scholarly journals Effect of Lanthanum Cerium Cysteine on Cure Characteristics, Mechanical Properties, and Thermooxidative Aging for Natural Rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wentao Zhang ◽  
Zhaogang Liu ◽  
Shuai Li ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Yanhong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Multifunctional Additive ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization

In this work, a novel additive lanthanum cerium cysteine (LC-Cys), with the molecular formula La0.35Ce0.65(Cys)3Cl3·3H2O, was successfully synthesized through complex decomposition reaction of L-Cysteine and chlorinated rare earths. The effects of additive LC-Cys on cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and thermooxidative aging were investigated. LC-Cys as a multifunctional additive was applied to increase the curing rate and reduce the content of zinc oxide in the presence of the sulfur vulcanization system. It was found that the vulcanizates filled with (5ZnO/2LC-Cys) exhibited the highest modulus, which indirectly indicated the high crosslink and stiffness of the vulcanizates. Moreover, the vulcanizates with LC-Cys showed excellent mechanical properties and resistance to thermooxidative aging. Compared to NR composites filled with normal ZnO, LC-Cys even enhanced the mechanical strength and thermooxidative aging properties with 40% lower ZnO addition.

Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanograins on Properties of Epoxidized Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2017 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 79-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudeerat Suntako
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Permanent Set

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanograins are synthesized by precipitation method filled epoxidized natural rubber compared to conventional ZnO. The synthesized ZnO nanograins are characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and found that average primary size of ZnO synthesized around 40 nm and the specific surface area of 28.72 m2 g-1. Furthermore, the cure characteristics, rubber mechanical properties and permanent set were investigated. The obtained results are found that the ZnO nanograins significantly affected to cure characteristics, rubber mechanical properties and permanent set. This is due to small grain size and large specific surface area.

Study on sulfur vulcanized natural rubber formulated with nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide/tertiary butyl benzothiazole sulphenamide binary accelerator system

2020 ◽  
pp. 147776062097749
Author(s):  
IHK Samarasinghe ◽  
S Walpalage ◽  
DG Edirisinghe ◽  
SM Egodage
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Study Behavior ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Accelerator System

An outstanding interest on elimination of nitrosamine generation in traditional sulfur vulcanization systems has led to introduce nitrosamine safe accelerator/s to produce safe natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates. It is an effective way to prevent formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds during manufacture of rubber products. In the present study, behavior of nitrosamine safe binary accelerator system consisting of diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide (DIXP) with commonly used non-regulated accelerator N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (TBBS) was investigated in efficient sulfur vulcanization of NR. Cure characteristics, physico-mechanical properties and crosslink density of vulcanizates prepared with different combinations of the accelerator system were evaluated and compared with those of individual accelerators. The study reveals that moduli and strength properties of the vulcanizate prepared with DIXP accelerator are inferior to those of the vulcanizate prepared with TBBS accelerator. Nevertheless, optimum cure time of the DIXP compounds is lower in comparison to TBBS compounds. Moreover, progressive replacement of DIXP with TBBS in the accelerator system showed a synergistic effect in regard to cure characteristics and physico-mechanical properties.

Cure Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber/Organoclay Nanocomposites

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Teh ◽  
Z. A. Mohd Ishak ◽  
U. S. Ishiaku ◽  
J. Karger–Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics

Effect of Sulfur and Dicumyl Peroxide on Vulcanization of Natural Rubber with Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide and Zinc Oxide

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1294-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Manik ◽  
S. Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide ◽  
Sulfur Vulcanization ◽  
Salient Features

Abstract The salient features of both non-elemental sulfur vulcanization by TMTD and elemental sulfur vulcanization promoted by TMTD both in presence and absence of ZnO and stearic acid have been studied. TMTD increases the rate of DCP decomposition and lowers the crosslinking maxima due to DCP depending on its concentration. However, with higher amounts of TMTD the initial rate of crosslinking is increased with the increased amount of TMTD, while crosslinking maxima are still lowered due to reversion. ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid, however, seems to alter the entire course of the reaction. Both the crosslink formation and TMTD decomposition are much higher in presence of ZnO or ZnO-stearic acid, but stearic acid seems to have no effect. The reaction mechanisms for TMTD accelerated sulfuration in absence and presence of ZnO have also been studied.

Cure characteristics and mechanical properties of hydrogenated natural rubber/natural rubber blends

2009 ◽  
Vol 111 (6) ◽  
pp. 2813-2821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hinchiranan ◽  
W. Lertweerasirikun ◽  
W. Poonsawad ◽  
G. L. Rempel ◽  
P. Prasassarakich
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Cure Characteristics

Kinetics of Peroxide Vulcanization of Natural Rubber

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejitha Rajan ◽  
Siby Varghese ◽  
K.E. George
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslinking Agent ◽  
Decomposition Reaction ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Residual ◽  
Vulcanization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study was undertaken to optimize the vulcanization conditions and explore the effect of residual peroxide in the peroxide vulcanization of natural rubber. The study was followed through the kinetics of the vulcanization reaction at various temperatures viz. 150,155,160 and 165°C. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) was used as the crosslinking agent. The Monsanto Rheometer was used to investigate the different crosslinking stages and vulcanization kinetics. The thermal decomposition of peroxide followed a first order free radical decomposition reaction. Half-lives at various temperatures were determined. The percentage of residual peroxide was calculated from the cure kinetic data. The effect of residual peroxide on mechanical properties was studied at various peroxide levels and also by extending the cure time (from t90 to t95 and then to t100). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus and compression set (70 and 100°C) were measured. Excess peroxide was found to cause a high compression set at elevated temperature and the cure time was selected to achieve minimum residual peroxide in the product. Results indicate that peroxide concentration is the dominant factor controlling the crosslink density and hence the properties of the vulcanizates.

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