scholarly journals An Efficient DOA Estimation Method for Passive Surveillance System Based on Troposcatter

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xinping Mi ◽  
Zan Liu ◽  
Xihong Chen ◽  
Qiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Doa Estimation ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Rank Deficiency ◽  
Noise Subspace ◽  
Passive Surveillance System

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation plays an important role in the passive surveillance system based on troposcatter. Rank deficiency and subspace leakage resulting from multipath propagation can deteriorate the performance of the DOA estimator. In this paper, characteristics of signals propagated by troposcatter are analyzed, and an efficient DOA estimation method is proposed. According to our new method, the invariance property of noise subspace (IPNS) is introduced as the main method. To provide precise noise subspace for INPS, forward and backward spatial smoothing (FBSS) is carried out to overcome rank deficiency. Subspace leakage is eliminated by a two-step scheme, and this process can also largely reduce the computational load of INPS. Numerical simulation results validate that our method has not only good resolution in condition of closely spaced signals but also superior performance in case of power difference.

TBE in Romania

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Territorial Expansion ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Risk Areas

Based on an epidemiological survey,1 human TBEV neuroinfections may have an endemic emergent course, and natural foci are in full territorial expansion. Identified risk areas are Tulcea district, Transylvania, at the base of the Carpathian Mountains and the Transylvanian Alps.2,3 TBE has been a notifiable disease since 1996. Surveillance of TBE is not done at the country level, only regionally in some counties (northern/central/western part, close to Hungary). The passive surveillance system was implemented in 2008. However, there is no regular screening and the relative risk of contracting this disease is unknown. In 1999, an outbreak of TBE in humans was recorded with a total of at least 38 human cases.4

scholarly journals HOSTED—England’s Household Transmission Evaluation Dataset: preliminary findings from a novel passive surveillance system of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hall ◽  
R J Harris ◽  
A Zaidi ◽  
S C Woodhall ◽  
G Dabrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
The North ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Evaluation Dataset ◽  
Households With Children ◽  
Lower Transmission

Abstract Background Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is an important component of the community spread of the pandemic. Little is known about the factors associated with household transmission, at the level of the case, contact or household, or how these have varied over the course of the pandemic. Methods The Household Transmission Evaluation Dataset (HOSTED) is a passive surveillance system linking laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases to individuals living in the same household in England. We explored the risk of household transmission according to: age of case and contact, sex, region, deprivation, month and household composition between April and September 2020, building a multivariate model. Results In the period studied, on average, 5.5% of household contacts in England were diagnosed as cases. Household transmission was most common between adult cases and contacts of a similar age. There was some evidence of lower transmission rates to under-16s [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66–0.74). There were clear regional differences, with higher rates of household transmission in the north of England and the Midlands. Less deprived areas had a lower risk of household transmission. After controlling for region, there was no effect of deprivation, but houses of multiple occupancy had lower rates of household transmission [aOR 0.74 (0.66–0.83)]. Conclusions Children are less likely to acquire SARS-CoV-2 via household transmission, and consequently there was no difference in the risk of transmission in households with children. Households in which cases could isolate effectively, such as houses of multiple occupancy, had lower rates of household transmission. Policies to support the effective isolation of cases from their household contacts could lower the level of household transmission.

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine Adverse Events in Victoria, Australia: Analysis of Reports to an Enhanced Passive Surveillance System

Drug Safety ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazel J. Clothier ◽  
Laine Hosking ◽  
Nigel W. Crawford ◽  
Melissa Russell ◽  
Mee Lee Easton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Passive Surveillance System

scholarly journals AEFIs active surveillance projects as vaccinovigilance traineeship: Puglia (Italy) experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Stefanizzi ◽  
V Bavaro ◽  
G Spinelli ◽  
D Anona ◽  
P Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Causality Assessment ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFIs) is a crucial part of vaccination strategies because the most important concern of “No-vax group” is the safety of vaccination. According to UE laws, in Italy a passive surveillance system of AEFIs is established by law and managed by National Drug Authority (AIFA) and Regional Health Governments. The performance of surveillance system is different in the 21 Italian Regions and in some Region, such as Puglia, the AEFIs reporting rate has been, for several years, lower than National figure. The implementation of AEFIs active surveillance projects could increase the performance of AEFIs surveillance system, also after the end of the project. In Puglia, since 2017, May to 2018, November, an active surveillance of AEFIs has been established, focused on MMRV vaccine. In this study, we analysed the AEFIs general picture in Puglia in 2016 and 2019, before and after active surveillance project. The source of data is the AIFA database; data were reported as number of AEFI and rate for Puglia population (reporting rate RR). The AEFIs were classified as serious, not serious and unclassifiable and causality assessment was performed according to WHO recommendations. The number of AEFIs detected by the passive surveillance system is 91 for 2016 (RR 2,2 per 100.000 people), and 168 for 2019 (RR 4,2 per 100.000 people). The percentage of serious AEFIs was 23.1% (21/91) in 2016 and 31% (52/168) in 2019 and unclassifiable AEFIs were 22% (20/91) in 2016 and 0 in 2019. The percentage of serious AEFIs for which the result of causality assessment was “consistent” is 23,8% (5/21) in 2016 and 55,8% (29/52) in 2019. The experience of AEFIs active surveillance project increase the performance of AEFIs surveillance system. From 2016 (pre-project time) to 2019 (post-project time) the number of AEFIs detected was doubled, the number of unclassifiable AEFIs (proxy of poor reliability of the system) was reduced to zero. Key messages AEFIs passive surveillance system could be affected by underreporting and lack of quality. The AEFIs active surveillance project are an important occasion of traineeship for vaccinovigilance system, that could increase the sensibility and the reliability.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-505
Author(s):  
James K. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Toxic Shock Syndrome ◽  
Personal Communication ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Toxic Shock ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Passive Surveillance System ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Over Time

The above letter suggests that some women are prompted to change their tampon use practices based upon knowledge of toxic shock syndrome. The general trends recited here are commensurate with other observations across the country. Others have observed that over time some of these women will revert back to the use of tampons as publicity about toxic shock syndrome wanes. Although the Center for Disease Control (CDC) has claimed that the incidence of toxic shock syndrome has decreased,1 they have a passive surveillance system and data from other, more complete, active surveillance programs (Michael Osterholm, personal communication) suggest that no decrease has occurred.

Enhancement of Passive Surveillance System for Airport Surface Movement

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
pp. 1088-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Kakubari ◽  
Tadashi Koga ◽  
Hiromi Miyazaki ◽  
Hiroki Shimada ◽  
Shiro Nihei
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Surface Movement ◽  
Passive Surveillance System
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