scholarly journals Epidemiological Review of Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma in Asian Countries

Digestion ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Noriaki Manabe ◽  
Kazuhiro Matsueda ◽  
Ken Haruma

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Similar trends in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), obesity, and <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection have been observed in Asian and Western countries despite their time differences. However, it is unclear whether the prevalence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas in Asian countries is increasing. In this review, we discuss the epidemiological trends of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in Asian countries. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The prevalence of GERD is increasing in Asian countries, but most cases are considered mild. Obesity is a serious problem worldwide, but it is considered less serious in Asia than in Western countries. In Asian countries where gastric cancer is common, both cardiac and noncardiac cancers are associated with high rates of <i>H. pylori</i> infection, which is considered a carcinogenic risk factor for both sites of cancer. The widespread use of <i>H. pylori</i> eradication therapy for chronic gastritis in several Asian countries has not directly led to an increased prevalence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. One of the originating sites of junctional adenocarcinoma in most Asian countries is Barrett’s esophagus, with short-segment Barrett’s esophagus having much lower carcinogenicity than long-segment Barrett’s esophagus. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Considering the future trends of several risk factors for gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma in Asian countries, it is likely that the incidence of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma will gradually increase, but not at a rate that exceeds that of squamous cell carcinoma, as in Western countries.

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (51) ◽  
pp. 2040-2046

Összefoglaló. Az 1970-es évek előtt a nyelőcsőrákok csupán 1–3%-a volt adenocarcinoma. A 70-es évek közepétől a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma mutatta a legnagyobb növekedést az összes malignus daganat közül, és a 90-es évek közepétől már meghaladta a laphámrákok előfordulási gyakoriságát a nyugati világban. Ma a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma relatív incidenciája Magyarországon 34,7%, míg a nyugati világban már 60% körül van. A nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma etiológiájában meghatároztak néhány kockázati tényezőt, így a gastrooesophagealis refluxot, a Barrett-nyelőcsövet, a kóros kövérséget, a dohányzást és a csökkenő Helicobacter pylori fertőzöttséget. Ezek a tényezők azonban jelen voltak már a 70-es évek előtt is. A kövérség előfordulásának gyakorisága és a következményes gastrooesophagealis reflux megduplázódott az elmúlt 40 évben, de ez egyedül nem magyarázza az adenocarcinomák szaporodásának ütemét. Egy új, hatékony savcsökkentő gyógyszercsoportnak, a H2-receptor-blokkolóknak a bevezetésére 1976-ban került sor, és ez egybeesik a szokatlanul nagy incidencianövekedéssel. Tom DeMeester teóriája szerint a savcsökkentő kezelés által létrehozott pH-változás okozhatja a refluxátum carcinogenitasának fokozódását. A Barrett-oesophagus és a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma etiológiájában, megelőzésében és kezelésében számos ellentmondás és vitás kérdés tapasztalható, különösen a protonpumpagátló gyógyszerek (PPI-k) hosszú távú használata körül. A PPI-k hatásossága a gyógyszer túlzott alkalmazásához vezetett nem mindig megfelelő indikációban, kitéve a betegeket potenciális kockázatoknak. Összefoglalva, a nyelőcső-adenocarcinoma drámai növekedésében biztosan szerepet játszik az elhízás és a refluxbetegség ezzel párhuzamos terjedése. Fontos továbbá a H. pylori fertőzöttség csökkenése, és új szempont a hatásos savcsökkentő szerek széles körű alkalmazása, melyek a refluxátumban okozott pH-változással erősíthetik a carcinogenesist. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2040–2046. Summary. Before the 1970s, only 1–3% of esophageal cancers were adenocarcinoma. Since the mid-70s, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has shown the greatest increase compared to all other cancer types and overtook squamous carcinoma incidence in the mid-90s in the Western countries. Today, the relative incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Hungary is 34.7% and around 60% in the Western countries. Some risk factors for esophageal adenocarcinoma have been identified such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, Barrett’s esophagus, obesity, smoking and decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, but these risk factors were already present before the 70s. The prevalence of obesity and the consequentially developed gastroesophageal reflux has doubled during the last 40 years, but it does not explain alone the dramatic rise in the esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence. The H2 blockers, as new effective antisecretory medication, were introduced in 1976, coinciding in time with the substantial rise of esophageal adenocarcinoma. According to the DeMeester theory, the change in the pH of gastric refluxate caused by acid suppression enhances its carcinogenic potential. There are a lot of controversies among the prevention, etiology and treatment of Barrett’s esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, especially regarding the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), an even more effective group of acid suppressors. The effectiveness of PPIs has led to an overuse exceeding its regular indications with little benefit, exposing patients to a number of potential risks. In conclusion, in the dramatic rise of the esophageal adenocarcinoma incidence, obesity accompanied by reflux disease and the decreased incidence of H. pylori infection certainly play important roles. The introduction of modern antisecretory drugs in the treatment of acid-related diseases promoting carcinogenesis, arises as a new consideration. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2040–2046.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Lovekirat Dhaliwal ◽  
Prasad G. Iyer

Endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) is safe and effective in the management of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) related dysplasia and early adenocarcinoma. EET includes endoscopic resection of the visible lesions followed by ablation to eradicate the residual Barrett’s epithelium. Techniques available for endoscopic resection include cap-based endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Ablative therapies such as RFA, cryoablation and APC are used for the eradication of dysplastic BE and to prevent progression to EAC. Complete remission of intestinal metaplasia is the goal of EET. Post-treatment endoscopic surveillance is recommended to detect recurrence of metaplasia/dysplasia, mostly at the gastroesophageal junction.


2013 ◽  
Vol 144 (5) ◽  
pp. S-187
Author(s):  
Maria Giacchino ◽  
Sharad C. Mathur ◽  
Vijay Kanakadandi ◽  
Gokulakrishnan Balasubramanian ◽  
Neil Gupta ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. E348-E355
Author(s):  
David L. Diehl ◽  
Harshit S. Khara ◽  
Nasir Akhtar ◽  
Rebecca J. Critchley-Thorne

Abstract Background and study aims The TissueCypher Barrett’s Esophagus Assay is a novel tissue biomarker test, and has been validated to predict progression to high-grade dysplasia (HGD) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in patients with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of TissueCypher on clinical decision-making in the management of BE. Patients and methods TissueCypher was ordered for 60 patients with non-dysplastic (ND, n = 18) BE, indefinite for dysplasia (IND, n = 25), and low-grade dysplasia (LGD, n = 17). TissueCypher reports a risk class (low, intermediate or high) for progression to HGD or EAC within 5 years. The impact of the test results on BE management decisions was assessed. Results Fifty-two of 60 patients were male, mean age 65.2 ± 11.8, and 43 of 60 had long segment BE. TissueCypher results impacted 55.0 % of management decisions. In 21.7 % of patients, the test upstaged the management approach, resulting in endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) or shorter surveillance interval. The test downstaged the management approach in 33.4 % of patients, leading to surveillance rather than EET. In the subset of patients whose management plan was changed, upstaging was associated with a high-risk TissueCypher result, and downstaging was associated with a low-risk result (P < 0.0001). Conclusions TissueCypher was used as an adjunct to support a surveillance-only approach in 33.4 % of patients. Upstaging occurred in 21.7 % of patients, leading to therapeutic intervention or increased surveillance. These results indicate that the TissueCypher test may enable physicians to target EET for TissueCypher high-risk BE patients, while reducing unnecessary procedures in TissueCypher low-risk patients.


2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A1382
Author(s):  
Hector Cardona ◽  
Oscar Gutierrez ◽  
J. Becerra ◽  
William Otero ◽  
Antonia Sepulveda ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e0167815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng Chen ◽  
Yao-Chun Hsu ◽  
Ching-Tai Lee ◽  
Chia-Chang Hsu ◽  
Chi-Ming Tai ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. S-559
Author(s):  
Shreyas Saligram ◽  
Matthew Hall ◽  
Prashanth Vennalaganti ◽  
Stefan Seewald ◽  
Alessandro Repici ◽  
...  

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