A Change in Ocular Circulation after Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity in a Neonate

Background: The dilation of veins and tortuosity of arteries that occur in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are improved by therapy, and thus posttherapy changes in ocular circulation are also conceivable. We report a case of ROP in which we were able to measure the ocular circulation before and after photocoagulation therapy, using a laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) system that is modified for neonates. Case Report: A female infant was born at 25 weeks’ gestation with a birth weight of 808 g. We performed photocoagulation in both eyes at age 15 weeks, and we measured the ocular circulation with the “LSFG-baby” system before and at 12 weeks after the photocoagulation treatment. We also measured the mean blur rate (MBR) in the optic nerve head (ONH) and the relative flow volume (RFV) in the retinal vessels, and we examined the change rates from before to after treatment. The changing rate of the MBR-A (the mean of all values) in the ONH in the right and left eyes was 76.5 and 98.5%, respectively. The vascular RFV in the severe dilation and tortuosity quadrant also tended to decrease. Conclusions: Photocoagulation improved the dilation of veins and tortuosity of arteries and reduced the ocular blood flow in this neonate with ROP. The LSFG-baby system effectively and directly revealed the optic nerve and retinal blood vessels.

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Gender differences in the influence of obstructive sleep apnea on optic nerve head circulation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55470-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomoaki Shiba ◽

Mao Takahashi ◽

Tadashi Matsumoto ◽

Yuichi Hori

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽

Sleep Apnea ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Nerve Head ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

The Mean

AbstractWe investigated gender differences in the optic nerve head (ONH) microcirculation status in association with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by using laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG). We evaluated 150 men (60.5 ± 11.0 yrs) and 45 women (63.0 ± 10.6 yrs) who underwent overnight polysomnography. The mean blur rate (MBR), maximum (Max) MBR, and minimum (Min) MBR were evaluated. The parameters were analyzed separately for the tissues, vessels, and throughout the ONH (All). The apnea hypopnea index (AHI: times/hr), the lowest SpO2%, and the mean SpO2% were calculated as indicators of OSA. We investigated which MBR sections are correlated with OSA parameters separately in the men and women. All MBR sections in the women were significantly positively correlated with the lowest SpO2. In the men, no MBR section was correlated with any OSA parameters. The factors contributing independently to MBR-Tissue were height (β = 0.31) and lowest SpO2 (β = 0.30). The lowest SpO2 in the women was significantly positively correlated with Max MBR-Tissue, Max MBR-All, and Min MBR-All. Our results confirmed a gender difference in characteristics of ONH microcirculation in association with OSA.

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Reproducibility of Neonate Ocular Circulation Measurements Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/693056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Tadashi Matsumoto ◽

Takashi Itokawa ◽

Tomoaki Shiba ◽

Yuji Katayama ◽

Tetsushi Arimura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Ocular Circulation ◽

Time Index ◽

Mean Blur Rate ◽

Normal Sleep

Measuring the ocular blood flow in neonates may clarify the relationships between eye diseases and ocular circulation abnormalities. However, no method for noninvasively measuring ocular circulation in neonates is established. We used laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) modified for neonates to measure their ocular circulation and investigated whether this method is reproducible. During their normal sleep, we studied 16 subjects (adjusted age of 34–48 weeks) whose blood flow could be measured three consecutive times. While the subjects slept in the supine position, three mean blur rate (MBR) values of the optic nerve head (ONH) were obtained: the MBR-A (mean of all values), MBR-V (vessel mean), and MBR-T (tissue mean), and nine blood flow pulse waveform parameters in the ONH were examined. We analyzed the coefficient of variation (COV) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each parameter. The COVs of the MBR values were all ≤10%. The ICCs of the MBR values were all >0.8. Good COVs were observed for the blowout score, blowout time, rising rate, falling rate, and acceleration time index. Although the measurement of ocular circulation in the neonates was difficult, our results exhibited reproducibility, suggesting that this method could be used in clinical research.

