scholarly journals Reduction of Four-Wave Mixing in DWDM System using Electro-Optic Phase Modulator

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2384
Author(s):  
Naif Alsowaidi ◽  
Tawfig Eltaif ◽  
Mohd Ridzuan Mokhtar ◽  
Belal A. Hamida
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Phase Modulator ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Phase Deviation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Dwdm System

<span>In this paper, electro-optic phase modulator (EOPM) is used to reduce the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM), which is placed after 64 DWDM-channels multiplexer. It was found that the FWM is very sensitive to the phase deviation of the EOPM, and it can be reduced by introducing a phase shift between pulses. The simulation results confirmed the ability of the EOPM in improving the system performanceas indicated by the bit error rates. In term of comparison, the system of 64 channels based intensity modulated/ direct detection (IM/DD) transmission achieved bit error rate of 10<sup>-26</sup> over 30 km and 70km without and with EOPM, respectively.</span>

Suppress the FWM by Increasing Channel Spacing and Chromatic Dispersion of Fiber in WDM System

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerpal Kaur ◽  
Kamaljit Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Chromatic Dispersion ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Output Spectrum ◽  
Channel Spacing ◽  
Maximum Value

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the effect of channel spacing and chromatic dispersion on four wave mixing in WDM system. Dominating effect of four wave mixing is minimizing at maximum value of dispersion and channel spacing. Power of FWM, Q-factor, bit error rate and output spectrum is used to measure the performance of system.

DYNAMIC HOLOGRAPHIC IMAGING USING PHOTOREFRACTIVE POLYMERS BASED ON A BORONATE-DERIVATIVE NONLINEAR CHROMOPHORE

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2625-2634 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. MALDONADO ◽  
G. RAMOS-ORTÍZ ◽  
O. BARBOSA-GARCÍA ◽  
M. A. MENESES-NAVA ◽  
L. MÁRQUEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
New Class ◽  
Holographic Imaging ◽  
Writing Beam ◽  
Photorefractive Polymers ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Photorefractive Polymer ◽  
One Year ◽  
Test Objects

We report dynamic holographic imaging with organic photorefractive polymer composites, doped with the electro-optic chromophore (2-(p-chlorophenyl)-(3′-nitrobenzo[d])-(4′′-methoxybenzo[h])-1,3-dioxa-6-aza-2-boracyclonon-6-ene, a push-pull molecule derived from a new class of boronates. The composites are based on the photoconductor poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) as the polymer matrix, and 9-ethylcarbazole (ECZ) as the plasticizer, with the fullerene C 60 as sensitizer. A tilted four-wave mixing geometry was used to record and reconstruct two-dimensional test objects, using a 10 mW He – Ne laser (632.8 nm). The recording response time was less than one second for a light intensity of ≈350 mW/cm 2 in each writing beam. The erasing time had a similar value. These composites have been used for over one year with no appreciable signs of degradation or crystallization.

scholarly journals Effect of Four Wave Mixing in WDM Systems for Higher number of Channels

2013 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
A. Panda ◽  
D. P. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Access Networks ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Channel Spacing ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stages ◽  
Simulation Results

The integration of wireless and optical networks increases the capacity and mobility as well as decreases costs in the access networks. However, there are nonlinearity and obstacles preventing them from being perfect media. A serious issue for WDM systems is the presence of resonant four wave mixing (FWM) terms, as a result of interactions between different channels. FWM presents a major source of non-linear cross talk since they often fall near or on top of the desired signals. So the best solution is to avoid the FWM generation from early design stages. The effect of four wave mixing (FWM) as one of the influential factors in the WDM for RoF has been studied here using Optisystem. The investigation of FWM effect with different number of channels at various channel spacing has also been done. The simulation results reveal that the less number of users at input cause less FWM but in today’s technology, it is important for the circuit to handle WDM.

scholarly journals Modified Unequally Spaced Channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing System

2008 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Unequally Spaced ◽  
Frequency Spacing ◽  
Active Channels

The channels contributed in creating new pulse during the four-wave mixing (FWM) process are a subject of two features: the first is the fact that all channels are not working with probability %100 , but with p probability. Second, the bits transmitted are not all "1". Therefore, the equation of power generated using these features should be corrected. On the other hand, the use of equally spaced channels wavelength divisionmultiplexing (ESC WDM) system cause an increase in the number of new components generated that interfere with the active channels and increase the bit error rate. In order to reduce these interferences, we have provided an unequally spaced channels wavelength division-multiplexing (USC WDM) system composed of several sets. Each set consists of only four channels, which locations have been selected to cause no interferences between them. Neighboring sets are separated by a frequency spacing which should be large enough to reduce the interferences between the sets, andsmall enough to increase the total number of channels of the system.

