A Rabbit Model for Optimization of Amniotic Fluid Components in the EXTrauterine Environment for Newborn Development (EXTEND) System

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 939-946
Author(s):  
Heron D. Baumgarten ◽  
Heather A. Hartman ◽  
Zoya Butt ◽  
Katsusuke Ozawa ◽  
Avery C. Rossidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fluid Exchange ◽  
Pregnant Rabbit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Control Fluid

In this model article, we present a protocol for continuous amniotic fluid exchange in rabbits using a novel system to test the effects of growth factor-deficient, artificial amniotic fluid on bowel development. <b><i>Background:</i></b> Ideally, the EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) will provide physiologic support to the extreme premature infant. An important component of that environment is the amniotic fluid. Thus, we developed an animal model to study the growth factors found within amniotic fluid and inform design of a synthetic fluid to optimize fetal development. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We designed a model of amniotic fluid exchange within the pregnant rabbit, continuously removing the natural fluid from around 2 fetuses per doe and replacing it with a physiologic electrolyte solution during the final 100 h of gestation. Two fetuses from the contralateral uterine horn were used as sham-operated controls. Thirty-eight fetuses were analyzed, 19 in each group. We analyzed the fetal growth and bowel development. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Ultrasound after 100 h of exchange showed equivalent fluid volumes, <i>p</i> = 0.63. Cultures were negative for bacterial colonization. Final fluid protein concentrations were 11.6% that of control fluid (mean 1,451 ± 224.2 vs. 12,491 ± 849.2 μg/mL). There was no significant difference in fetal growth, with experimental weights 91.4% of control weights, <i>p</i> = 0.07. Fetal bowel weights (90.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.16) and lengths (94.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.49) were also not significantly less compared to controls. There was no significant difference in villous height or crypt depth measurements between the groups, and absorptive capacity of the bowel was not different between groups, <i>p</i> = 0.44. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> This animal model allows for manipulation of the components of amniotic fluid. Marked reduction of natural amniotic fluid proteins during gestation does not appear to significantly impair fetal growth or bowel development. Further work with this model will assess the importance of amniotic fluid components for normal development to inform design of a synthetic fluid for use during EXTEND.

scholarly journals The Influence of Fasting in Summer on Amniotic Fluid During Pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Altunkeser ◽  
Muslu Kazım Körez
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Index ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
Significant Difference

Objectives: Ramadan is a holy month in which eating and drinking are forbidden from dawn to sunset. In this study, we investigated using ultrasonography (USG) whether fasting in summer (as occurred in Ramadan 2014) had an influence on the volume of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The study included 119 pregnant women in total who were admitted to our department with a request of obstetric USG between June 28, 2014, and July 27, 2014. The fasting group included 61 pregnant women and the control group of 58 pregnant women. In our study, all the fasting pregnant women had Sahur (predawn meal eaten before starting fasting) and Iftar (the evening meal for fast-breaking) every day, regularly. The women in the control group did not fast. In addition to amniotic fluid index and fetal biometric measurements during Ramadan, amniotic fluid volume was measured ultrasonographically throughout pregnancy. All ultrasound examinations were performed at least 8 h after Sahur during Ramadan. Chi-square test was utilized to compare the measurements of amniotic fluid volume, and Mann–Whitney U-test was utilized to analyze the differences in fetal growth data. Moreover, difference was considered statistically significant when the P value was <0.05. Results: The mean age was 25.7 years in the fasting group and 25.8 years in the control group. Other characteristics and mean gestational weeks of the two groups were similar. Ultrasonographically, there was no significant difference between two groups in respect to amniotic fluid amount during pregnancy (P = 0.7). There was no significant difference with regard to fetal growth parameters either (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In pregnant women who had regular predawn and fast-breaking meals, fasting in summer did not elicit alteration in the amount of amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy.

scholarly journals 1129 How useful is assessment of amniotic fluid volume in antenatal surveillance of fetal growth restriction?

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. S696
Author(s):  
Lauren Sayres ◽  
Camille Driver ◽  
Xinyi Yang ◽  
Mary Sammel ◽  
Heather Straub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume

scholarly journals Genomic imbalances in the placenta are associated with poor fetal growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia F. Del Gobbo ◽  
Yue Yin ◽  
Sanaa Choufani ◽  
Emma A. Butcher ◽  
John Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Genomic Imbalances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased risks for complications before, during, and after birth, in addition to risk of disease through to adulthood. Although placental insufficiency, failure to supply the fetus with adequate nutrients, underlies most cases of FGR, its causes are diverse and not fully understood. One of the few diagnosable causes of placental insufficiency in ongoing pregnancies is the presence of large chromosomal imbalances such as trisomy confined to the placenta; however, the impact of smaller copy number variants (CNVs) has not yet been adequately addressed. In this study, we confirm the importance of placental aneuploidy, and assess the potential contribution of CNVs to fetal growth. Methods We used molecular-cytogenetic approaches to identify aneuploidy in placentas from 101 infants born small-for-gestational age (SGA), typically used as a surrogate for FGR, and from 173 non-SGA controls from uncomplicated pregnancies. We confirmed aneuploidies and assessed mosaicism by microsatellite genotyping. We then profiled CNVs using high-resolution microarrays in a subset of 53 SGA and 61 control euploid placentas, and compared the load, impact, gene enrichment and clinical relevance of CNVs between groups. Candidate CNVs were confirmed using quantitative PCR. Results Aneuploidy was over tenfold more frequent in SGA-associated placentas compared to controls (11.9% vs. 1.1%; p = 0.0002, OR = 11.4, 95% CI 2.5–107.4), was confined to the placenta, and typically involved autosomes, whereas only sex chromosome abnormalities were observed in controls. We found no significant difference in CNV load or number of placental-expressed or imprinted genes in CNVs between SGA and controls, however, a rare and likely clinically-relevant germline CNV was identified in 5.7% of SGA cases. These CNVs involved candidate genes INHBB, HSD11B2, CTCF, and CSMD3. Conclusions We conclude that placental genomic imbalances at the cytogenetic and submicroscopic level may underlie up to ~ 18% of SGA cases in our population. This work contributes to the understanding of the underlying causes of placental insufficiency and FGR, which is important for counselling and prediction of long term outcomes for affected cases.