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Pulse Waveform Analysis of the Ocular Blood Flow Using Laser Speckle Flowgraphy before and after Glaucoma Treatment

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2019/1980493 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Satoko Masai ◽

Kyoko Ishida ◽

Ayako Anraku ◽

Tetsuro Takumi ◽

Goji Tomita

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Waveform Analysis ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Mean Deviation ◽

Before And After ◽

Glaucoma Treatment ◽

Significant Change

Although reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP) is the principle of glaucoma treatment, impaired ocular blood flow is believed to play a role in the progression of glaucoma. This study evaluated the effect of glaucoma treatment on pulse waveforms for optic nerve head (ONH) microcirculation in patients with glaucoma. Fifty-one subjects were included on the basis of the glaucoma treatment administered, which involved instillation of prostaglandin (PG) analogs (PG group; n = 28) or trabeculectomy (trabeculectomy group; n = 23). ONH blood flow, represented by the mean blur rate (MBRT) and pulse waveforms, was measured using laser speckle flowgraphy before and 1 and 3 months after treatment. Three months after treatment, IOP exhibited a significant decrease (p<0.05). Although there was no significant change in MBRT after treatment, the acceleration time index (ATI) significantly decreased (p=0.034) in the PG group. In the trabeculectomy group, there was no significant change in the MBRT after treatment, while fluctuation (p=0.019) and blowout score (BOS) (p=0.036) exhibited significant decrease and increase, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that mean deviation was significantly associated with the rate of change in the BOS (p=0.013), age was a significant contributing factor for the rate of change in fluctuation in the trabeculectomy group, reflection was significantly associated with the ATI (p=0.037) in the in the PG group. Both glaucoma treatments can change the pulse waveforms, with MBRT remaining unchanged, and IOP reduction owing to the treatment may contribute to stable blood flow in the tissue area of the ONH. As impaired ocular blood flow plays a role in the progression of glaucomatous damage, it would be beneficial if glaucoma treatment could improve the stability of ONH microcirculation.

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The Traditional Kampo Medicine Tokishakuyakusan Increases Ocular Blood Flow in Healthy Subjects

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/586857 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shin Takayama ◽

Yukihiro Shiga ◽

Taiki Kokubun ◽

Hideyuki Konno ◽

Noriko Himori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Plain Water ◽

Mean Blur Rate ◽

The Mean

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral administration of kampo medical formulas on ocular blood flow (OBF). A crossover protocol was used to randomly administer five grams of yokukansan, tokishakuyakusan (TSS), keishibukuryogan, or hachimijiogan to 13 healthy blinded subjects (mean age: 37.3 ± 12.3 years). The mean blur rate, a quantitative OBF index obtained with laser speckle flowgraphy, was measured at the optic nerve head before and 30 minutes after administration. Blood pressure (BP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) were also recorded. No significant changes were observed in mean BP or IOP after the administration of any of the kampo medical formulas. There was a significant increase in OBF 30 minutes after administration of TSS (100% to 103.6 ± 6.9%,P<0.01). Next, TSS was administered to 19 healthy subjects (mean age: 32.0 ± 11.0 years) and OBF was measured before and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after administration. Plain water was used as a control. OBF increased significantly after TSS administration compared to control (P<0.01) and also increased from 30 to 60 minutes after administration compared to baseline (P<0.05). These results suggest that TSS can increase OBF without affecting BP or IOP in healthy subjects.

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The Changes in Blood Flow Seen in the Eye after Foot Acupuncture Treatment in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/6405471 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anri Nishinaka ◽

Koki Nitta ◽

Takashi Seki ◽

Hideaki Hara ◽

Masamitsu Shimazawa

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Flow Velocity ◽

Blood Flow Velocity ◽

Acupuncture Treatment ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Mean Blur Rate ◽

The Mean

Acupuncture is used to treat a wide variety of eye diseases, although there is little evidence about the effects of acupuncture treatment and the mechanisms responsible for them. Foot acupuncture treatment has effects in both mice and humans. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of acupuncture treatment on ocular blood flow in mice. We evaluated ocular blood flow in C57BL/6J mice after foot acupuncture treatment using laser speckle flowgraphy. The mean blur rate, which is an index of blood flow velocity, was increased in the foot acupuncture group. Our results showed that, after 3 minutes’ foot acupuncture, ocular blood flow was significantly increased in both the blood vessels and tissue of the eye in C57BL/6J mice. Thus, performing acupuncture in mice might help to determine its effects. Furthermore, acupuncture is considered to be a possible treatment for ocular disease.

