scholarly journals Effects of polio eradication activities on routine immunization: lessons from the 2013 outbreak response in Somali region of Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belete Tafesse ◽  
Ephrem Tekle ◽  
Liya Wondwossen ◽  
Mengistu Bogale ◽  
Braka Fiona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Somali Region

scholarly journals How has the Stop Transmission of Polio Program consultants and Open Data Kit technology contributed towards polio eradication efforts in Kenya?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brook Tesfaye ◽  
Alieu Sowe ◽  
Jeevan K. Makam
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽  
Afp Surveillance ◽  
Open Data Kit

Abstract Background: Polio eradication efforts in Kenya include the development of a skilled local workforce and the application of innovative technologies. This paper describes the role of Stop Transmission of Polio Program (STOP) consultants and the use of Open Data Kit (ODK) technology in strengthening polio eradication efforts in Kenya.Methods: Overview of the STOP program, deployment, and the modality of support is described. The application of innovative ODK technology was examined. Descriptive analysis was conducted on data collected by the STOP consultants during supportive supervisions using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 22) and maps were developed using Quantum Geographic Information System (GIS) (version 3.4.1).Results: STOP consultants supportively supervised eight hundred seventy health facilities both on routine immunization (RI) and on Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance system in 16 (34.1%) counties during the study period. Active surveillance for AFP was conducted in all health facilities supervised, and 11 unreported cases of AFP were detected and investigated. STOP consultants, as part of an outbreak response, provided technical support on five successive rounds of polio Supplementary Immunization Activities (SIAs) conducted during period studied. Moreover, addressing programmatic data needs, the STOP data manager has played a valuable role in enhancing the quality and use of data for evidence-based decision-making, both routine immunization and AFP surveillance. ODK technology was used in AFP surveillance, routine and supplementary immunization activities being a part of the package of electronic tools available in the country. Conclusion: STOP consultants have contributed extensively to polio eradication efforts in Kenya, through enhancing active case search, supporting outbreak response, strengthening routine immunization program, training/ capacity building of Frontline Health Workers (FLW), data analysis, interpretation and supportive supervision. The application of ODK technology has contributed to generating real-time quality data for informed decision making including spatial data, even in resource-limited hard to reach settings where the likelihood of poliovirus transmission is higher. A national STOP program should be modeled to produce homegrown qualified personnel who are able to support eradication and response activities in Kenya.

scholarly journals A Collaborative Initiative to Strengthen Sustainable Public Health Capacity for Polio Eradication and Routine Immunization Activities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region

10.2196/14664 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e14664
Author(s):  
Magid Al Gunaid ◽  
Faris Lami ◽  
Najwa Jarour
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Global Polio Eradication Initiative ◽  
Eradicate Polio ◽  
And Control

The many challenges in the Eastern Mediterranean region put the involved countries at risk of polio transmission and affect their ability to meet progress targets in eliminating vaccine-preventable diseases. The Global Health Development (GHD) and Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network (EMPHNET) are working together on the project “Strengthening sustainable public health capacity in the Eastern Mediterranean region for polio eradication and routine immunization activities” with an overall goal of improving routine immunization, eradicating poliovirus, and controlling/eliminating or eradicating other vaccine-preventable diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The aim of this manuscript is to describe the project and the achievements of GHD/EMPHNET over the last 3 years (2016-2018) to build effective surveillance and immunization systems in the Eastern Mediterranean region through the development of a sustainable and competent public health system to eradicate polio and control/eliminate vaccine-preventable diseases. This project assists the targeted Eastern Mediterranean region countries to build effective surveillance and immunization systems in an effort to expand their capacities to eradicate polio and control/eliminate other vaccine-preventable diseases. The project is streamlined with the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Strategic Framework for Global Immunization 2016-2020, and the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018. The project also supports the Global Health Security Agenda by focusing on efforts to accelerate progress toward a world safe and secure from infectious disease threats. Project activities were designed to respond to countries’ needs and assist them in building their institutional and workforce capacity to effectively plan, implement, and evaluate activities to eradicate polio and strengthen routine immunization activities. The project activities covered a set of areas including surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis and other vaccine-preventable diseases, family and community engagement, workforce capacity building, improvement of data quality, management and use of information systems, use of polio assets to control/eliminate other vaccine-preventable diseases, support of countries to develop national strategies, piloting of innovative initiatives, program evaluation and accountability, and immunization strengthening. The project adopts the Global Polio Eradication Initiative strategies for assisting countries to strengthen routine immunization services, maintain highly sensitive acute flaccid paralysis surveillance, and sustain polio eradication functions.

