Knowledge, Attitudes, and Common Practices of Livestock and Poultry Veterinary Practitioners Regarding the AMU and AMR in Bangladesh

Current evidence indicates that more than half of all antimicrobials are used in the animal food-producing sector, which is considered a significant risk factor for the development, spread, and existence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens in animals, humans, and the environment. Among other factors, clinical etiology and the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of veterinarians are thought to be responsible for inappropriate prescriptions in the animal-source protein production sector in lower-resource settings like Bangladesh. We performed this cross-sectional study to assess factors associated with veterinarians’ antimicrobial prescription behavior and their KAP on antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR in Bangladesh. Exploratory and multivariate logistic models were used to describe an association between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of AMU and AMR and demographic characteristics of veterinarians. The results demonstrated that when selecting an antimicrobial, there was no to minimal influence of culture and susceptibility tests and patients’ AMU history but moderate to high influence of the farmer’s economic condition and drug instructions among the veterinarians. The results also demonstrated that more than half of the veterinarians had correct KAP regarding AMU and AMR, while the rest had moderate or lower levels of KAP. The factor score analysis revealed that age, level of education, years of experience, gender, and previous training on AMU and AMR were the key influencing factors in their level of KAP. Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that respondents’ age, current workplace, and previous training on AMU and AMR had a positive association with increased KAP. Considering the results, it is imperative to include AMR issues on vet curricula, and to provide post-education training, awareness campaigns, easy access to, and dissemination of AMR resources. Increasing the veterinary services to the outreach areas of the country and motivating veterinarians to follow the national AMR guidelines could be some other potential solutions to tackle the over-prescriptions of antimicrobials.

Coping With Online Practicum

This chapter examines the experience of eight pre-service teachers of Czech as a Second Language both in Spring 2020, when their teaching practicum classes abruptly turned online, and Fall 2020, when online teaching became the “new normal,” and traces how they coped with the new instructional media. The data were collected in two group zoom sessions with a supervisor and two observed lessons with observation sheets and lesson plans, and finally, in a written reflection and a recorded group interview. The teachers identified two main problems: 1) a lack of previous training and experience with online instruction and 2) classroom management specifics related to the nature of online lessons. Peer observation and collaborative tasks emerged as the main coping strategies. Although the teachers adapted to the new situation well, training programs should provide more courses on CALL (computer-assisted language learning) in their curricula in the future.

Trainees’ Personal Characteristics in the Learning Transfer Process of Permanent Online ICT Teacher Training

The aim of this study was to identify any personal factors that may facilitate the initial transfer of learning among students taking a permanent online ICT training course for teaching staff. Some deductive categories were created based on previous studies, and with the help of the NVivo software and its triangulation, a qualitative analysis of the three data sources—two reflective training activities completed by the subjects and an interview—was used to determine the relevance of some of the identified personal characteristics in the transfer process occurring within the context of distance techno-pedagogical training. Among them, we highlight four relevant ideas for transfer in the context: participants’ motivation to innovate in their classes with the use of technologies; self-efficacy, characterized as confidence acquired by the subjects to carry out online training; previous training and professional experiences; and the analysis of their training needs in relation to the critical and reflective use of ICT. We also confirmed that the favourable reaction of the subjects to these factors can serve as an indicator of a possible transfer and that online ICT training should continue to seek to design activities that have positive results in relation to these aspects.

The Changes in Training Teachers’ Roles Performance Following Academy-Classroom Practical Training Model

Academy-Classroom model is the most recent program adopted by the Ministry of Education in Israel for trainee teachers’ practical training. One of the model’s primary goals is to bridge the gap between the needs and the reality of the school in connection with how academic institutions prepare their teachers. The study aimed to research the role performance in training teachers following the Academy-Classroom model’s implementation, compared to their role under previous training plans, and to explore whether changes had taken place. Forty-four training teachers within the academy class framework took part in the study. All of them had worked as training teachers in previous models. The research was conducted using a mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodology. The findings show a broader integration of the training teachers in the process of preparing and qualifying the trainee students. The results demonstrate a statistically significant increase in the training teachers’ role performance in social perspective, training with a focus on a subject matter guidance, mentoring students with an emotional approach, and personal responsibility for training and qualifying the trainee students. Academy-Classroom model has resulted in a paradigmatic shift in the training teachers’ role and work methods.

