Semi-Quantitative Determination of H Type 1 and Type 2 Antigens on Buccal Epithelial Cells and in Saliva of Secretors and Non-Secretors

Vox Sanguinis ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
A. Rahat ◽  
J. Stewart ◽  
C.C. Blackwell ◽  
D.M. Weir
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells

Quantitative determination and tissue distribution of human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate transporter, glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor mRNAs

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Ohno ◽  
Masanori Ohta ◽  
Shizuo Nakajin
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Receptor ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phosphate Transporter ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract: Glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations in peripheral tissues are precisely regulated by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) isozymes. When considering the physiological effects of GC in various tissues, quantitative determination of these isozymes and other components involved in corticosteroid signaling is important and informative. We thus performed comprehensive determination of the expression of these mRNAs in a wide range of human tissues.: An absolute comparison of mRNA expression of human 11β-HSD isozymes, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT), glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was performed by real-time RT-PCR.: Human 11β-HSD type 1 mRNA was strongly expressed in the liver and placenta at comparatively high levels. H6PDH was expressed at low copy number, and comparatively high expression was observed in the kidney, testis, and ovary. G6PT expression was ubiquitous, but marked expression was observed in the liver, kidney, small intestine, and colon. GRα was also ubiquitously expressed at relatively high levels, which were approximately 10-fold higher than those of MR, whereas GRβ levels were below the detection limit in all tissues. 11β-HSD type 2 was predominantly expressed in the kidney, small intestine and colon; however, copy numbers of these transcripts showed a nearly identical pattern to type 1. MR was observed in various tissues examined, but was not fully correlated to the distribution of 11β-HSD type 2.: The present quantitative results were partially consistent with previous studies. This quantification method can thus provide valuable information for understanding the physiological effects and physiological roles of glucocorticoid in humans.

Energy Method for Determining Dynamic Characteristics of Mechanisms

1949 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
B. E. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Energy Method ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Graphical Methods ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Complex Mechanical Systems

Abstract Two types of problems are dealt with in the paper which are involved in the design of mechanisms required to have specified dynamic characteristics: (1) Determination of applied forces required to produce specified dynamic characteristics. (2) Determination of the dynamic characteristics which will result from the application of known forces. While graphical methods may be used in the solution of type (1) problems involving more or less complex mechanical systems, they do not afford a direct approach to type (2) problems. The energy method which will be outlined can be applied in either case, although this paper will be primarily concerned with the determination of the dynamic characteristics which result when a known force is applied to a given mechanism.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepika Gopal ◽  
N Malathi ◽  
B Thirupathi Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Confocal Microscopic Study ◽  
Qualitative Changes

ABSTRACT Aim Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a global problem. By monitoring the health status of these individuals, diabetic complications can be prevented. We aimed to analyze alterations in the morphology and cytomorphometry of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients using oral exfoliative cytology technique and determine its importance in public health screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods The study was carried out in 100 type 2 DM patients and 30 healthy individuals. Smears were taken from the right buccal mucosa and stained by the Papanicolaou technique. Staining with Acridine orange was carried out to view qualitative changes with confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM-510 Meta). The cytomorphometry was evaluated using IMAGE PRO PLUS 5.5 software with Evolution LC camera. All findings were statistically analyzed. Results The results showed that with increase in fasting plasma glucose levels, there is significant increase in nuclear area, decrease in cytoplasmic area, and increase in nuclear cytoplasmic ratio (p < 0.05) when compared to the control group. Various qualitative changes were noted, such as cell degeneration, micronuclei, binucleation, intracytoplasmic inclusion, candida and keratinization. Conclusion In the present study, we found significant alterations in the cytomorphometry and cytomorphology of buccal epithelial cells of type 2 DM patients. This study supports and extends the view that these cellular changes can alert the clinician to the possibility of diabetes and aid in monitoring of diabetes throughout the lifetime of the patient. How to cite this article Gopal D, Malathi N, Reddy BT. Efficacy of Oral Exfoliative Cytology in Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Light Microscopic and Confocal Microscopic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):215-221.

scholarly journals Proliferative responses to altered 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) type 2 expression in human breast cancer cells are dependent on endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and the oestradiol receptors

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jansson ◽  
C Gunnarsson ◽  
O Stål
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Phase Fraction ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Endogenous Expression

