scholarly journals Tumor-Induced Pressure in the Bone Microenvironment Causes Osteocytes to Promote the Growth of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2151-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Sottnik ◽  
Jinlu Dai ◽  
Honglai Zhang ◽  
Brittany Campbell ◽  
Evan T. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Bone Microenvironment

scholarly journals Size Matters: Metastatic cluster size and stromal recruitment in the establishment of successful prostate cancer to bone metastases

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Araujo ◽  
Leah M. Cook ◽  
Conor C. Lynch ◽  
David Basanta
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Metastatic Colonization ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
The Us

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) impacts over 180,000 men every year in the US alone with 26,000 patients expected to succumb to the disease (cancer.gov). The primary cause of death is metastasis, with secondary lesions most commonly occurring in the skeleton. Prostate cancer to bone metastasis is an important yet poorly understood process that is difficult to explore with experimental techniques alone. To this end we have utilized a hybrid (discrete-continuum) cellular automata (HCA) model of normal bone matrix homeostasis that allowed us to investigate how metastatic PCa can disrupt the bone microenvironment. Our previously published results showed that PCa cells can recruit mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that give rise to bone building osteoblasts. MSCs are also thought to be complicit in the establishment of successful bone metastases (1). Here we have explored aspects of early metastatic colonization and shown that the size of PCa clusters needs to be within a specific range to become successfully established: sufficiently large to maximize success but not too large to risk failure through competition amongst cancer and stromal cells for scarce resources. Furthermore, we show that MSC recruitment can promote the establishment of a metastasis and compensate for relatively low numbers of PCa cells seeding the bone microenvironment. Combined, our results highlight the utility of computational models that capture the complex and dynamic dialogue between cells during the initiation of active metastases.

Computerized Tomography (CT) Updates and Challenges in Diagnosis of Bone Metastases During Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 565-571
Author(s):  
Jinguo Zhang ◽  
Guanzhong Zhai ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Zhenhe Liu
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Major Complication ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Pet Ct

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. This cancer is often associated with indolent tumors with little or no lethal potential. Some of the patients with aggressive prostate cancer have increased morbidity and early deaths. A major complication in advanced prostate cancer is bone metastasis that mainly results in pain, pathological fractures, and compression of spinal nerves. These complications in turn cause severe pain radiating to the extremities and possibly sensory as well as motor disturbances. Further, in patients with a high risk of metastases, treatment is limited to palliative therapies. Therefore, accurate methods for the detection of bone metastases are essential. Technical advances such as single-photon emission computed tomography/ computed tomography (SPECT/CT) have emerged after the introduction of bone scans. These advanced methods allow tomographic image acquisition and help in attenuation correction with anatomical co-localization. The use of positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT) scanners is also on the rise. These PET scanners are mainly utilized with 18F-sodium-fluoride (NaF), in order to visualize the skeleton and possible changes. Moreover, NaF PET/CT is associated with higher tracer uptake, increased target-to-background ratio and has a higher spatial resolution. However, these newer technologies have not been adopted in clinical guidelines due to lack of definite evidence in support of their use in bone metastases cases. The present review article is focused on current perspectives and challenges of computerized tomography (CT) applications in cases of bone metastases during prostate cancer.

Preclinical Quantification of Prostate Cancer-Associated Vascular Alterations in the Bone Microenvironment in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 188-200
Author(s):  
Malte Schroeder ◽  
Lennart Viezens ◽  
Jördis Sündermann ◽  
Svenja Hettenhausen ◽  
Gerrit Hauenherm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Blood Flow Velocity ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell ◽  
Bone Microenvironment ◽  
Prostate Cancer Cell Lines

Introduction: Prostate cancer has a special predilection to form bone metastases. Despite the known impact of the microvascular network on tumour growth and its dependence on the organ-specific microenvironment, the characteristics of the tumour vasculature in bone remain unknown. Methods: The cell lines LNCaP, DU145, and PC3 were implanted into the femurs of NSG mice to examine the microvascular properties of prostate cancer in bone. Tumour growth and the functional and morphological alterations of the microvasculature were analysed for 21 days in vivo using a transparent bone chamber and fluorescence microscopy. Results: Vascular density was significantly lower in tumour-bearing bone than in non-tumour-bearing bone, with a marked loss of small vessels. Accelerated blood flow velocity led to increased volumetric blood flow per vessel, but overall perfusion was not affected. All of the prostate cancer cell lines had similar vascular patterns, with more pronounced alterations in rapidly growing tumours. Despite minor differences between the prostate cancer cell lines associated with individual growth behaviours, the same overall pattern was observed and showed strong similarity to that of tumours growing in soft tissue. Discussion: The increase in blood flow velocity could be a specific characteristic of prostate cancer or the bone microenvironment.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Nanomedicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Hagaman ◽  
Jossana A. Damasco ◽  
Joy Vanessa D. Perez ◽  
Raniv D. Rojo ◽  
Marites P. Melancon
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Translational Models

Patients with advanced prostate cancer can develop painful and debilitating bone metastases. Currently available interventions for prostate cancer bone metastases, including chemotherapy, bisphosphonates, and radiopharmaceuticals, are only palliative. They can relieve pain, reduce complications (e.g., bone fractures), and improve quality of life, but they do not significantly improve survival times. Therefore, additional strategies to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer bone metastases are needed. Nanotechnology is a versatile platform that has been used to increase the specificity and therapeutic efficacy of various treatments for prostate cancer bone metastases. In this review, we summarize preclinical research that utilizes nanotechnology to develop novel diagnostic imaging tools, translational models, and therapies to combat prostate cancer bone metastases.

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