Clock drawing test: comparison between the Pfizer and the Shulman systems

ABSTRACT Cognitive decline can be screened by the clock drawing test (CDT), which has several versions. Objective: This survey aimed to analyze the correlation between two simple methods for scoring the CDT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was nested in the Elo-Creati cohort from Passo Fundo, Brazil and comprised 404 subjects. Two raters underwent previous training and scored the subjects’ CDT according to both the Pfizer and Shulman systems. The inter-observer and intra-observer concordance within each method was analyzed with the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, as well as the concordance of the scores between the two methods. Age and scholarity were also correlated with the scores. Results: Most of the participants were women (93.8%) and Caucasian (84.6%), with a mean age of 66.9 (±7.8) years and a scholarity of 10.9 years (±5.6). There was significant inter-observer (Pfizer: r=0.739, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.727, p£0.001) and intra-observer correlation (Pfizer: rater 1, r=0.628, p≤0.001; rater 2, r=0.821, p≤0.001; Shulman: rater 1, r=0.843, p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.819; p≤0.001). Intra-observer correlation was also observed comparing Pfizer and Shulman methods (rater 1: r=0.744; p≤0.001; rater 2: r=0.702; p≤0.001). There was weak correlation of the scores with scholarity (Pfizer: r=0.283, p£0.001; Shulman: r=0.244, p£0.001) and age (Pfizer: r=-0.174, p£0.001; Shulman: r=-0.170, p£0.001). More participants were classified with decreased cognition through the Pfizer system (rater 1: 44.3 vs. 26.5%; rater 2: 42.1 vs. 16.3%; p≤0.001). Conclusions: For this population, our results suggest that the Pfizer system of scoring CDT is more suitable for screening cognitive decline.

Jumputan Batik for The Family of PKK RW 02 Kelurahan Baktijaya, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Depok

Batik is a craft that has high artistic value and has become part of Indonesian culture which is a legacy of the ancestors of the Indonesian nation which has been widely known in the world. The potential of batik can be used to foster interest in the archipelago's literature, as a historical heritage that is still admired by all levels of society. One of the relics that is also strategic to be developed is wastra jumputan. One of the easier and faster batik fabrics to make and will be easily learned by the public. This jumputan batik training was applied to the families of RW 02 PKK women, Baktijaya Village, Sukmajaya District, Depok. This jumputan batik training was a follow-up to the previous training which was only held at the RT level. Through training with video recording tutorials and online methods, it will be one method of growing public interest in recognizing and developing the potential of Indonesian literature without having to meet in person. The results of the training show that the most prominent interest in jumputan batik is the motifs it produces. Various motifs can be produced with several manufacturing techniques that are relatively easy to master by the trainees. With the Covid-19 pandemic, this batik training is not like before, which is in one place but at home each and also followed by the families of PKK mothers by following the instructions we have given. As the end result of this effort, people who initially did not know or had followed this method of making jumputan wastra, in just two hours the community could master it well in producing various jumputan cloth motifs.

The Changes in Training Teachers’ Roles Performance Following Academy-Classroom Practical Training Model

Academy-Classroom model is the most recent program adopted by the Ministry of Education in Israel for trainee teachers’ practical training. One of the model’s primary goals is to bridge the gap between the needs and the reality of the school in connection with how academic institutions prepare their teachers. The study aimed to research the role performance in training teachers following the Academy-Classroom model’s implementation, compared to their role under previous training plans, and to explore whether changes had taken place. Forty-four training teachers within the academy class framework took part in the study. All of them had worked as training teachers in previous models. The research was conducted using a mixed quantitative and qualitative research methodology. The findings show a broader integration of the training teachers in the process of preparing and qualifying the trainee students. The results demonstrate a statistically significant increase in the training teachers’ role performance in social perspective, training with a focus on a subject matter guidance, mentoring students with an emotional approach, and personal responsibility for training and qualifying the trainee students. Academy-Classroom model has resulted in a paradigmatic shift in the training teachers’ role and work methods.

