Criminalization of Commercial Sex Workers and Service Users of Commercial Sex Workers in Criminal Law Renewal

The purpose of this study is to look at the regulation of the actions of workers and service users of commercial sex workers in the current criminal law and to see the regulation of the actions of workers and service users of commercial sex workers in the future. This research is a normative research or doctrinal legal research using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The results of this study are that there is no clear regulation in Indonesian criminal law regarding criminal liability for the actions of workers and service users of commercial sex workers other than those contained in certain regional regulations, and in the future with the criminalization of acts of sexual intercourse outside the marriage bond as an act The criminal complaint in the Draft Criminal Code (RKUHP) must be changed into a form of ordinary crime so as not to limit the movement of law enforcement officers in carrying out law enforcement related to the actions of workers and users of commercial sex workers.

Should commercial sex workers have unrestricted healthcare access across the world?

We argue commercial sex workers have rights to healthcare and psychosocial support. While decriminalization is not legally enacted in most countries, we would suggest these workers rights include freedom from harassment and opportunities to lead healthy lives. The need for healthcare access for all is heightened in the COVID-19 pandemic where some people flout rules on lockdown by engaging with commercial sex workers and may unwittingly spread SARS-CoV-2 in so doing. Unrestricted healthcare access without stigma for commercial sex workers protects them, and has a beneficial societal effect on those who engage with them and on their contacts.

The debt trap, a shadow pandemic for commercial sex workers: Vulnerability, impact, and action

This research paper is a stringent analysis of the condition of commercial sex workers in India and what is happening to them in this pandemic-stricken time. The study details their economic condition and what is forcing them to borrow money from treacherous lenders despite knowing the risks behind it. Apart from being exploited financially, they are also becoming vulnerable for sexual, emotional, and physical exploitation, worsening their situation even further. The research findings show that 90% of commercial sex workers in red light areas will be forced into a debt trap that is non-repayable in their lifetime, making it a massive movement of commercial sex workers entering into bonded labour, another form of modern-day slavery. Apart from the financial peril, poverty is forcing them to be in a situation of major health hazard. Being deprived of customers for so long, they might be forced to work in this uncertain situation making it an optimum ground for a super-spread of the virus. A rapid assessment method has been used to collect the data from numerous commercial sex workers across the nation. The collected data are analysed using qualitative analysis and also visualized for better understanding. As a means to provide tangible alternative solutions to the problem, the study strongly recommends occupational training programs for commercial sex workers that provide a transition into alternative livelihoods, government action against predatory high-interest loans, and the redevelopment of red light areas where economic returns can be reinvested into commercial sex worker retraining programs.

The effectiveness of Solution Focused Brief Counseling to improve the self-concept of commercial sex workers in rehabilitation institutions

The life of the Indonesian people is a very complex life with various social problems that hit several communities. The existence of various social problems faced by the community makes them live an abnormal or inappropriate life such as the low economy in meeting the needs of life. Social problems are some conditions that arise from a society that cannot function properly, resulting in disappointment and suffering. In this case, those who often experience social problems are usually women, one of the people with social welfare problems, namely Commercial Sex Workers. Someone who works and acts in the field of prostitution is better known as a commercial sex worker. The practice of prostitution by sex workers causes several psychological impacts that refer to negative self-concepts, such as feeling of having low self-esteem in the eyes of the community, being inferior in front of many people, limiting themselves in community interactions, feeling depressed, relationship gaps with other family members. Based on the results of the study, there were 8 PSKs whose self-concept level was in the medium category with a percentage of 38.1%, then 10 PSKs whose self-concept level was in the low category, namely 47.6%. 2 PSKs whose self-concept level was in the very low category, namely 9.5%. So it can be concluded that the average self-concept of CSWs before being given treatment was in the medium and low categories. The research method used by the researcher is the experimental research method. The type of experimental research used by the researcher is a quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental). Quasi-experimental is a quasi-experiment that aims to predict the conditions that can be achieved through actual experiments, but there is no control and manipulation of all relevant variables. Based on the description above, it can be concluded that this study seeks to determine how high the self-concept of sex workers is

Unbreakable Babu Culture and Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) at Kandapara sex establishment, Bangladesh

The commercial sex trade with babu culture is a ubiquitous business that itself stands in an embarrassing platform, especially in a predominantly Islamic country like Bangladesh. This study aims to excavate the concept of commercial sex workers and unbreakable babus, the reasons for entering sex establishment, and also the perceptions about themselves for understanding and developing a meaningful relationship. The qualitative method was predominance for its nature and subject matter where in-depth interviews were carried out at Kandapara sex establishment in Tangail, Bangladesh. This study found that socio-demographic and economic factors badly influence them to attach to sex establishment. For commercial sex workers, both voluntary and involuntary factors are responsible to enter the sex establishment, alternatively, only voluntary factors are responsible for babus. This study also found that there are multi-dimensional and diverse perceptions among commercial sex workers and unbreakable babus about their fixed sex partners. The study also addressed taking initiatives for improving their social status in society and emphasizing the further implications of the research.

