recommends that banks that want to improve productivity are encouraged to invest more on staff training and development; particularly mentoring and job orientation.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Hearing Loss and the Quality of Life of Workers Exposed to the Noise in the Textile Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Sumardiyono Sumardiyono ◽  
Reni Wijayanti ◽  
Hartono Hartono ◽  
Ari Probandari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Bodily Pain ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient

Noise is a stressor for hearing loss among workers. Unfortunately, hearing loss also affect worker’s quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between hearing loss and quality of life among workers in textile industry. The study design was a cross-sectional survey.  The study population were 200 workers exposed to the noisy textile industry. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The findings showed a significant relationship between hearing loss and the quality of life of the workers (rs=-0.698; p=0.000). The dimensions of quality of life associated with hearing loss were the Physical Functioning (rs=-0.493; p=0.000), Role-Physical (rs=-0.501; p=0.000), Bodily Pain (rs=-0.516; p=0.000), General Health (rs=-0.497; p=0.000), Vitality (rs=-0.527; p=0.000), Social Functioning (rs=-0.521; p=0.000), Role-Emotional (rs=-0.521; p=0.000), and Mental Health (rs=-0.517; p=0.000). This study concludes that hearing loss decreases the quality of life among workers exposed to the noise of the textile industry.

scholarly journals Association of trait and specific hopes: cross sectional study on students and workers of health professions in Split, Croatia

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Malički ◽  
Domagoj Marković ◽  
Matko Marušić
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
Trait Hope

Introduction.Hope (hoping) is most commonly assessed as a dispositional trait and associated with quality of life, self-care agency and non-attempts of suicide. However, little research has been conducted on hoping for specific events.Materials and Methods.We distributed a survey consisting of Integrative Hope Scale (IHS) and visual analogue scales on which respondents could declare their levels (intensity) of hope for specific events, to all first year health students enrolled at the University Department of Health Studies, Split, Croatia in 2011/2012, as well as to working health professionals attending a nursing conference in April 2012.Results.A total of 161 (89.4%) students and 88 (89.8%) working health professionals returned the completed questionnaires. We found high trait hope scores of students and working health professionals (Md = 111, 95% CI [109–113] vs. Md = 115, 95% CI [112–119];U= 5,353,P= 0.065), and weak to moderate correlations of trait and specific hopes (r= 0.18–0.48, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient). Students and workers reported 31 different things they hoped for most in life, of which the most prevalent were being healthy and happy. There was very little agreement between participants’ reported influence of the four factors compromising the trait hope (self-confidence, ambition, optimism, and social support) on their specific hopes.Conclusions.Our findings, while strengthening the validity of hope as a trait, indicate that specific hopes of individuals are moderated by factors not captured by the IHS trait scale. Further research should explore specific hoping in detail, as well as the effectiveness of interventions aimed at increasing specific or generalized hoping.

scholarly journals Student perception of early simulation in dentistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Alexandra Diaz-Vilela ◽  
◽  
Claudia Salazar-Reyna ◽  
Haru Kinoshita-Rivas ◽  
Stefany Caballero-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Perception ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
High Level

Objective: To evaluate student perception of early simulation in dentistry. Material and Methods: The design of the study was quantitative, observational and cross-sectional. A total of 121 students, from third year to senior year were evaluated. The perception and its dimensions: satisfaction, self-confidence and good educational practices were evaluated by a survey with a high level of reliability (0.89), modified and adapted for the present investigation, checking coefficients for its use: Aiken's V, Cronbach's Alpha, Test-Retest (Spearman), classified in ability, scenario and general simulation practices, based on the Likert scale (from 1 to 5). For the univariate analysis, the descriptive statistics from qualitative and quantitative variables were obtained and for the bivariate analysis, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests were employed. Results: The students rated the simulation perception positively with anaverage of 4.42±0.49, 4.14±0.63 y 4.73±0.66 regarding the ability, scenario and general simulation practices, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found between the perception of early preclinical practices with the variables age, gender, year of study and previous experience. Conclusion: The perception of students regarding early preclinical practices got a high score and it is not related with the variables studied, according to the survey modified and adapted.

