Fecal Bacterial Communities Differ by Lactation Status in Post-Partum Women and Their Infants

Background: Previous research examined effects of human milk on the infant gut microbiota, but little attention has been given to the microbiota of lactating women. Research Aim: To determine associations between exclusive human milk feeding and gut microbiota characteristics in mothers and infants at 6-weeks postpartum. Methods: A sample of mother–infant dyads ( N = 24) provided fecal samples and questionnaire responses at 6-weeks postpartum as part of the Pregnancy, EAting & POstpartum Diapers study. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from stool samples, followed by (V4) 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene amplicon sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity, in addition to taxa differences, were compared by human milk exposure status, exclusive versus non-exclusive. A subset of dyads (those exclusively fed human milk; n = 14) was analyzed for shared bifidobacterial species using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Alpha diversity was significantly lower in exclusively human milk-fed infants. Maternal lactation status (exclusive vs. partial) and Shannon diversity were associated in univariate analysis but were no longer associated in multivariable regression including body mass index category in the model. Beta diversity (Sorensen dissimilarity) of fecal samples from women and infants was significantly associated with human milk feeding. Of six infants with Bifidobacterium longum subspecies longum in their fecal samples, all their mothers shared the same species. Conclusion: Maternal gut microbiotas differ by lactation status, a relationship potentially confounded by body mass index category. Further research is needed to identify whether lactation directly influences the maternal gut microbiota, which may be another mechanism by which lactation influences health.

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Human Milk Feeding Patterns at 6 Months of Age are a Major Determinant of Fecal Bacterial Diversity in Infants

Journal of Human Lactation ◽

10.1177/0890334420957571 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089033442095757

Author(s):

Kameron Y. Sugino ◽

Tengfei Ma ◽

Jean M. Kerver ◽

Nigel Paneth ◽

Sarah S. Comstock

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Milk ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Major Determinant ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Infant Diet ◽

Milk Feeding

Background Maternal pre-pregnancy obesity and human milk feeding have been associated with altered infant gut microbiota. Research aim Determine the relationships between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, human milk exposure, and their influence on the infant microbiota simultaneously. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of infants at 6 months of age ( N = 36), a time when many infants are fed a mixed diet of human milk and other foods. Fecal samples and participant information were collected from a subset of dyads enrolled in two related prospective cohorts (ARCHGUT and BABYGUT) in Michigan. Sequencing the V4 region of the 16S gene was used to analyze fecal bacterial samples collected from 6-month-old infants. Participants were grouped into four categories designated by their extent of human milk exposure (100%, 80%, 50%–80%, ≤ 20% human milk in the infant diet) and by maternal pre-pregnancy BMI category (normal, overweight, obese). Results Fewer participants with pre-pregnancy obesity were breastfeeding at 6 months postpartum compared to non-obese participants (35.7% and 81.8%, respectively). In univariate analyses, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and human milk exposure were both significantly associated with alpha and beta diversity of the infant microbiota. However, in multivariate analyses, human milk exposure accounted for 20% of the variation in alpha diversity, but pre-pregnancy BMI was not significantly associated with any form of microbiota diversity. Conclusions The proportion of the infant diet that was human milk at 6 months was the major determinant of alpha and beta diversity of the infant. Maternal obesity contributes to the gut microbiota by its association with the extent of human milk feeding.

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The Infant Gut Microbiota at 12 Months of Age is Associated with Human Milk Exposure but not with Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index or Infant BMI-for-age z-scores

Current Research in Physiology ◽

10.1016/j.crphys.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eliot N. Haddad ◽

Kameron Y. Sugino ◽

Jean M. Kerver ◽

Nigel Paneth ◽

Sarah S. Comstock

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Milk ◽

Body Mass ◽

Z Scores

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Prognostic significance of body mass index in breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive tumours after curative surgery

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v36i6.20627 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peng Xing ◽

Ji-Guang Li ◽

Feng Jin ◽

Ting-Ting Zhao ◽

Qun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Nodal Stage ◽

Hormone Receptor Positive ◽

High Bmi

Purpose: Obesity has been recognized as a significant risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic significance of body mass index (BMI) in hormone receptor-positive, operable breast cancer. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1,192 consecutive patients with curative resection of primary breast cancer were enrolled. Patients were assigned to two groups according to BMI: normal or underweight (BMI < 23.0 kg/m2) and overweight or obese (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2). Associations among BMI and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients were assessed. Results: A high BMI was significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with age, nodal stage, ALNR, ER positivity, PR positivity and menopausal status at diagnosis. Univariate analysis revealed that BMI, pathologic T stage, nodal stage, axillary lymph node ratio (ALNR) and adjuvant radiotherapy history were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with disease-free survival and overall survival, irrespective of tumour hormone receptor status. Multivariate analysis revealed BMI as an independent prognostic factor in all cases and in hormone receptor-positive cases. Conclusion: A high BMI (≥23.0 kg/m^2) is independently associated with poor prognosis in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Body mass index category as a risk factor for colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717952215.793457621 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Ivano Biviano

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Body Mass Index Category ◽

Colorectal Adenomas

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Serum Periostin as a Potential Biomarker in Pediatric Patients with Primary Hypertension

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10102138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 2138

Author(s):

Michał Szyszka ◽

Piotr Skrzypczyk ◽

Anna Stelmaszczyk-Emmel ◽

Małgorzata Pańczyk-Tomaszewska

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Body Mass ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Primary Hypertension ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Arterial Damage ◽