The Application of Reality Therapy Group Counseling to Overcome Behavior Self- Esteem Low on Commercial Sex Workers (PSK)

One of the problems of the Indonesian nation that is difficult to overcome is the rise of commercial sex workers (CSWs). The increasing number of prostitutes is due to economic pressures so that they cannot bear the costs of living, which are currently all too expensive. The difficulty of getting a job made them finally forced to do this job which society considered despicable. The negative label and rejection given by the community to CSWs, cause CSWs to be unable to carry out their social functions properly. The method used is interactive support and feedback in an here and now (here and now) frame of mind. Group counseling, sometimes known as interpersonal problem-solving groups, attempts to help group participants solve common, but often difficult, lives through interpersonal support and problem solving. Another objective is to help participants develop existing skills in solving interpersonal problems so that they will be better able to deal with problems that arise in the future. The data obtained by interview, observation and psychological tests. The data analysis method uses the results of the intervention and determines suitable interventions based on the results of the assessment and evaluation procedures in the assessment process.

Effectiveness of the HEART Program in Reframing the Needs and Aspirations of Commercial Sex Workers

Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) are subject to multiple experiences of mental and reproductive health issues. The study assessed the impact of a program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), named Honing Effective Acceptance of oneself to Rebuild Valued Transformation (HEART). It aims to help CSWs to address needs and fulfill their aspirations despite experiences of suffering and distress. The intervention lasted six (6) sessions, with the entirety of the pre- and post-intervention, HEART program, and interviews spanning 13 days. The study utilized a snowball sampling approach, whereby thirty-two 32 CSWs were initially recruited, with a final count of twelve (12) CSWs obtained through a preliminary examination. A mixed methods approach, particularly the sequential explanatory technique was used to analyze the data. Quantitative results show significant increases in overall needs (p = .002) and aspirations (p = .002) pre-intervention and immediate post-intervention. Furthermore, significant results were found for both needs and aspirations (p = .002) pre-intervention and follow-up after two weeks. For immediate post-intervention versus follow-up, only needs (p = .003) and not aspirations (p = .587) was significant. For the three comparisons, there were significant differences in all sub-domains of needs and aspirations except for immediate post-intervention versus follow-up after two weeks. CSWs who participated regarded the program positively, noting significant changes occurring after their participation.

USE OF CONDOMS FOR CUSTOMERS OF COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS IN THE CONTEXT OF HIV / AIDS PREVENTION AT THE BATAM CITY NON-PANTI SOCIAL REHABILITATION CENTER

AIDS is a disease that is a global health problem after claiming more than 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus so far. In the city of Batam in 2017, 47 people died from HIV / AIDS. Condom use behavior among sex workers and also customers is one of the efforts to prevent and control the transmission of HIV / AIDS. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of condom use among clients of commercial sex workers in the context of HIV / AIDS prevention. Method : This research is descriptive conducted at the Center for Social Rehabilitation of Non Panti Teluk Pandan Tanjung Uncang, Batam City, with a total sample of 91 commercial sex worker customers who were taken by purposive sampling. Result : The results showed. It is known that the use of condoms among CSW customers in the center of the Social Rehabilitation Center for non-Panti Kota Batam, more than half of the customers did not use condoms, namely 46 (51.1%). conclusion : It is known that the use of condoms among commercial sex workers at the center for nonPanti Panti Social Rehabilitation in Teluk Pandan Tanjung Uncang, Batam City, more than half of the customers did not use condoms, namely 46 (51.1%).

COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER COMPLIANCE WITH USING CONDOMS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF MANGROVE BAY, BATAM CITY

Background : According to the World Health Organization (WHO) HIV continues to be a global public health problem, claiming more than 70 million people are infected with the HIV virus and around 35 million people have died. In 2015, approximately 1.1 (940 000-1300000) million people have died due to being infected with the HIV virus. There were an estimated 36.7 (34.0-39.8) million people living with HIV at the end of 2016. Globally, Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with nearly 1 in 25 adults living with HIV. (WHO 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of commercial sex workers on using condoms in the localization of Teluk Bakau, Batam City. Method : This study used a descriptive research design. The location of this research was carried out in the localization of Teluk Bakau, Batam City. The population in this study were all commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the Teluk Bakau brothels with a total of 95 people. The sample is an object under study and is considered to represent the entire population, here the writer uses a purposive technique, namely by means of sampling based on criteria. The measuring instrument in this study using a questionnaire. This analysis was carried out on each variable. These results are in the form of distribution and percentage of each variable. Data analysis was carried out in a univariate manner by looking at the results of the frequency calculation and the presentation of the results which could later be used as benchmarks for discussion and conclusions. Results and conclusions : It can be seen that the compliance of CSWs using condoms in the Bakau Bay brothel, Batam City is the majority of the majority behave obediently as many as 46 respondents (93.9%)