Cortisol Secretion and Subsequent Impaired Lymphopoiesis after Starvation Can Be Reduced by Moxibustion Treatment

As a known steroid hormone, cortisol is involved in gluconeogenesis. Uninterrupted cortisol secretion has fatal effects, both physically and psychologically, because cortisol counteracts the immune response. Moxibustion (Mox) treatment is a traditional technique used in East Asia, which therapeutically transfers heat to certain points on the body surface. In the present study, the effect of Mox treatment on stress hormone secretion was investigated using a mouse model of starvation, in which Mox was applied on the Zhongwan acupoint (CV12). First, high cortisol levels induced by starvation were dose-dependently reduced by Mox treatment. In addition, the stress-induced decline in lymphoid progenitor cell production accompanied by altered cellularity in the thymus, bone marrow, and spleen was also significantly recovered by Mox treatment. Taken together, these findings indicated that Mox treatment reduces stress hormone secretion, which may rescue stress-induced lymphopoiesis impairment. These observations also suggested that enhanced resistance to stress may be one of the mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory effects of Mox treatment.

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Cortisol – inspection in the physiology and stress

Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7553 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36

Author(s):

Nikola Musiała ◽

Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽

Dorota Olszewska-Słonina

Keyword(s):

Wide Spectrum ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Laboratory Diagnosis ◽

The Body ◽

Stress Hormone ◽

Renal Handling ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Neurotransmitter Secretion ◽

Fatty Acids Metabolism ◽

System Functioning

Cortisol, also called “the” stress hormone is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. This hormone plays a significant role in maintaining homeostasis, according to the body’s total stress. Cortisol interferes with many organs, affects glucose and fatty acids metabolism and neurotransmitter secretion. Predominantly, cortisol influences the carbohydrate metabolism, stimulating gluconeogenesis in the liver and inhibiting glucose utilization in peripheral tissues. As it is an element “fight or flight” it also stimulates central nervous system and enhances blood flow. To some extent cortisol influences also the renal handling of electrolytes, namely: increasing sodium resorption, and renal excretion of potassium, calcium and phosphates. Through its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive character this glucocorticoid modulates the immune system functioning. Cortisol has a circadian rhythm following ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) secretion. Increased cortisol levels are observed physiologically during stress and pathologically in Cushing’s syndrome. Chronic hypercortisolism is harmful or the body, and its effects present an extremely wide spectrum, including insulin resistance, obesity, insomnia and even depression. Thus, laboratory diagnosis of cortisol level is important for the diagnosis, monitoring and evaluate the effectiveness of hypercortisolism treatment.

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Increased FDG bone marrow uptake after intracoronary progenitor cell therapy

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1623921 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 44 (01) ◽

pp. 15-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Menzel ◽

M. Diehl ◽

N. Hamscho ◽

K. Zaplatnikov ◽

F. Grünwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Therapy Monitoring ◽

Standardized Uptake Value ◽

Pet Therapy ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Bone Marrow Uptake ◽

Pet Scanning ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Nicotine Consumption

SummaryPatients with coronary artery disease who undergo FDG PET for therapy monitoring after intracoronary progenitor cell infusion (PCT) show an increased bone marrow up-take in some cases. Aim of the study was to evaluate the systemic bone marrow glucose metabolism in this patient group after PCT. Patients, methods: FDG bone marrow uptake (BMU), measured as standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the thoracic spine, was retrospectively evaluated in 23 control patients who did not receive PCT and in 75 patients who received PCT 3 ± 2.2 days before PET scanning. Five out of them were pretreated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) 5 days prior to PCT and 10 ± 1.2 days before PET scanning. In 39 patients who received only PCT without G-CSF and underwent PET therapy monitoring 4 months later, baseline and follow up bone marrow uptake were measured. Leucocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the influence of nicotine consumption were compared with the BMU. Results: In patients (n = 70) who received PCT without G-CSF, BMU median (1.3) was slightly, but significantly higher than in the controls (1.0) (p = 0.02) regardless nicotine consumption. BMU did not change significantly 4 months later (1.2) (p = 0.41, n.s.). After G-CSF pretreatment, patients showed a significantly higher bone marrow uptake (3.7) compared to patients only treated with PCT (1.3) (p = 0.023). Leucocyte blood levels were significantly higher in patients with a BMU ≥ 2.5 compared to patients with a bone marrow SUVmax < 2.5 (p <0.001). CRP values did not correlate with the BMU (rho -0.02, p = 0.38). Conclusion: Monitoring PCT patients, a slightly increased FDG BMU may be observed which remains unchanged for several months. Unspecific bone marrow reactions after PCT may be associated with increased leucocyte blood levels and play a role in the changed systemic glucose BMU.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vesicle-Mediated Steroid Hormone Secretion in Drosophila melanogaster.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725917082.793513000 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Thierry Galli