scholarly journals Monitoring Results in Routine Immunization: Development of Routine Immunization Dashboard in Selected African Countries in the Context of the Polio Eradication Endgame Strategic Plan

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S226-S236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Poy ◽  
Maya M. V. X. van den Ent ◽  
Stephen Sosler ◽  
Alan R. Hinman ◽  
Sidney Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Plan ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
African Countries

scholarly journals Efforts Towards Polio Eradication in Madagascar: 1997 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol Special Issue (2) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Marcellin Mengouo Nimpa ◽  
Noëline Ravelomanana Razafiarivao ◽  
Annick Robinson ◽  
Mamy Randriatsarafara Fidiniaina ◽  
Richter Razafindratsimandresy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
World Health ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
African Region ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Free Status

Background: In 1988, the World Health Assembly launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. WHO AFRO is close to achieve this goal with the last wild poliovirus detected in 2014 in Borno States in Nigeria. The certification of the WHO African Region requires that all the 47 member states meet the critical indicators for a polio free status. Madagascar started implementing polio eradication activities in 1996 and was declared polio free in June 2018 in Abuja. This study describes the progress achieved towards polio eradication activities in Madagascar from 1977- 2017 and highlights the remaining challenges to be addressed. Methods: Data were collected from the national routine immunization services, Country Acute Flaccid surveillance databases and national reports of SIAS and Mop Up campaign. Country complete polio and immunization related documentation provided detailed historical information’s. Results: From 1997 to 2017, Madagascar reported one wild poliovirus (WPV) outbreak and four circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Virus (cVDPV) oubreaks with a total of 21 polioviruses (1 WPV and 21 cVDPV). The last WPV and cVDPV were notified in 1997 in Antananarivo and 2015 in Sakaraha health districts respectively. Madagascar met the main polio surveillance indicators over the last ten years and made significant progress following the last cVDPV2 outbreak in 2014 -2015. In addition, the country successfully implemented the switch from trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine (tOPV) to bivalent Oral Polio vaccine (bOPV) and containment activities. Environmental Surveillance established since 2015 did not reveal any poliovirus. The administrative coverage of the 3rd dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV3) varied across the years from 55% in 1991 to a maximum of 95% in 2007 before a progressive decrease to 86% in 2017. The percentage of AFP cases with more than 3 doses of oral polio vaccines increased from 56% in 2014 to 88% in 2017. A total of 19 supplementary immunization activities (SIA) were conducted in Madagascar from 1997 to 2017, among which 3 were subnational immunization days (sNID) and 16 were national immunization days (NIDs). Poor routine coverage contributed to the occurrence of cVDPC outbreaks in the country; addressing this should remain a key priority for the country to maintain the polio free status. From 2015 to June 2017, Madagascar achieved the required criteria leading to the acceptance of the country’s polio-free documentation in June 2018 by ARCC. However, continuous efforts will be needed to maintain a highly sensitive polio surveillance system with emphasis on security compromised areas. Finally strengthening the health system and governance at all levels will be necessary if these achievements are to be sustained. Conclusions: High national political commitment and support of the Global Polio Eradication Partnership were critical for Madagascar to achieve polio free status. Socio-political instability, weakness of the health system, sub-optimal routine immunization performance, insufficient SIA quality and existing security compromised areas remain critical program challenges to address in order to maintaining the polio free status. Continuous high-level advocacy should be kept in order to ensure that new government authorities maintain polio eradication among the top priorities of the country.

scholarly journals Controlling polio outbreak due to imported wild poliovirus in Indonesia: A success story

