An Association Rule Analysis of Combined Acupoints for the Treatment of Patients with Dry Eye Disease

Background: Dry eye disease (DED) has a higher incidence in old age and is seen predominantly in females worldwide. Neurosensory abnormalities, ocular surface inflammation and damage, film instability, and hyperosmolarity are major and proven pathologies responsible for a poor quality of life. Tear breakup time and Schirmer’s I test are predominantly used for the evaluation of primary outcomes in patients undergoing conventional treatment. A previous meta-analysis of some relevant studies proved that combination of acupoints could be more effective than single acupoint treatment. Objectives: The present study aimed to undertake association rule mining and examined the potential kernel acupoint combination in DED treatment constructed from the extracted randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on a previous meta-analysis. Methods: We summarized 32 acupoints as binary data from the 12 eligible RCTs and analyzed them based on the Apriori algorithm. Results: TE23, BL2, ST2, ST1, EX-HN5, BL1, LI4, ST36, SP6, and KI3 were the 10 most frequently selected acupoints. The major associated rules in combination of acupoints were {TE23, LI4} ≥ {ST1} and {TE23, ST1} ≥ {LI4}, as inferred from 23 association rules. Conclusions: For acupuncture treatment of DED, combined TE23, LI4, and ST1 acupoints could be settled as the kernel of acupoint combination.

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Effect of Hyaluronic Acid/Trehalose in Two Different Formulations on Signs and Symptoms in Patients with Moderate to Severe Dry Eye Disease

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2018/4691417 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Klemens Fondi ◽

Piotr A. Wozniak ◽

Doreen Schmidl ◽

Ahmed M. Bata ◽

Katarzyna J. Witkowska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Sodium Hyaluronate ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Quality Of Sleep ◽

Pro Re Nata ◽

Breakup Time

Purpose. This randomized, observer-masked, crossover study investigated the effect of two hyaluronic acid/trehalose-based containing formulations, with different physical properties, on the signs and symptoms in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED). Methods. In one group, patients received a mixture of sodium hyaluronate and trehalose (HT, Thealoz Duo®) for use during the day. In the other group, patients received a more viscous formulation consisting of hyaluronic acid, trehalose, and carbomer (HTC-gel, Thealoz Duo Gel) to use pro re nata. Both groups used HTC-gel before going to bed. Clinical standard tests for DED were performed at the beginning and end of each one-week period. Further, patient satisfaction including quality of sleep was assessed using a visual analogue scale. Results. Corneal fluorescein and conjunctival lissamine green staining scores decreased, and tear breakup time (BUT) increased for both groups (p<0.001 each). Mean instillation frequency was 3.1 ± 2.6 drops/day when using HT and 1.9 ± 2.2 drops/day when using HTC-gel (p=0.02). A significant improvement in the quality of sleep was observed with both treatments (p=0.01). Conclusions. Our results show improvement in signs and symptoms of DED in both groups. While instillation of HTC-gel resulted in a lower instillation frequency, both formulations of trehalose showed good clinical efficacy. This trial is registered with NCT02980913.

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The Efficacy and Safety of Qiming Granule for Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2020.00580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Maoyi Yang ◽

Zhipeng Hu ◽

Rensong Yue ◽

Liangjun Yang ◽

Boxun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Chinese Patent ◽

Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine ◽

Positive Results

BackgroundDry eye disease (DED) is a common complication in clinical practice. Qiming granule, a traditional Chinese patent medicine, is widely used in treating DED in China. However, its effect is still largely unknown.ObjectivesThis research aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of QG on DED.MethodsThree English database and four Chinese databases without restriction on language and publication bias were searched. Qualified literature was selecting according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and conducted a meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 11 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The methodological quality of included studies was low. The results showed that QG was effective for DED (RR:1.26, 95%CI:1.12 to 1.41, P=0.0001). The results combined with random effects model showed that QG could significantly prolong the tear film break up time (MD: 2.93, 95% CI: 2.22 to 3.65, P < 0.00001), increase the amount of tears in patients with DED (MD: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.83 to 4.04, P < 0.00001) and repair the corneal defects in patients (MD: -0.71, 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.17, P < 0.00001).ConclusionsThis study found that despite of the apparently positive results of some outcomes, it is premature to confirm the efficacy of QG in treating DED. More high-quality studies are still needed in the future to further confirm the efficacy and safety.

