The Presence of Platelet-Activating Factor-Acetylhydrolase in Human Middle Ear Effusions

SummaryPlatelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase is an enzyme that inactivates PAF. Deficiency of this enzyme is caused by a missense mutation in the gene. We previously found a higher prevalence of this mutation in patients with ischemic stroke. This fact suggests that the mutation might enhance the risk for stroke through its association with hypertension. We have addressed this hypothesis by analyzing the prevalence of the mutation in hypertension. We studied 138 patients with essential hypertension, 99 patients with brain hemorrhage, and 270 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was analyzed for the mutant allele by the polymerase-chain reaction. The prevalence of the mutation was 29.3% (27.4% heterozygotes and 1.9% homozygotes) in controls and 36.2% in hypertensives and the difference was not significant. The prevalence in patients with brain hemorrhage was significantly higher than the control: 32.6% heterozygotes and 6.1% homozygotes (p <0.05). PAF acetylhydrolase deficiency may be a genetic risk factor for vascular diseases.

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Estrogen effects on platelet-activating factor and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in rat uterus during the late stages of pregnancy

Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators ◽

10.1016/s0090-6980(99)00005-2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 219-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lin Li ◽

Katsuhiko Yasuda ◽

Takashi Matsubara ◽

Hidetaka Okada ◽

Tatsuya Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Rat Uterus ◽

Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽

Estrogen Effects ◽

Late Stages

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Consumption of Enriched Yogurt with PAF Inhibitors from Olive Pomace Affects the Major Enzymes of PAF Metabolism: A Randomized, Double Blind, Three Arm Trial

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11060801 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 801

Author(s):

Maria Detopoulou ◽

Agathi Ntzouvani ◽

Filio Petsini ◽

Labrini Gavriil ◽

Εlizabeth Fragopoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Lipid Mediator ◽

Olive Pomace ◽

Double Blind ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Catabolic Enzymes ◽

Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase ◽

The Impact ◽

By Products ◽

Apparently Healthy

Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a proinflammatory lipid mediator, plays a crucial role in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, the inhibition of endothelium inflammation by nutraceuticals, such as PAF inhibitors, is a promising alternative for preventing cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of a new functional yogurt enriched with PAF inhibitors of natural origin from olive oil by-products on PAF metabolism. Ninety-two apparently healthy, but mainly overweight volunteers (35–65 years) were randomly allocated into three groups by block-randomization. The activities of PAF’s biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes were measured, specifically two isoforms of acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF acetyltransferase (LPCATs), cytidine 5′-diphospho-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol cholinephosphotransferase (PAF-CPT) and two isoforms of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in leucocytes (PAF-AH) and plasma (lipoprotein associated phospholipase-A2, LpPLA2). The intake of the enriched yogurt resulted in reduced PAF-CPT and LpPLA2 activities. No difference was observed in the activities of the two isoforms of lyso PAF-AT. In conclusion, intake of yogurt enriched in PAF inhibitors could favorably modulate PAF biosynthetic and catabolic pathways.

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Human plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. Oxidatively fragmented phospholipids as substrates

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)99132-5 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 266 (17) ◽

pp. 11095-11103 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

K.E. Stremler ◽

D.M. Stafforini ◽

S.M. Prescott ◽

T.M. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Human Plasma ◽

Platelet Activating Factor ◽

Platelet Activating Factor Acetylhydrolase

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Immunohistochemical and qPCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the Human Middle Ear Versus the Nasal Cavity: Case Series

Head and Neck Pathology ◽

10.1007/s12105-021-01378-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Arwa Kurabi ◽

Kwang Pak ◽

Adam S. DeConde ◽

Allen F. Ryan ◽

Carol H. Yan

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Case Series ◽

Middle Ear Mucosa ◽

Viral Receptor ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Nasal Tissue ◽

Human Middle Ear

AbstractViral infections have already been implicated with otitis media and sudden sensorineural hearing loss. However, the pathophysiology of COVID-19 as it relates to otologic disorders is not well-defined. With the spread of SARS-CoV-2, it is important to evaluate its colonization of middle ear mucosa. Middle ear and nasal tissue samples for quantitative RT-PCR and histologic evaluations were obtained from post-mortem COVID-19 patients and non-diseased control patients. Here we present evidence that SARS-CoV-2 colonizes the middle ear epithelium and co-localizes with the primary viral receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Both middle ear and nasal epithelial cells show relatively high expression of ACE2, required for SARS-CoV-2 entry. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was use as a biomarker of epithelia. Furthermore, we found that the viral load in the middle ear is lower than that present in the nasal cavity.

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