Serum Periostin

Experimental studies suggest that periostin is involved in tissue repair and remodeling. The study aimed to evaluate serum periostin concentration as potential biomarker in pediatric patients with primary hypertension (PH). We measured serum periostin, blood pressure, arterial damage, biochemical, and clinical data in 50 children with PH and 20 age-matched healthy controls. In univariate analysis, children with PH had significantly lower serum periostin compared to healthy peers (35.42 ± 10.43 vs. 42.16 ± 12.82 [ng/mL], p = 0.038). In the entire group of 70 children serum periostin concentration correlated negatively with peripheral, central, and ambulatory blood pressure, as well as with aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). In multivariate analysis, periostin level significantly correlated with age (β = −0.614, [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.831–−0.398]), uric acid (β = 0.328, [95%CI, 0.124–0.533]), body mass index (BMI) Z-score (β = −0.293, [95%CI, −0.492–−0.095]), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (β = 0.235, [95%CI, 0.054–0.416]), and triglycerides (β = −0.198, [95%CI, −0.394–−0.002]). Neither the presence of hypertension nor blood pressure and aPWV influenced periostin level. To conclude, the role of serum periostin as a biomarker of elevated blood pressure and arterial damage in pediatric patients with primary hypertension is yet to be unmasked. Age, body mass index, uric acid, and lipid concentrations are key factors influencing periostin level in pediatric patients.

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Effect of individual- versus collective-based nutritional-lifestyle intervention on the atherogenic index of plasma in children with obesity: a randomized trial

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-020-00537-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elvira Verduci ◽

Giuseppe Banderali ◽

Elisabetta Di Profio ◽

Sara Vizzuso ◽

Gianvincenzo Zuccotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lifestyle Intervention ◽

Body Mass ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Z Score ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Atherogenic Index Of Plasma ◽

Paediatric Obesity ◽

The Individual

Abstract Background The Atherogenic Index of Plasma is a predictive biomarker of atherosclerosis in adults but there is a lack of studies in paediatric population aimed at evaluating the longitudinal changes of the AIP and of the cardiometabolic blood profile related to nutritional interventions. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of individual- versus collective-based nutritional-lifestyle intervention on the Atherogenic Index of Plasma in schoolchildren with obesity. Methods One-hundred sixty-four children aged 6–12 years with Body Mass Index z-score > 2 referred to the Paediatric Obesity Clinic, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy, were consecutively enrolled and randomized to undergo to either an individual- (n = 82) or a collective- (n = 82) based intervention promoting a balanced normo-caloric diet and physical activity. In addition, the individual intervention included a tailored personalized nutritional advice and education based on the revised Coventry, Aberdeen, and London-Refined taxonomy. Both at baseline and after 12 months of intervention, dietary habits and anthropometric measures were assessed, a fasting blood sample were taken for biochemistry analysis. Results The participation rate at 12 months was 93.3% (n = 153 patients), 76 children in the individual-intervention and 77 children in the collective intervention. At univariate analysis, mean longitudinal change in Atherogenic Index of Plasma was greater in the individual than collective intervention (− 0.12 vs. − 0.05), as well as change in triglyceride-glucose index (− 0.22 vs. − 0.08) and Body Mass Index z-score (− 0.59 vs. − 0.37). At multiple analysis, only change in Body Mass Index z-score remained independently associated with intervention (odds ratio 3.37). Conclusion In children with obesity, an individual-based nutritional and lifestyle intervention, including techniques from the CALO-RE taxonomy, could have an additional beneficial effect over a collective-based intervention, although the actual size of the effect remains to be clarified. Trial Registration Clinical Trials NCT03728621

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Major post-prostate biopsy complications under antibiotic augmentation prophylaxis protocol

Journal of Clinical Urology ◽

10.1177/2051415820984037 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 205141582098403

Author(s):

Antônio Antunes Rodrigues ◽

Valdair Muglia ◽

Emanuel Veras de Albuquerque ◽

Rafael Ribeiro Mori ◽

Rafael Neuppmann Feres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Outlet Obstruction ◽

Psa Density ◽

Biopsy Complications

Objective: To identify risk factors for major post-biopsy complications under augmented prophylaxis protocol. The risk factors already described mainly comprise outdated antibiotic prophylaxis protocols. Material and methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients that underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies, from 2011 to 2016. All patients had received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. Patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of post-biopsy complications. Demographic variables and possible risk factors based on routine clinical assessment were registered. Correlation tests, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for post-biopsy complications. Results: Of the 404 patients that were included, 25 (6.2%) presented 27 post-biopsy complications, distributed as follows: acute urinary retention ( n = 14, 3.5%), infections ( n = 11, 2.7%) and hemorrhage ( n = 2, 0.5%). On univariate analysis, patients who presented complications showed higher body mass index and post-voiding residual volumes. Multivariate analysis identified ethnicity and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density as possible risk factors for biopsy complications. The presence of bacterial resistance identified by rectal swabs did not correlate with the incidence of complications and infections. Conclusions: Non-infectious post-biopsy complications were more frequent than infectious ones in this cohort. Higher post-voiding residual volumes and PSA density, that indicates prostate enlargement, were identified as risk factors and interpreted as secondary to bladder outlet obstruction. The higher body mass index and ethnicity were also identified as risk factors and attributed to the heterogeneity of the patients included. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.

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