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Characterization of laser speckle flowgraphy pulse waveform parameters for the evaluation of the optic nerve head and retinal circulation

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86280-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nobuko Enomoto ◽

Ayako Anraku ◽

Goji Tomita ◽

Aiko Iwase ◽

Takashi Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Nerve ◽

Optic Nerve Head ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Smoking History ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Pulse Waveform ◽

Flow Acceleration ◽

Ocular Circulation ◽

Systemic Factors

AbstractTo characterize laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) pulse waveform parameters for ocular circulation evaluation, a multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in 111 eyes of 86 healthy Japanese individuals. Optic nerve head (ONH) tissue-area, vessel-area mean blur rate (MT and MV, respectively), and MT and MV pulse waveform parameters were obtained using LSFG and ONH structural parameters using planimetry. Multivariate linear mixed-effects modeled regression analysis identified factors contributing to MT- or MV-waveforms using age, gender, smoking history, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, intraocular pressure, axial length, disc, rim, and β-peripapillary atrophy areas, MT or MV, central retinal artery, and vein equivalents (CRAE and CRVE) as explanatory variables. MT- and MV-waveforms significantly correlated with one or more systemic factors, consistent with previous studies. Following confounding factor adjustment, MT-Skew significantly negatively correlated with β-PPA area (P = 0.026); MT- and MV-flow acceleration index positively correlated with CRAE, MT, and MV (P = 0.041–< 0.001), compatible with these parameters’ observed correlations to systemic factors. Significantly negative correlations of the blowout score and acceleration time index to CRAE partly conflicted with their correlations to systemic factors, and other waveform parameters showed little correlation to ocular factors. Thus, Skew and flow acceleration index assisted the in vivo ocular circulation characterization.

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Detection of significantly high vitreous concentrations of fatty acid-binding protein 4 in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91857-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaku Itoh ◽

Masato Furuhashi ◽

Yosuke Ida ◽

Hiroshi Ohguro ◽

Megumi Watanabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Ocular Blood Flow ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Fatty Acid Binding ◽

High Positive Correlation ◽

Blood Biochemical

AbstractThe fatty acid-binding protein4 (FABP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) play key roles in the metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), respectively. To identify FABP4 in vitreous fluid in PDR, vitreous concentrations of FABP4 (V-FABP4) and VEGFA (V-VEGFA) from PDR (n = 20) and non-PDR (n = 20) patients were determined by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assays. The data, which included height and weight, systemic blood pressures, several blood biochemical parameters and blood flow at the optic nerve head (ONH) by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) were collected. The levels of V-FABP4 and V-VEGFA were significantly higher in PDR patients than in non-PDR patients (P < 0.001) with a high positive correlation (r = 0.72, P < 0.001) between them. The findings were not affected by body mass index values and the presence of vitreous hemorrhaging. Among the clinical parameters, V-FABP4 correlated positively with creatinine and negatively with age and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels, while V-VEGFA correlated positively with fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels but negatively with AST. Multiple regression analyses indicated that V-VEGFA, or V-FABP4, AST and HbA1c were independent predictors of V-FABP4 or V-VEGFA, respectively. Both were negatively correlated, but more evident in V-FABP4, with the ONH ocular blood flow.

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Association of changes of retinal vessels diameter with ocular blood flow in eyes with diabetic retinopathy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84067-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yoshitaka Ueno ◽

Takeshi Iwase ◽

Kensuke Goto ◽

Ryo Tomita ◽

Eimei Ra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Adaptive Optics ◽

Laser Speckle ◽

The Other ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Laser Speckle Flowgraphy ◽

Retinal Vessels ◽

External Diameter ◽

The Mean

AbstractWe investigated morphological changes of retinal arteries to determine their association with the blood flow and systemic variables in type 2 diabetes patients. The patients included 47 non-diabetic retinopathy eyes, 36 mild or moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (M-NPDR) eyes, 22 severe NPDR (S-NPDR) eyes, 32 PDR eyes, and 24 normal eyes as controls. The mean wall to lumen ratio (WLR) measured by adaptive optics camera was significantly higher in the PDR groups than in all of the other groups (all P < 0.001). However, the external diameter of the retinal vessels was not significantly different among the groups. The mean blur rate (MBR)-vessel determined by laser speckle flowgraphy was significantly lower in the PDR group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). The WLR was correlated with MBR-vessel (r = − 0.337, P < 0.001), duration of disease (r = 0.191, P = 0.042), stage of DM (r = 0.643, P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.166, P < 0.037), and presence of systemic hypertension (r = 0.443, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that MBR-vessel (β = − 0.389, P < 0.001), presence of systemic hypertension (β = 0.334, P = 0.001), and LDL (β = 0.199, P = 0.045) were independent factors significantly associated with the WLR. The increased retinal vessel wall thickness led to a narrowing of lumen diameter and a decrease in the blood flow in the PDR group.

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