412 Neurobehavioural and neuropathological consequences of fetal growth restriction in a rabbit model

2021 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. S265
Author(s):  
Ignacio J. Valenzuela ◽  
Johannes van der Merwe ◽  
David Basurto ◽  
Doaa Emam ◽  
Lennart Van der Veeken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Growth Restriction ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Growth Restriction

scholarly journals Influence of the Thermal Treatment to Address a Better Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Dental Implants: Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in a Rabbit Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Scarano ◽  
Ezio Crocetta ◽  
Alessandro Quaranta ◽  
Felice Lorusso
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Dental Implants ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Bone Response ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Pure titanium continues to be the first choice for dental implants and represents the gold standard for their biocompatibility and physical and mechanical characteristics, while the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) has good mechanical properties. The surface structure of the titanium oxide layer formation on the surface influences and improves the bone response around dental implants. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of a thermal treatment of Ti6Al4V implant surfaces and the bone healing response in a rabbit model. Methods. Altogether sixteen implants with same design were inserted into the distal femoral metaphysis. A screw (13 mm long, 4 mm in diameter) was inserted in an implant bed. Each rabbit received two implants, one in the left femur and one in the right femur. The samples were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated at 8 weeks. Results. A statistically significant difference (p = 0.000034) was present histologically in the percentages of bone-implant contact (BIC) between the test group (BIC = 69.25±4.49%.) and control group (BIC = 56.25 ± 4.8%) by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions. The outcome of the present study indicates a novel approach to improving bone healing around titanium implants.

First-trimester fetal growth discordance and development of preeclampsia in dichorionic twin pregnancies

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Maric ◽  
Natasha Singh ◽  
Keith Duncan ◽  
Guy J. Thorpe-Beeston ◽  
Makrina D. Savvidou
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Control Study

AbstractTo investigate the relation between first-trimester fetal growth discrepancy, as assessed by crown-rump length (CRL) at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation, and subsequent development of preeclampsia (PE) in dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies. The association between inter-twin CRL and birth weight (BW) discrepancy was also investigated.This was a retrospective, case-control study of DCDA twin pregnancies. Inter-twin CRL discrepancy was calculated as 100×(larger CRL–smaller CRL)/larger CRL. BW discordance was calculated as 100×(larger BW–smaller BW)/larger BW.The study included 299 DCDA pregnancies that remained normotensive and 35 that subsequently developed PE. There was no significant difference in the inter-twin CRL discrepancy between pregnancies complicated by PE and those that were not [3.2%, interquartile range (IQR): 0.5–4.5% vs. 3.3%, IQR: 1.4–5.5%; P=0.17]. There was a positive correlation between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy but only in pregnancies that remained normotensive (P<0.001). In women that subsequently developed PE, there was no association between inter-twin CRL and BW discordance (P=0.54).In unselected DCDA twins, first-trimester CRL discrepancy is not different between pregnancies that subsequently develop PE and those that remain normotensive. Furthermore, in pregnancies that are complicated by PE, the association between inter-twin CRL and BW discrepancy appears to be lost.

scholarly journals Fibrin adhesive and the vaginal vault synthesis on female rabbits abdominal hysterectomies

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Gonçalves Lima ◽  
Murched Omar Taha ◽  
Henri Chaplin Rivoire ◽  
Anna Tereza Negrini Fagundes ◽  
Djalma José Fagundes
Keyword(s):  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Granulation Tissue ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Polyglycolic Acid ◽  
Vaginal Vault ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Burst Test ◽  
Significant Difference

PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of fibrin glue in comparison with polyglycolic acid suture to promote the closure of rabbit's vaginal vault, after abdominal hysterectomy. METHODS: Twenty female, adults, New Zealand rabbits, were submitted to abdominal hysterectomy and randomly distributed to polyglycolic acid suture (G-PA / n=10) or fibrin glue closure of vaginal vault (G-FG / n=10). Radiograph study allowed identifying vault vaginal suture disrupter or fistulas to urinary bladder or rectum. Videovaginoscopy study allowed identifying the presence of cellulites, abscess formation, tissue granulation or granuloma. Vaginal cuff burst test allowed to identify by the escape of air bubbles and rupture pression record. Histological sections stained with Picrosirius red allowed the measure of fibrous tissue healing. RESULTS: The videovaginoscopy identified a significant difference (Fisher Test p<0.3142) of granulation tissue in the animals of G-PA (40%) in comparison with the G-FG (20%). The gross inspection showed the same relation in the granulation tissue occurrence (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50%) and G-FB (20%). The visceral adhesion to the vaginal vault wound was statistical significant (Fisher test p< 0.1749) with G-PA (50%) and G-FG (20%). The pressure of rupture (mm Hg) of the burst test was similar (p<0.0421) in the animals of G-PA (61.5±19.3) and G-FG (72.5±21.9). The collagen matrix of vault wound healing was similar (p< 0.0231) between the G-PA (31.63±15) and the G-FG (23.2±13.2). CONCLUSION: The vaginal vault closure using the fibrin glue is a safe and reliable procedure after abdominal hysterectomy in female rabbit model.

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