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Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.14892 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Valentin Navel ◽

Vincent Sapin ◽

Fanny Henrioux ◽

Loïc Blanchon ◽

Antoine Labbé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Antioxidative Stress

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Cationic Thiolated Poly(aspartamide) Polymer as a Potential Excipient for Artificial Tear Formulations

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2016/2647264 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mária Budai-Szűcs ◽

Gabriella Horvát ◽

Barnabás Áron Szilágyi ◽

Benjámin Gyarmati ◽

András Szilágyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Eye Drops ◽

Thiol Groups ◽

Physiological Properties ◽

Disulphide Bond Formation ◽

Polymer Bearing

Dry eye disease is a relatively common ocular problem, which causes eye discomfort and visual disorders leading to a decrease in the quality of life. The aim of this study was to find a possible excipient for eye drop formulations, which is able to stabilize the tear film. A cationic thiolated polyaspartamide polymer, poly[(N-mercaptoethylaspartamide)-co-(N-(N′,N′-dimethylaminoethyl)aspartamide)] (ThioPASP-DME), was used as a potential vehicle. Besides satisfying the basic requirements, the chemical structure of ThioPASP-DME is similar to those of ocular mucins as it is a protein-like polymer bearing a considerable number of thiol groups. The solution of the polymer is therefore able to mimic the physiological properties of the mucins and it can interact with the mucus layer via disulphide bond formation. The resultant mucoadhesion provides a prolonged residence time and ensures protective effect for the corneal/conjunctival epithelium. ThioPASP-DME also has an antioxidant effect due to the presence of the thiol groups. The applicability of ThioPASP-DME as a potential excipient in eye drops was determined by means of ocular compatibility tests and through examinations of the interactions with the mucosal surface. The results indicate that ThioPASP-DME can serve as a potential eye drop excipient for the therapy of dry eye disease.

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Dry Eye Disease and Tear Cytokine Levels—A Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21093111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Matilde Roda ◽

Ivan Corazza ◽

Maria Letizia Bacchi Reggiani ◽

Marco Pellegrini ◽

Leonardo Taroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Model Study ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

Mean Differences ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Factor Α

Background—It is recognized that inflammation is an underlying cause of dry eye disease (DED), with cytokine release involved. We systematically reviewed literature with meta-analyses to quantitatively summarize the levels of tear cytokines in DED. Methods—The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were reviewed until September 2019, and original articles investigating tear cytokines in DED patients were included. Differences of cytokines levels of DED patients and controls were summarized by standardized mean differences (SMD) using a random effects model. Study quality was assessed by applying Newcastle-Ottawa-Scale and the GRADE quality score. Methods of analytical procedures were included as covariate. Results—Thirteen articles investigating 342 DED patients and 205 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. The overall methodological quality of these studies was moderate. Systematic review of the selected articles revealed that DED patients had higher tear levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, chemokine IL-8, IL-10, interferon-γ, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α as compared to controls. Evidence was less strong for IL-2 and IL-17A. Conclusions—Data show that levels of tear cytokines in DED and control display a great variability, and further studies of higher quality enrolling a higher number of subjects are needed, to define a cut-off value.

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Association between vitamin D and dry eye disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Contact Lens and Anterior Eye ◽

10.1016/j.clae.2020.03.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 418-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gholamreza Askari ◽

Nahid Rafie ◽

Maryam Miraghajani ◽

Zahra Heidari ◽

Arman Arab

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease

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Maximum blink interval is associated with tear film breakup time: A new simple, screening test for dry eye disease

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-31814-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Takenori Inomata ◽

Masao Iwagami ◽

Yoshimune Hiratsuka ◽

Keiichi Fujimoto ◽

Yuichi Okumura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Eye ◽

Screening Test ◽

Tear Film ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Breakup Time ◽

Simple Screening

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Characteristics and Utility of Fluorescein Breakup Patterns among Dry Eyes in Clinic-Based Settings

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10090711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Chika Shigeyasu ◽

Masakazu Yamada ◽

Norihiko Yokoi ◽

Motoko Kawashima ◽

Kazuhisa Suwaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Test ◽

Dry Eye ◽

Dry Eye Disease ◽

Eye Disease ◽

Subjective Symptoms ◽

Clinical Tool ◽

Likelihood Ratios ◽

Dry Eyes ◽

Post Test ◽

Breakup Time

(1) Background: To evaluate the characteristics of fluorescein breakup patterns (FBUPs) among patients with dry eye disease (DED) and efficacy of FBUPs as a diagnostic test for DED subgroups. (2) Methods: The study enrolled 449 patients with DED. FBUPs were categorized as follows: area break (AB), line break (LB), spot break (SB), dimple break (DB), and random break (RB). Schirmer value, fluorescein breakup time (FBUT), keratoconjunctival score, DED subgroups and subjective symptoms were examined. (3) Results: LB patients presented with short FBUT and high keratoconjunctival score. AB patients presented with short FBUT, high cornea and keratoconjunctival scores. SB patients were young with short FBUT. DB patients exhibited low keratoconjunctival score. RB patients were young, with long FBUT and low keratoconjunctival scores. Among DED subgroups, LB and AB constituted 74.7% of aqueous-deficiency dry eye (ADDE). SB and DB constituted 42.4% of short FBUT dry eye (short FBUT-DE). Post-test probabilities and positive likelihood ratios for ADDE were 58.7% and 1.63, respectively; those for short FBUT-DE were 46.3% and 2.02, respectively. Patients with SB and AB exhibited significantly severe subjective symptoms than other FBUPs. (4) Conclusions: FBUPs are associated with both objective findings and symptoms of DED and may be a clinical tool for identification of DED subgroups.

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