Factors Associated with Glycaemic Control among Diabetic Patients Managed at an Urban Hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) epidemic is rising in Vietnam. Identifying associated factors with glycaemic control in patients with T2DM is vital to improve treatment outcomes. This study is aimed at examining the uncontrolled glycaemic level of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at an urban hospital in Hanoi, Vietnam, and determining associated factors. An observational longitudinal cohort survey was performed among T2DM patients. Glycaemic control was evaluated by using the HbA 1 c level ≥ 6.5 % or fasting blood glucose level ≥ 7.5 g / mmol . Information about sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics was collected. Multivariate mixed-effects logistic regression was employed to identify associated factors with control glycaemic level conditions. Among 189 T2DM patients, 70.4% had an uncontrolled glycaemic level. A higher number of comorbidities were associated with a lower likelihood of having uncontrolled glycaemic levels ( OR = 0.71 , p < 0.001 , 95 % CI = 0.52 − 0.98 ). Meanwhile, a higher body mass index ( OR = 1.15 , p < 0.05 , 95 % CI = 1.02 − 1.29 ), higher initial HbA1C ( OR = 3.75 , p < 0.01 , 95 % CI = 2.59 − 5.44 ), and higher initial fasting blood glucose levels ( OR = 1.57 , p < 0.01 , 95 % CI = 1.29 − 1.90 ) were positively associated with a higher risk of uncontrolled glycaemic levels. This study reveals that poor glycaemic control was common among T2DM patients in the urban hospital in Vietnam. Findings underlined the need for appropriate management strategies to control glycaemic levels and weight in this population.

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Enhanced Plasma H2S Levels Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12532 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pinaki Saha ◽

Piyasa Banerjee ◽

Prasenjit Pal ◽

Lakshmisona Auddya ◽

Santanu Sen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Introduction: A number of recent literatures suggest a potential role of H2S and H2S modifying agents in the etiology and management of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Objective: The current study was aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of H2S in the patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus and to find out if there is any relationship of H2S concentrations with the fasting blood glucose levels. Methods: Plasma H2S levels were measured in sixty two recently diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and compared with similar number of healthy volunteers as controls. Results: The plasma H2S level in the patients ( 81.17 ± 16.40 micromol/l ) is significantly higher (P< 0.001) than the healthy controls (50.69 ± 8.69 micromol/l) and the H2S levels in plasma have significant positive correlation (r= 0.359, P=0.004) with fasting blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The present study has elucidated that the patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated plasma H2S levels which are well correlated with glucose levels. This reveals a potential the role of H2S modulators towards the management of this non-communicable epidemic disorder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12532Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 11-15

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Study on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20192239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 786

Author(s):

Eda Dayakar ◽

C. Sathya Sree ◽

E. Sanjay

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a common health problem globally. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor to develop cardiovascular disease in diabetics. They present study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods: The present study was a cross sectional study consisting of 46 (23 male and 23 female) known type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI) was recorder in all the diabetic patients. Fasting blood glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were measured using standard methods and recorded.Results: The average total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL and VLDL were 200±42mg/dl, 169.62±89.79mg/dl, 132.45±36.38mg/dl,39.1±16.6mg/dl and 35.85±17.09mg/dl respectively. The incidence of occurrence of hypercholesterolemia was 58.6% and hypertriglyceridemia 36.9%. Increased levels of LDL were observed in 30 (65.2%) patients and reduced HDL was observed in 43 (93.4%) patients. The incidence rate of dyslipidaemia was higher in female diabetic patients when compared to male diabetic patients.Conclusions: Awareness on the dyslipidaemia and its risk factors should be provided to the type 2 diabetic patients as they are more prone to get cardiovascular disease and lipid profile also should be monitored regularly along with blood glucose levels.

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SODIUM-GLUCOSE LINKED COTRANSPORTER 2 INHIBITOR: A NEW HORIZON IN THE TREATMENT OF TYPE-2 DIABETES

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2021.v14i3.39667 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-48

Author(s):

REKHA BISHT

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽

Glucose Reabsorption ◽

Glycemic Targets

Hyperglycemia is a key therapeutic focus in the management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus. The various therapeutic classes of antidiabetic drugs presently existing in the market are not sufficiently effective in maintaining long-term glycemic control in most of the diabetic patients, even when used in combination. The undesirable adverse effects of these drugs, such as hypoglycemia, weight gain, and hepatic and renal toxicity, have escalated the demand for the discovery of new and safer antidiabetic drugs. The progressive nature of T2D requires practitioners to periodically evaluate patients and intensify glucose-lowering treatment once glycemic targets are not attained. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-is) are the new class of antidiabetic medications that are approved (2013) by the Food and Drug Administration recently for treating diabetes. These inhibitors block the SGLT2 protein involved in glucose reabsorption from the proximal renal tubule resulting in escalated glucose excretion and lower blood glucose levels. These inhibitors exhibit favorable effects beyond glucose control, such as consistent body weight, blood pressure, and serum uric acid reductions. This review highlighted the brief updates of SGLT2-i, their benefits, and adverse effects.