PENTINGNYA MENGETAHUI PERBEDAAN HARGA POKOK PENJUALAN PERUSAHAAN DAGANG DAN MANUFAKTUR

The problem faced by partners, namely the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute, is that students do not understand in depth the topics regarding cost of goods sold, but for a company, both a company and a manufacturing company, the cost of goods sold is important. Lecturers of the Faculty of Economics and Tarumanagara University offer solutions by providing training on the cost of goods sold in trading companies, supporting direct material costs, supporting direct labor costs, factory overhead costs (indirect production), total manufacturing costs, cost of goods manufactured, and prices. of sales in a manufacturing company. The target of this training is for the students of the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute to understand the cost of goods sold in trading and manufacturing companies. First, a survey was conducted and based on the survey, in order to discuss material about partners regarding the cost of goods sold in trading and manufacturing. The topic this time is a continuation of previous community service activities. Students have received different topics from the previous training. Furthermore, the lecturer prepares material in the form of theories and examples of what will be given to students. Training for students of the Dharma Pembangunan Scholarship Institute was carried out online because there were still obstacles to the corona virus pandemic (Covid-19). It is hoped that with this training students can understand how to determine the cost of goods sold in a manufacturing company. The activity ended with making SENAPENMAS articles as mandatory outputs, articles in the PINTAR media as additional outputs, posters, final reports, and financial reports on activities that had been carried out. Permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra yaitu Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan adalah para siswa siswi belum memahami secara mendalam topik mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan padahal bagi sebuah perusahaan, baik perusahaan dagang maupun perusahaan manufaktur, penentuan harga pokok penjualan sangatlah penting. Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tarumanagara menawarkan solusi dengan memberikan pelatihan mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang, penentuan biaya bahan baku langsung, penentuan biaya tenaga kerja langsung, penentuan biaya overhead pabrik (biaya produksi tidak langsung), penentuan total biaya manufaktur, penentuan harga pokok produksi, dan penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan manufaktur. Target pelatihan ini adalah agar siswa siswi Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan dapat memahami penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang dan manufaktur. Pertama-tama dilakukan survei terlebih dahulu dan berdasarkan survei, mitra meminta agar dapat dibahas materi mengenai penentuan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan dagang dan manufaktur. Topik kali ini ialah kelanjutan dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sebelumnya. Siswa siswi sudah pernah mendapatkan topik yang berbeda dari pelatihan sebelumnya. Selanjutnya dosen mempersiapkan materi berupa teori maupun contoh soal yang akan diberikan kepada para siswa siswi. Pelatihan ke siswa siswi Lembaga Beasiswa Dharma Pembangunan dilakukan secara online dikarenakan masih ada kendala pandemi virus corona (Covid-19). Diharapkan dengan adanya pelatihan ini siswa siswi dapat memahami bagaimana menentukan harga pokok penjualan di perusahaan manufaktur. Kegiatan diakhiri dengan membuat artikel SENAPENMAS sebagai luaran wajib, artikel di media PINTAR sebagai luaran tambahan, poster, laporan akhir, dan laporan keuangan atas kegiatan yang telah dilakukan.

Risk Management of Training Services in PT MMK

One of the business training services that is rapidly grown is at the Occupational Health and Safety (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3)) training services. PT MMK is a K3 training service company that has been developed since 2016. However, PT MMK faces some risks in its business activities. There are various problems and potential risks faced by PT MMK, so it needs a business risk management observation. The research aimed to identify and analyze the level of risk faced by PT MMK by applying a quantitative method. The primary and secondary data were used. Sampling was carried out by using non-probability techniques with purposive sampling through the expert judgment approach. There were eight respondents in the research. Meanwhile, the applied analytical methods were Cochran analysis and Godfrey risk map. The result shows that based on four divisions, PT MMK has 30 internal risks and 8 external risks. There are 4 low-level risks, 14 moderate-level risks, 19 high-level risks, and 1 extreme-level risk. Based on the highest risks, PT MMK should do detailed budgeting, so there is no over cost based on the previous training budget. Moreover, the company can also expand its market share to the other companies by offering its training.

Disaster Response Among Hospital Nurses Dispatched To Evacuation Centers In And Beyond The Fukushima Prefecture

Introduction: Living in a shelter affects resident health, increasing mortality risk, making shelter management a crucial part of disaster response.Multiple stakeholders are involved in managing evacuation centers. However, little is known about the support needs of medical personnel within a disaster area. Methods: This study aimed to examine the role of nurses in this disaster response, including evacuation to shelters, and the challenges they faced, given the lack of previous training or experience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nurses who were affected by the nuclear power plant accident, and qualitative content analysis was conducted.Results: The challenges of shelter activities included the experience of being rebuffed by residents affected in the same area and the need to manage the conflict between the positions of victims and supporters. In addition, it was shown that by building support among staff and relationships between staff and residents, they were able to continue their difficult shelter activities. Many nurses expressed interest in disaster nursing, as their experiences of supporting people in disasters and evacuation centers provided them with hints for their nursing practice, and they applied the lessons learned from their evacuation center activities to their future disaster response.Discussion: To improve staff management of trauma, suitable training should be provided during “normal” times to strengthen staff relationships; in addition, clinical and community nurses should be afforded opportunities to understand each other’s roles to support disaster response.