scholarly journals Serum IL-1β, IL-2, and IL-6 in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Children

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasar Dogan ◽  
Saadet Akarsu ◽  
Bilal Ustundag ◽  
Erdal Yilmaz ◽  
Metin Kaya Gurgoze
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Pancreatic Islets Of Langerhans ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is a chronic disease characterized by T-cell-dependent autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producingβcells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, resulting in an absolute lack of insulin. T cells are activated in response to islet-dominant autoantigens, the result being the development of IDDM. Insulin is one of the islet autoantigens responsible for the activation of T-lymphocyte functions, inflammatory cytokine production, and development of IDDM. The aim of this study was to investigate serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin children IDDM. The study population consisted of 27 children with IDDM and 25 healthy controls. Children with IDDM were divided into three subgroups: (1) previously diagnosed patients (long standing IDDM) (n:15), (2) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (before treatment) (n:12), and (3) newly diagnosed patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (after treatment for two weeks) (n:12). In all stages of diabetes higher levels of IL-1βand TNF-αand lower levels of IL-2 and IL-6 were detected. Our data about elevated serum IL-1β, TNF-αand decreased IL-2, IL-6 levels in newly diagnosed IDDM patients in comparison with longer standing cases supports an activation of systemic inflammatory process during early phases of IDDM which may be indicative of an ongoingβ-cell destruction. Persistence of significant difference between the cases with IDDM monitored for a long time and controls in terms of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-αsupports continuous activation during the late stages of diabetes.

Cerebral Edema and Ophthalmoplegia Reversed by Mannitol in a New Case of Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Bonita Franklin ◽  
John Liu ◽  
Fredda Ginsberg-Fellner
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Continuous Insulin Infusion

Cerebral edema is a sometimes fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis which occurs unpredictably and when biochemical parameters show improvement. A case of a young, newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic boy who developed this complication while receiving a low-dose continuous insulin infusion is reported. Two hours after treatment signs of headache, ophthalmoplegia, and blurred disc margins suggested early cerebral edema. Despite fluid restriction, avoidance of alkali, and phosphate supplementation, cerebral edema ensued three hours later. This complication was then reversed by administration of mannitol. Our patient's ophthalmoplegia, unlike typical diabetic ophthalmoplegia, improved immediately and completely resolved within two weeks after this episode. It is concluded that the use of mannitol in the cerebral edema of diabetic ketoacidosis is beneficial if it is instituted promptly.

Methamphetamine use and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002580242110209
Author(s):  
Daniel Lewis ◽  
Corinna van den Heuvel ◽  
Michaela Kenneally ◽  
Roger W Byard
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening condition arising in individuals with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, associated with hyperglycaemia and hyperketonaemia. While drugs such as methadone, cocaine and certain prescription medications may precipitate DKA, the potential effect of methamphetamine is unclear. Analysis of autopsy and toxicology case files at Forensic Science SA, Adelaide, South Australia, was therefore undertaken from 1 January to 31 December 2019 of all cases where methamphetamine was detected in post-mortem blood samples. There were 94 cases with 11 diabetics ( n = 6 type 1 and n = 5 type 2). Four of the six decedents with type 1 diabetes had lethal DKA (66.7%; age range 30–54 years; average age 44.6 ± 10.5 years; M:F ratio 1:1). This incidence of DKA was higher than that of the general insulin-dependent diabetic population (6%) and also significantly higher than in medico-legal cases (13%; p < 0.05). The clinical and autopsy assessment of insulin-dependent diabetics presenting with DKA should therefore include specific screening for methamphetamine. The increase in both insulin-dependent diabetes and methamphetamine abuse in the community may lead to increases in such cases in medico-legal and health contexts.

scholarly journals A trial of nicotinamide in newly diagnosed patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus

Diabetologia ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 444-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Chase ◽  
N. Butler-Simon ◽  
S. Garg ◽  
M. McDuffie ◽  
S. L. Hoops ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Children and the Role of Outpatient Management

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Peter Chase ◽  
Satish K. Garg ◽  
David H. Jelley
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intravenous Insulin ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common complication among children with diabetes, accounting for 14% to 31% of all diabetes-related hospital admissions.1,2 Extrapolation of data from the National Commission on Diabetes3 suggests that there are approximately 160 000 admissions to private hospitals each year in the United States for DKA. The cost of hospitalizations for DKA is over one billion dollars annually. Sixty-five percent of all patients admitted are less than 19 years of age. The incidence of DKA is believed to be declining. However, because the numbers of subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is increasing, the absolute number of hospitalizations for DKA is still increasing. It is the single most common cause of death in diabetic patients under 24 years of age.2 The treatment of DKA has changed in recent years, particularly with the use of low-dose continuous intravenous insulin infusion and with the availability of blood pH levels. Severe DKA has been defined as "a state of ketoacidosis with serum bicarbonate decreased to 10 mmol/L or less," or more recently, as a "pH of 7.1 or less."4 The mortality from DKA has been reported to be in the range of 0.5 to 15.4%.3,5 Previous mortality figures were as high as 38%.2

Attempted Suicide by Insulin Overdose in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Adolescents

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-528
Author(s):  
Yifrah Kaminer ◽  
Douglas R. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetic ◽  
Insulin Overdose

Two cases of attempted suicide by insulin overdose in adolescent girls with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were observed. It is possible that suicidal insulin overdose in adolescents is more common than reports suggest and that it may often be unrecognized.

scholarly journals Myocardial dysfunction associated with diabetic ketoacidosis in a 5-year-old girl

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1984779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjad Halloum ◽  
Shaikha Al Neyadi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inotropic Support ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
New Onset

In this study, we report a case of a 5-year-old girl with new onset of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, who presented with severe diabetic ketoacidosis associated with brain edema and severe myocardial dysfunction, needing intubation and inotropic support. To our knowledge, this is the youngest reported case with severe diabetic ketoacidosis complicated with myocardial dysfunction.

A Mentoring Program for Adolescents With Diabetes

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Emmett Blake
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Insulin Dependent

Adequate psychosocial support is a major factor in well-managed diabetes, especially with newly-diagnosed adolescents who face many life changes. A review of the literature shows that few psychosocial support systems exist for adolescents with diabetes. Few psychosocial interventions have been tested and shown to be effective in improving the diabetes-related behavior of adolescents. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the emotional and developmental needs of adolescents who are newly diagnosed with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and to propose a mentoring program that pairs a qualified, supportive young adult who is knowledgeable about diabetes with a newly diagnosed teenager with a similar socioeconomic background. The trained mentor will provide support to the adolescent regarding diabetes-related issues as well as other issues related to adolescence.

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