Facebook Ad Engagement: A Cross-cultural Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110071
Author(s):  
Kavita Sharma ◽  
Emmanuel Elioth Lulandala
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Multiple Platform ◽  
Facebook Advertising

The paper analysed cultural differences to explain ad engagement (AE) among Facebook users in India and Tanzania. It uses Hofstede’s model and theory of planned behaviour to examine the differences in cultural values and AE between the two countries and to evaluate AE and its determinants. The paper used a cross-sectional descriptive design to collect data from 700 students from Indian and Tanzanian universities by using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analysed by using an independent sample t-test, Spearman’s Rank correlation coefficient, Multi-group differences test, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) methods. These analyses were run in SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 24. The paper confirms cultural convergence for individualism and masculinity values, but significant differences in indulgence and uncertainty avoidance across India and Tanzania were observed. Also, significant differences in AE across the two countries were observed. Moreover, we found that attitude to Facebook advertising, subjective norms and perceived herd behaviour positively determines AE, while perceived intrusiveness determines AE negatively. Indulgence has an insignificant relationship with AE while other cultural values have a significant positive relationship. The paper adopted purposive sampling and limited the scope to Facebook, thus, the findings may lack generalisability to other social media platforms. Hence, multiple-platform ad engagement research is encouraged. The marketing implications from this paper include the development of AE strategies, designing culturally relevant ad content and themes and ad targeting. This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between cultural values and users’ engagement with Facebook advertising.

scholarly journals Healthcare Waste Generation, Composition and management Practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girum Gebremeskel Kanno ◽  
Belay Negassa Gondol ◽  
Tizalegne Tesfaye Mamo ◽  
Abriham Shiferaw Areba1 ◽  
Zemachu Ashuro Lagiso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Waste ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Abstract Background: Improper collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal of healthcare wastes waste pose risk to public health and the environment. The aim of this assessment was to determine the healthcare waste generation rate, composition and management practice in Dilla University Referral Hospital.Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dilla University Referral hospital from May to June 2019. The quantitative data was collected for eight consecutive days using direct measurment of healthcare waste. The qualitative data was collected by using questionnaire, observation checklist, and in-depth interview. The qualitative data was collected and transcribed and thematic content analysis was done.Result: A total of 1212.5 kg of healthcare waste was generated in the study period with an average of 151.56 kg (±73.4). The hazardous fraction of the healthcare waste was 581.9 kg (48 %) while the generation rate was 0.866 kg bed-1day-1. From the total healthcare waste, general waste was the highest 630.6 kg (52%) followed by infectious waste which was 299.5 kg (24.7%). There was no segregation of healthcare waste by type at the point of generation and there was no pre-treatment of infectious wastes. Placenta pit was used for pathological wastes and open burning was the main disposal mechanism for the remaining wastes.Conclusion: The finding indicated that the proportion of hazardous waste generated from the hospital was above the threshold set by the World Health Organization. There was a lack of appropriate waste segregation, storage, transport, treatment and disposal practices in the referal hospital.

scholarly journals Epistaxis limits the performed activities of daily living in proportion to its severity: a cross-sectional survey among patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
M. Hayama ◽  
Y. Maeda ◽  
T. Tsuda ◽  
H. Akazawa ◽  
A. Nakatani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Hereditary Haemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation Coefficient ◽  
The Mean

Background: We examined the severity of epistaxis in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and its relationship with the performed activities of daily living. Methodology: This cross-sectional survey included 36 patients with HHT in Japan. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted regarding the severity of epistaxis, the measures adopted to prevent epistaxis, and the limitations in the performed activities of daily living. The latter was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The correlation between epistaxis severity and the VAS score was analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: Of the 36 participants surveyed, 94.4% had >1 episode of epistaxis/week. The mean epistaxis severity score (ESS) was 4.3 (range, 0.9–8.4). Limitations in daily life, going out (within a day), meeting with others, eating with others, and going on overnight trips were positively correlated with the ESS. To prevent nosebleeds, 44.4% and 41.7% of the participants used medications and avoided drying their nasal cavities, respectively. Conclusions: Epistaxis impacted the daily life of patients with HHT in proportion to its severity. Nonetheless, less than half of the patients used medications or took precautions. Hence, further educational activities should be considered for medical professionals and patients.

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