Μεθοδολογία προσομοίωσης δρομολόγησης πραγματικού χρόνου σε οπτικά δίκτυα με ατέλειες φυσικού στρώματος

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Βασίλειος Αναγνωστόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Phase Modulation ◽  
Routing And Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Wavelength Assignment ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
All Optical

Η Διατριβή επικεντρώνεται στη μελέτη αλγορίθμων online δρομολόγησης και παροχής Ποιότητας Υπηρεσίας (Quality of Service) σε δίκτυα ΑΟΝ (All Optical Networks) WDM τα οποία χρησιμοποιούν το σχήμα MPλS (Multi-Protocol Lambda Switching). Αναπτύσσεται η θεωρία δρομολόγησης κάτω από impairments (ατέλειες φυσικού στρώματος) με έμφαση τα μη-γραμμικά φαινόμενα και ειδικά τα φαινόμενα FWM (Four Wave Mixing) και XPM (Cross Phase Modulation). Δίνεται έμφαση στην αποτελεσματική διαχείριση και τον υπολογισμό των σταθερών οι οποίες χρησιμοποιούνται για την μοντελοποίηση των διαφόρων φυσικών διεργασιών οι οποίες αλλοιώνουν το σήμα και οδηγούν σε μείωση του BER (Bit Error Rate) του συνδέσμου και κατ’ επέκτασιν τη χειροτέρευση της ποιότητας υπηρεσίας. Σε ένα τέτοιο πλαίσιο σχεδιάζεται και προτείνεται ένας προσομοιωτής ο οποίος με βάση προσεγγιστικά αναλυτικά μοντέλα μπορεί και προσομοιώνει μια πληθώρα αλγορίθμων RWA (Routing and Wavelength Assignment) για τη σύγκριση των υπαρχόντων προσεγγίσεων με τις προτεινόμενες από τον συγγραφέα. Κεντρικό στοιχείο της διατριβής είναι η αυτόνομη διαχείριση του δικτύου και η αύξηση με ευφυείς μεθόδους δρομολόγησης της περιοχής διαφάνειας του δικτύου κάτω από πραγματικές συνθήκες και όχι με τη σχεδίαση χειρότερης περίπτωσης. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο αυξάνεται η εκμετάλλευση του υπάρχοντος εύρους ζώνης του δικτύου χωρίς την ανάγκη εγκατάστασης νέου για να αντιμετωπιστούν οι ατέλειες φυσικού μέσου. Τέλος μελετάται η ελαχιστοποίηση της παρέμβασης του διαχειριστή με χρήση της αυτόματης δρομολόγησης και ανάθεσης μήκους κύματος που προσφέρεται από εξελιγμένους αλγορίθμους. Τα αποτελέσματα δικαιολογούνται με εκτενείς προσομοιώσεις.

REVIEW ARTICLE ON THE MITIGATION OF FOUR WAVE MIXING IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65
Author(s):  
Robert Oluwayimika Abolade ◽  
Oluwaseun Olayinka Tooki ◽  
David Oluwagbemiga Aborisade
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Four Wave Mixing ◽  
Wave Mixing ◽  
Fibre Optics ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Dwdm System ◽  
Nonlinear Impairments

The main challenge faced in today's telecommunication is the ever increasing demand for bandwidth and data rates. The desire to expand the capacity of fiber optic communication to accommodate this demand accelerated the development of high capacity Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) transmission equipment. However, nonlinear impairments are the fundamental limiting mechanisms to the amount of data that can be transmitted in DWDM. In DWDM, Four Wave Mixing is the most critical of nonlinear effects in fibre optics communication. This effect limits the DWDM’s channel capacity. There are numerous researches on nonlinear impairments that show the intricacy of FWM phenomena in DWDM system. This article present review of the several measures which have been carried out by researchers to overcome nonlinear effects in DWDM. Such measures include Modulation Formats, Channel Spacing, Channel Shuffling Algorithm and Electro-Optic Phase Modulation. The review provides insight into the methods, parameters and approaches used by other researchers. This will pave way for can thus lead to significant improvement in the design of DWDM system.

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