Abstract PR8: Beta-diversity metrics of the upper digestive tract microbiome are associated with body mass index.

Background: Previous research examined effects of human milk on the infant gut microbiota, but little attention has been given to the microbiota of lactating women. Research Aim: To determine associations between exclusive human milk feeding and gut microbiota characteristics in mothers and infants at 6-weeks postpartum. Methods: A sample of mother–infant dyads ( N = 24) provided fecal samples and questionnaire responses at 6-weeks postpartum as part of the Pregnancy, EAting & POstpartum Diapers study. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from stool samples, followed by (V4) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity, in addition to taxa differences, were compared by human milk exposure status, exclusive versus non-exclusive. A subset of dyads (those exclusively fed human milk; n = 14) was analyzed for shared bifidobacterial species using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Alpha diversity was significantly lower in exclusively human milk-fed infants. Maternal lactation status (exclusive vs. partial) and Shannon diversity were associated in univariate analysis but were no longer associated in multivariable regression including body mass index category in the model. Beta diversity (Sorensen dissimilarity) of fecal samples from women and infants was significantly associated with human milk feeding. Of six infants with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum in their fecal samples, all their mothers shared the same species. Conclusion: Maternal gut microbiotas differ by lactation status, a relationship potentially confounded by body mass index category. Further research is needed to identify whether lactation directly influences the maternal gut microbiota, which may be another mechanism by which lactation influences health.

Download Full-text

Features gastroduodenal pathology in military age patients with malnutrition

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped7450-56 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 50-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena V Vyutrikh ◽

Maria V Antipova ◽

Natalya V Bodareva ◽

Anna O Gergel

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Young Men ◽

Erosive Gastritis ◽

Upper Digestive Tract ◽

Duodenal Reflux ◽

Leading Position ◽

Low Bmi ◽

Integral Indicator

Background.Digestive diseases are a leading cause of body weight deficit and has a leading position among general morbidity in young patients.Purpose.To analyze the pathology of the upper digestive tract in young men with a low body weight.Material and methods.193 young men aged 16-27 y.o. (mean age 20,3±2,2 years) with a mean body mass index (BMI) 17,8±2,4 kg/m2were examined. Erosive lesions of the stomach were found in 18,8% (n=36) and erosive lesions of the duodenum – in 16,1% (n=31). Ucer of duodenum were found in 11,4% (n=22) and none of stomach. Duodenal reflux were found in (51,8%;n=100) and every fourth was combined with erosive gastritis. Histological examination of stomach revealed an inflammation in all cases. Atrophic changes in the antral stomach were detected in 11% (n=6) of the cases. All cases of atrophy accompanied by HP colonization. In the group with normal BMI the prevalence of cardia failure, erosive lesions of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum were founded. In the same group there were prevalence of stomach inflammation by histology (44%). The patients with low BMI (hypotrophy 1 degree) have less erosion and inflammation compare to patients with normal BMI and hypotrophy 2-3 degrees.Conclusions.1. Stomach inflammation were revealed in the majority of young men with low BMI. Atrophic changes of gastric antrum associated with HP infection were found in 10% of cases. 2. Erosive lesions of the esophagus, stomach and duodenal are associated with the BMI. This finding allows use the BMI as an integral indicator of the severity of the inflammation of stomach and duodenum. Erosive lesions of the upper digestive tract are found predominantly in patients with normal BMI.

Download Full-text

244 MICROBIOME ANALYSIS OF UPPER DIGESTIVE TRACT BIOPSY SAMPLES FROM INDIVIDUALS ALONG THE METAPLASIA-DYSPLASIA-ADENOCARCINOMA SEQUENCE.

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doab052.244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jessie Elliott ◽

Collette Hand ◽

Fergus Shanahan ◽

Thomas Murphy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Clinical Classification ◽

Upper Digestive Tract ◽

Normal Oesophagus

Abstract The human microbiota, the collection of microbes that inhabit the human body, is increasingly being appreciated as playing a role in human health. A seminal example of this relationship is Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer oncogenesis. The drop in H.pylori infections and non-cardia gastric cancer incidences has coincided with the rise in oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) incidences. We sought to explore the relationship between the upper digestive tract microbiome and OAC oncogenesis. Methods Pinch biopsies were taken from individual’s oesophagus and stomach who were along the metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence (GERD, Barrett's oesophagus, dysplasia, OAC, metastatic OAC) as well as healthy controls. We carried out 16 s rRNA gene DNA sequencing protocols on these samples. DNA extraction and library preparation was performed with consideration to the low mass nature of oesophageal biopsies. Raw reads were processed and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were generated using the DADA2. We dissected ecological differences between sample site and clinical classification using a variety of approaches including examining differentially abundant taxa and inferred metabolic pathways, alpha diversity and beta-diversity. Results The upper digestive tract was found to be dominated by the genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, and Haemophilus. There was no statistically significant shift in beta diversity with respect to biopsy location. Alpha diversity was reduced in gastric biopsies compare to oesophageal biopsies. A slight yet significant shift was seen in beta diversity (Bray–Curtis Dissimilarity) with respect to clinical classification in biopsies derived from the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and stomach. Various taxa were found to be differentially abundant between biopsy site and with regard to clinical classification. Conclusion OAC primarily occurs at the GEJ. Community structure was shifted in samples derived from the GEJ and the stomach. Fusobacterium nucleatum was overrepresented in oesophageal biopsies from individuals with diseased oesophagus compared to individuals with a histologically normal oesophagus. This bacterium has been implicated in oncogenesis of various cancers most notably colorectal cancer. Serval ASVs assigned to the genus Prevotella were depleted in stomachs of individuals with metastatic OAC compared to all other groups.

Download Full-text