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormone Secretion

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Bone Marrow Niches for Skeletal Progenitor Cells and their Inhabitants in Health and Disease

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x14666190123161447 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 305-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marietta Herrmann ◽

Franz Jakob

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Progenitor Cells ◽

Progenitor Cell ◽

Adult Stem Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Surface Markers ◽

Bone Marrow Niches

The bone marrow hosts skeletal progenitor cells which have most widely been referred to as Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells possessing the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. A consensus agreement on minimal criteria has been suggested to define MSCs in vitro, including adhesion to plastic, expression of typical surface markers and the ability to differentiate towards the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages but they are critically discussed since the differentiation capability of cells could not always be confirmed by stringent assays in vivo. However, these in vitro characteristics have led to the notion that progenitor cell populations, similar to MSCs in bone marrow, reside in various tissues. MSCs are in the focus of numerous (pre)clinical studies on tissue regeneration and repair.Recent advances in terms of genetic animal models enabled a couple of studies targeting skeletal progenitor cells in vivo. Accordingly, different skeletal progenitor cell populations could be identified by the expression of surface markers including nestin and leptin receptor. While there are still issues with the identity of, and the overlap between different cell populations, these studies suggested that specific microenvironments, referred to as niches, host and maintain skeletal progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Dynamic mutual interactions through biological and physical cues between niche constituting cells and niche inhabitants control dormancy, symmetric and asymmetric cell division and lineage commitment. Niche constituting cells, inhabitant cells and their extracellular matrix are subject to influences of aging and disease e.g. via cellular modulators. Protective niches can be hijacked and abused by metastasizing tumor cells, and may even be adapted via mutual education. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on bone marrow skeletal progenitor cell niches in physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss the plasticity and dynamics of bone marrow niches as well as future perspectives of targeting niches for therapeutic strategies.

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Gonadal steroid hormone secretion during the juvenile period depends on host-specific microbiota and contributes to the development of odor preference

Developmental Psychobiology ◽

10.1002/dev.21827 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 61 (5) ◽

pp. 670-678 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Itsuka Kamimura ◽

Akiyuki Watarai ◽

Takuma Takamura ◽

Atsushi Takeo ◽

Kyoko Miura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Gonadal Steroid ◽

Juvenile Period ◽

Odor Preference

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Hematological and toxicological evaluation of formaldehyde as a potential cause of human leukemia

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327110381682 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (7) ◽

pp. 725-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Bernard D Goldstein

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽

Species Difference ◽

The Body ◽

Myelogenous Leukemia ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Human Leukemia ◽

Toxicological Evaluation ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Hematological Cancers

Epidemiological findings suggesting that formaldehyde exposure is associated with a higher risk of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and other hematological cancers have led to consideration of the potential mechanism of action by which inhalation of this rapidly reactive agent can cause bone marrow cancer. Two major mechanism-based arguments against formaldehyde as a leukemogen have been the difficulty in envisioning how inhaled formaldehyde might penetrate to the bone marrow; and the lack of similarity of non-cancer effects to other known human myeloleukemogens, particularly the absence of pancytopenia in humans or laboratory animals exposed to high levels. However, both of these arguments have been addressed by the recent finding of a pancytopenic effect and chromosomal abnormalities in heavily exposed Chinese workers which, if replicated, are indicative of a genotoxic effect of formaldehyde on hematopoietic stem cells that is in keeping with other known human leukemogens. Review of the body of evidence suggests an apparent discrepancy between studies in laboratory animals, which generally fail to show evidence of penetration of formaldehyde into the blood or evidence of blood or bone marrow genotoxicity, and studies of exposed humans in which there tends to be evidence of genotoxicity in circulating blood cells. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is species difference. Another possible explanation is that myeloid precursors within the nasal mucosa may be the site for leukemogenesis. However, chloromas, which are local collections of myeloid tumor cells, are rarely if ever found in the nose. Other proposed mechanisms for formaldehyde leukemogenesis are reviewed, and dose issues at the interface between the epidemiological and hematotoxicological findings are explored.

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