The primary source of oestrogen in premenopausal women is the ovary but, after menopause, oestrogen biosynthesis in peripheral tissue is the exclusive site of formation. An enzyme group that affects the availability of active oestrogens is the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17HSD) family. In breast cancer, 17HSD type 1 and type 2 have been mostly investigated and seem to be the principal 17HSD enzymes involved thus far. The question whether 17HSD type 1 or type 2 is of greatest importance in breast tumour development is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate how the loss of 17HSD type 2 expression, using siRNA in the non-tumour breast epithelial cells HMEC (human mammal epithelial cells) and MCF10A, and gain of 17HSD type 2 expression, using transient transfection in the breast cancer derived cell lines MCF7 and T47D, affect oestradiol conversion and proliferation rate measured as S-phase fraction. We further investigated how this was related to the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and oestradiol receptors in the examined cell lines. The oestradiol level in the medium changed significantly in the MCF7 transfected cells and the siRNA-treated HMEC cells, but not in T47D or MCF10A. The S-phase fraction decreased in the 17HSD type 2-transfected MCF7 cells and the siRNA-treated HMEC cells. The results seemed to be dependent on the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1 and the oestradiol receptors. In conclusion, we found that high or low levels of 17HSD type 2 affected the oestradiol concentration significantly. However, the response was dependent on the endogenous expression of 17HSD type 1. Expression of 17HSD type 1 seems to be dominant to 17HSD type 2. Therefore, it may be important to investigate a ratio between 17HSD type 1 and 17HSD type 2.

scholarly journals The Innate Immune Responses of Colonic Epithelial Cells to Trichuris muris Are Similar in Mouse Strains That Develop a Type 1 or Type 2 Adaptive Immune Response

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 6280-6286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. deSchoolmeester ◽  
Harinder Manku ◽  
Kathryn J. Else
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Trichuris Muris ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Trichuris muris resides in intimate contact with its host, burrowing within cecal epithelial cells. However, whether the enterocyte itself responds innately to T. muris is unknown. This study investigated for the first time whether colonic intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) produce cytokines or chemokines following T. muris infection and whether divergence of the innate response could explain differentially polarized adaptive immune responses in resistant and susceptible mice. Increased expression of mRNA for the proinflammatory cytokines gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor and the chemokine CCL2 (MCP-1) were seen after infection of susceptible and resistant strains, with the only difference in expression being a delayed increase in CCL2 in BALB/c IEC. These increases were ablated in MyD88−/− mice, and NF-κB p65 was phosphorylated in response to T. muris excretory/secretory products in the epithelial cell line CMT-93, suggesting involvement of the MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in IEC cytokine expression. These data reveal that IEC respond innately to T. muris. However, the minor differences identified between resistant and susceptible mice are unlikely to underlie the subsequent development of a susceptible type 1 (IFN-γ-dominated) or resistant type 2 (interleukin-4 [IL-4]/IL-13-dominated) adaptive immune response.

scholarly journals Quantitative Determination of Apoptosis of Pancreatic  -Cells in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Watanabe ◽  
K.-i. Nishijima ◽  
S. Zhao ◽  
Y. Zhao ◽  
Y. Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Pancreatic Cells

scholarly journals SPECTRUM OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) GENOTYPES AMONG DIAGNOSED CASES OF HCV IN RAWALPINDI AND ISLAMABAD REGION OVER THE PERIOD OF SIX YEARS

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Hamna Javed ◽  
Tehreem Arif ◽  
Saba Arshad ◽  
Saadia Khan Baloch ◽  
Bushra Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Mixed Genotype ◽  
Hcv Genotypes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Determination of an individual's HCV genotypes prior to antiviral therapy has become increasingly important for the deciding clinical management and predicting prognosis of HCV infection. Relative genotype proportions are needed to inform to healthcare models, which should be geographically tailored. To our knowledge, there are no studies reporting genotype pattern in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region. We aimed to determine the frequency of different genotypes in HCV positive cases in the population of Rawalpindi/ Islamabad over the period of five years. Methods: Data of total of three thousand eight hundred and eighteen (n=3818) HCV positive adult of both genders were screened for genotype testing over the period of six years were analyzed. Results: Most frequent genotype identified in our study was genotype 3, accounting for 95.8% (n=3657) of HCV positive cases. The second most common genotype was Type 1 accounting for 2.9% (n=109) of HCV positive cases. Other genotypes were Type 2 (0.3%, n=12) and Type 4 (0.1%, n=5). Mixed genotype (Type 1 and 3) were detected in almost 1 % (n=35) of cases. We did not find genotype 5 and 6 in our study sample. No significant difference was observed among males and females in genotype distribution (P>0.05). Conclusion: The most common genotype among HCV patients were found to be genotype 3 followed by genotype 1 as the second most common in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region during the study period.

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