scholarly journals Neuroimmune Circuits Activated by Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Nephron ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Shuhei Kuwabara ◽  
Eibhlin Goggins ◽  
Shinji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Tissue Protection ◽  
Anti Inflammation

The interaction between the nervous system and the immune system has recently been well-recognized. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) presents potential as an anti-inflammatory therapy through activation of neuroimmune pathways. Detailed understanding of the neuroimmune pathways VNS evokes is critical in order to successfully use it in the clinic for the treatment of acute kidney injury, in which inflammation plays an important role. In this review, we describe recent findings regarding VNS-induced neuroimmune pathways responsible for anti-inflammation and tissue protection.

scholarly journals Vagus nerve stimulation activates two distinct neuroimmune circuits converging in the spleen to protect mice from kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2021758118
Author(s):  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Chikara Abe ◽  
Stephen B. G. Abbott ◽  
Shuqiu Zheng ◽  
Yusuke Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Afferent Fiber ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Kidney Protection ◽  
Fiber Stimulation

Acute kidney injury is highly prevalent and associated with high morbidity and mortality, and there are no approved drugs for its prevention and treatment. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) alleviates inflammatory diseases including kidney disease; however, neural circuits involved in VNS-induced tissue protection remain poorly understood. The vagus nerve, a heterogeneous group of neural fibers, innervates numerous organs. VNS broadly stimulates these fibers without specificity. We used optogenetics to selectively stimulate vagus efferent or afferent fibers. Anterograde efferent fiber stimulation or anterograde (centripetal) sensory afferent fiber stimulation both conferred kidney protection from ischemia–reperfusion injury. We identified the C1 neurons–sympathetic nervous system–splenic nerve–spleen–kidney axis as the downstream pathway of vagus afferent fiber stimulation. Our study provides a map of the neural circuits important for kidney protection induced by VNS, which is critical for the safe and effective clinical application of VNS for protection from acute kidney injury.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Activates Central Nervous System Structures in Epileptic Patients During PET H215O Blood Flow Imaging

Neurosurgery ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ko ◽  
Christi Heck ◽  
Scott Grafton ◽  
Michael L.J. Apuzzo ◽  
William T. Couldwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Flow Imaging ◽  
Blood Flow Imaging ◽  
Epileptic Patients

Non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system influences CNS via the vagus nerve to acquire a stress-refractory propensity

2016 ◽  
Vol 130 (21) ◽  
pp. 1913-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shino Oikawa ◽  
Yuko Kai ◽  
Masayuki Tsuda ◽  
Hisayuki Ohata ◽  
Asuka Mano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Choline Acetyltransferase ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Cholinergic System ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Choline acetyltransferase gene-overexpressing transgenic mice (ChAT tgm), a model of the non-neuronal cardiac cholinergic system (NNCCS), protects the heart from ischaemic insults, shows specific central phenotypes compatible with vagus nerve stimulation (VS), and consequently re-educate the central nervous system (CNS) to reset stress responses.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bonaz ◽  
Valérie Sinniger ◽  
Sonia Pellissier
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Alpha Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The vagus nerve is a mixed nerve, comprising 80% afferent fibers and 20% efferent fibers. It allows a bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the digestive tract. It has a dual anti-inflammatory properties via activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, by its afferents, but also through a vago-vagal inflammatory reflex involving an afferent (vagal) and an efferent (vagal) arm, called the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Indeed, the release of acetylcholine at the end of its efferent fibers is able to inhibit the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha by macrophages via an interneuron of the enteric nervous system synapsing between the efferent vagal endings and the macrophages and releasing acetylcholine. The vagus nerve also synapses with the splenic sympathetic nerve to inhibit the release of TNF-alpha by splenic macrophages. It can also activate the spinal sympathetic system after central integration of its afferents. This anti-TNF-alpha effect of the vagus nerve can be used in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, represented by Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis where this cytokine plays a key role. Bioelectronic medicine, via vagus nerve stimulation, may have an interest in this non-drug therapeutic approach as an alternative to conventional anti-TNF-alpha drugs, which are not devoid of side effects feared by patients.

scholarly journals Overview of therapeutic applications of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation: a motivation for novel treatments for systemic lupus erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charrise M. Ramkissoon ◽  
Amparo Güemes ◽  
Josep Vehi
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the skin, joints, kidneys, and central nervous system. Although great progress has been made over the years, patients still experience unfavorable secondary effects from medications, increased economic burden, and higher mortality rates compared to the general population. To alleviate these current problems, non-invasive, non-pharmacological interventions are being increasingly investigated. One such intervention is non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, which promotes the upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that reduces the activation and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, culpable processes in autoimmune diseases such as SLE. This review first provides a background on the important contribution of the autonomic nervous system to the pathogenesis of SLE. The gross and structural anatomy of the vagus nerve and its contribution to the inflammatory response are described afterwards to provide a general understanding of the impact of stimulating the vagus nerve. Finally, an overview of current clinical applications of invasive and non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation for a variety of diseases, including those with similar symptoms to the ones in SLE, is presented and discussed. Overall, the review presents neuromodulation as a promising strategy to alleviate SLE symptoms and potentially reverse the disease.

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