Abstract
Background: Continuum of care for maternal health services (CMHS) is a proven approach to improve health and safety for mothers and newborns. This study aims to explore the influence of China’s 2009 healthcare reform on improving the CMHS utilisation. Methods: This population-based cross-sectional quantitative study included 2332 women drawn from the fourth and fifth National Health Service Surveys of Shaanxi Province, conducted in 2008 and 2013 respectively, before and after China’s 2009 healthcare reform. A generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) was applied to analyse the influence of this healthcare reform on utilisation of CMHS. Concentration curves, concentration indexes and its decomposition method were used to analyse the equity of changes in utilisation. Results: According to China’s policy defining CMHS, post-reform CMHS utilisation was higher in both rural and urban women. The rate of CMHS utilisation increased from 24.66% to 41.55% for urban women and from 18.31% to 50.49% for rural women (urban: χ2=20.64, P<0.001; rural: χ2=131.38, P<0.001). This finding is consistent when the WHO’s level of CMHS is applied for rural women after reform (12.13% vs 19.26%; χ2=10.99, P=0.001); for urban women, CMHS utilisation increased from 15.70% to 20.56% (χ2=2.57, P=0.109). The GLMM showed the rate of CMHS utilisation for urban women post-reform was five times higher than pre-reform rates (OR=5.02, 95%CL: 1.90, 13.31); it was close to 15 times higher for rural women (OR=14.70, 95%CL: 5.43, 39.76). The concentration index decreased from 0.130 pre-reform (95%CI: -0.026, 0.411) to -0.041 post-reform (95%CI: -0.096, 0.007) for urban women; it decreased from 0.104 (95%CI: -0.012, 0.222) to 0.019 (95%CI: -0.014, 0.060) for rural women. The horizontal inequity index for both groups of women also decreased (0.136 to -0.047 urban and 0.111 to 0.019 for rural). Conclusions: China’s 2009 healthcare reform has positively influenced utilisation rates and equity of utilisation of the CMHS among both urban and rural women in Shaanxi Province. We expect that similar impacts might be observed in other settings in China and, if so, may provide lessons in policy design to other countries looking to reduce maternal and newborn mortality.