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumarmo Poorwo Soedarmo ◽  
Sidik Utoro
Keyword(s):  
Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Success Story ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
First Case ◽  
Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Outbreak Response Immunization

Background As a WHO member state, Indonesia is committed toGlobal Polio Eradication. The last indigenous polio case was found in 1995. However, we faced a big challenge with the occurrence of polio outbreak, beginning with a polio case caused by imported wild poliovirus (WPV) type 1 in Sukabumi in 2005. The virus was originated from Sudan and imported to Indonesia through Saudi Arabia. The outbreak ended with totally 305 cases throughout the country. The last one occurred on 20 February 2006 in Aceh Tenggara District, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. In addition and separated from the WPV type 1 outbreak, in August 2005, four Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) cases with type 1 Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) in stool samples were identified in Madura, East Java Province. The first case was on 9 June 2005 and ended with 45 cases in Madura and another case in Probolinggo District, East Jawa.Objective To report a success of controlling outbreak of importedWPV in Indonesia.Methods Outbreak Response Immunization (ORI) and mopup immunization were conducted immediately. To completelystop the transmission, three rounds of National ImmunizationDays (NIDs) were conducted in 2005 (August, September, andNovember). Some more Supplementary Immunization Activities(SIAs) were conducted in 2006 (mop up in January, NIDs inFebruary and early April, mop ups in June and August 2006).For the VDPV outbreak, ORI of 18,880 children in 83 villagestook place during the first week of August, beside three roundsofNIDs in 2005.Results All activities resulted in satisfactorily coverage, whereeach round always exceeded 95%.Conclusions Those activities were conducted successfully andproven to be effective to stop the outbreak. Then again, Indonesia can be a polio free country in the coming years.

scholarly journals Contribution of polio eradication initiative to strengthening routine immunization: Lessons learnt in the WHO African region

Vaccine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (43) ◽  
pp. 5187-5192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanche-Philomene Melanga Anya ◽  
Edna Moturi ◽  
Teka Aschalew ◽  
Mable Carole Tevi-Benissan ◽  
Bartholomew Dicky Akanmori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
African Region ◽  
Lessons Learnt

scholarly journals The Potential Contribution of Supplementary Immunization Activities to Routine Immunization in Kebbi State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272093269
Author(s):  
Semeeh A. Omoleke ◽  
Biniam Getachew ◽  
Catherine S. Igoh ◽  
Taofik A. Yusuf ◽  
Surajudeen A. Lukman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Pentavalent Vaccine ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Supplementary Immunization Activities ◽  
Short Period

Background: Among the strategies of the Polio Eradication Initiative, the landmark interventions are routine immunization (RI) and supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). RI is the provision of vaccination service at the health facility and conducted year-round. SIAs are a community-based intervention targeting large numbers of an eligible population within a short period. Hence, the study aimed to assess the contributions of SIAs on access and utilization of RI services. Methods: We conducted the study in 10 local government areas in Kebbi State, northwestern Nigeria. We analyzed RI data from January to September 2019 and included the 4 SIAs conducted in January, April, August, and September in the same years. The number of children vaccinated, the trend of BCG, pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks, and measles coverage and dropout rates (DORs) were analyzed. Results: For all the selected vaccines, the highest contributions to RI were recorded during the August 2019 fractional Inactivated Polio Vaccine (fIPV) campaign. On the other hand, the least contributions were noted during January SIAs. The BCG coverage showed an erratic trend with the lowest in February and highest in July 2019. The coverage for the pentavalent vaccine at 6 and 10 weeks was lowest in February and September. The pentavalent vaccine DOR pattern showed the lowest in February with value of 0% and the highest in June with 12%. Except for May and June, the Pentavalent vaccine DORs for all other months were <10%. February 2019 had the lowest measles coverage. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the integration of RI into SIAs could improve RI coverage. and potentially reduce DOR, especially when the integration is of good quality and conducted at short and regular intervals. Although SIAs are instrumental at increasing RI coverage, the disruption of RI services may occur due to overlapping resources and poor planning. Therefore, SIAs should be adequately planned by program managers to strengthen RI service delivery during the SIAs implementation.

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