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Nocturnal Glucose Metabolism after Bedtime Injection of Insulin Glargine or Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2007-2871 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (10) ◽

pp. 3839-3846 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Thomas Linn ◽

Britta Fischer ◽

Nedim Soydan ◽

Michael Eckhard ◽

Julia Ehl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Insulin Glargine ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Nph Insulin ◽

Double Blind ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn

Aims/Hypothesis: Insulin glargine is a long-acting human insulin analog often administered at bedtime to patients with type 2 diabetes. It reduces fasting blood glucose levels more efficiently and with less nocturnal hypoglycemic events compared with human neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin. Therefore, bedtime injections of insulin glargine and NPH insulin were compared overnight and in the morning. Methods: In 10 type 2 diabetic patients, euglycemic clamps were performed, including [6,6′]2H2 glucose, to study the rate of disappearance (Rd) and endogenous production (EGP) of glucose during the night. On separate days at bedtime (2200 h), patients received a sc injection of insulin glargine, NPH insulin, or saline in a randomized, double-blind fashion. Results: Similar doses of both insulins had different metabolic profiles. NPH insulin had a greater effect on both Rd and EGP in the night compared with insulin glargine. By contrast, in the morning, insulin glargine was more effective, increasing Rd by 5.8 μmol/kg−1·min−1 (95% confidence interval 4.7–6.9) and reducing EGP −5.7 (−5.0 to −6.4) compared with NPH insulin. Nearly 80% of the glucose lowering effect in the morning was due to insulin glargine’s reduction of EGP. Its injection was associated with one-third lower morning glucagon levels compared with NPH insulin (P = 0.021). Conclusion/Interpretation: Nocturnal variations of EGP and Rd explain the reduced incidence of hypoglycemia and lower fasting glucose levels reported for insulin glargine compared with human NPH insulin.

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Cadmium Exposure Decreases Fasting Blood Glucose Levels and Exacerbates Type-2 Diabetes in a Mouse Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-956445/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mengyang Li ◽

Shuai Wang ◽

Xiuxiu Liu ◽

Zhijie Sheng ◽

Bingyan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Group ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Hepatic Enzymes ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Cd Exposure

Abstract Purpose Although the effects of cadmium (Cd) on the development of diabetes have been extensively investigated, the relationship between Cd exposure and the severity of established diabetes is unclear. Herein, we investigate the effects of long-term exposure to Cd in a streptozotocin-induced mouse model of type 2 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Methods C57BL/6 Mice were divided into the following four groups: 1) control group; 2) Cd-exposed group; 3) diabetic group; 4) Cd-exposed diabetic group. Cd exposure was established by the administration of 155 ppm CdCl2 in drinking water. After 25 weeks of treatment, serum fasting glucose and insulin were measured. Meanwhile, the liver and pancreas specimens were sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and eosin. Gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, lactate concentration and fibrosis in liver were evaluated. Results Clinical signs attributable to diabetes were more apparent in Cd-exposed diabetic mice. Interestingly, Cd exposure significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic group. We further demonstrated that the glycolysis related hepatic enzymes, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM-2) and lactic dehydrogenase A (LDHA) were both increased, while the gluconeogenesis related hepatic enzymes, phosphoenolpyruvate-1 (PCK-1) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) were both decreased in Cd exposed diabetic mice, indicating that Cd increased glycolysis and inhibited gluconeogenesis in diabetic model. Moreover, lactate accumulation was noted accompanied by the increased inflammation and fibrosis in the livers of diabetic mice following Cd exposure. Conclusions Cd exposure disturbed glucose metabolism and exacerbated diabetes, providing a biological relevance that DM patients are at greater risk when exposed to Cd.

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Revealing the Hypoglycemic Effects and Mechanism of GABA-Rich Germinated Adzuki Beans on T2DM Mice by Untargeted Serum Metabolomics

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.791191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xiujie Jiang ◽

Qingpeng Xu ◽

Aiwu Zhang ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Zhijiang Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Public Attention ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases, and exploring strategies to prevent and treat diabetes has become extremely important. In recent decades the search for new therapeutic strategies for T2DM involving dietary interventions has attracted public attention. We established a diabetic mouse model by feeding mice a high-fat diet combined with injection of low-dose streptozotocin, intending to elucidate the effects and possible mechanisms of different dosages of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-rich germinated adzuki beans on the treatment of diabetes in mice. The mice were treated for 6 weeks either with increasing doses of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans, with non-germinated adzuki beans, with GABA, or with the positive control drug metformin. Then, the blood glucose levels and blood lipid biochemical indicators of all the mice were measured. At the same time, serum differential metabolite interactions were explored by UPLC-Q/TOF-MS-based serum metabolomic analysis. The results showed that body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). We also report improved levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and serum creatinine. We observed a significant improvement in the homeostasis model assessment of the beta cell function and insulin resistance (HOMA-β and HOMA-IR) scores (P < 0.05) in the group of mice treated with the highest dose of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans. In addition, the metabolic profiles of the serum were analyzed, and 31 differential metabolites including amino acids and lipids were obtained. According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis, this was found to be correlated with nine significantly enriched metabolic pathways involving the up-regulation of levels of L-serine, SM (d18:1/22:1(13Z)), L-histidine, creatine, and 3-indoleacetic acid. Our data suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of GABA-enriched germinated adzuki beans on diabetic mice may be related to improving tryptophan metabolism, glycerol phospholipid metabolism, sphingosline metabolism, and the glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathways. This study provides a reference for the application of GABA-enriched germinated foods in type 2 diabetes and could provide a cue for searching biomarkers to be adopted for T2DM diagnosis.

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Meditation Programs for Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Manxue Mei ◽

◽

Min Jiang ◽

Zunjiang Li ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Review Question

Review question / Objective: Would meditation programs affect fasting blood glucose levels and HbA(1c) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus? Would meditation programs intervention be of benefit for remission of depression and anxiety level? Would meditation programs improve quality of life of individuals with type 2 diabetes？ Do meditation programs affect body mass index (BMI), serum lipid levels and level of blood pressure? Which type of meditation programs is better for type 2 diabetes patients? Are there any differences of efficacy among different meditation programs? To provide valid evidence for the effect of meditation programs for type 2 diabetes by synthesizing and comparing outcomes from clinical trials. Main outcome(s): The outcomes include fasting blood glucose levels and HbA(1c).

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