scholarly journals Treatment of fractures and other orthopedic problems in cats and dogs using versatile external fixator

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e182908
Author(s):  
Yetkin Öztürk ◽  
Serhat Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ulna Fractures ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Limb Fractures ◽  
New Generation

Many complicated bone fractures can be healed by different techniques including linear external fixation. New generation linear external fixators enhanced the scope of application for bone fractures by mechanical progress. Difficulties include implementing enough pins through fixation clamps to the comminuted fragments or clamp addition and fixing it properly to the rod with the correct pin insertion angle. Effective configurations may not always result. This study sought to reveal the clinical efficiency of modified clamps of a versatile external fixator (VEF) to fix different types of fractures and orthopedic problems according to the radiographic and clinical results. We used this fixator on 17 cats and 17 dogs of different ages and sizes, having different types of antebrachium, humerus, tibia, ulna fractures, and bone-muscle deformities. Clamps had different features to connect fixator pins. Many fixator configurations were created according to the fracture type and body weight of the animals. The most used ones were unilateral and bilateral configurations. The callus formation and visual gait analysis were observed after the operations, until the removal of the fixator. After fixator removal, the visual gait status of the limbs was excellent in 67% of the cases, good in 15%, fair in 12%, and poor in 6%. We found that rods and fixator pins were connected easily by semi-locked clamps. Also, the double pin holding clamps saved space on the fixation rod by the application of two pins through one clamp. We think that clamps of versatile external fixators can easily be constructed to limb fractures and save time during surgery. 

scholarly journals Optimization of a Patient-Specific External Fixation Device for Lower Limb Injuries

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2661
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Alqahtani ◽  
Abdulsalam Abdulaziz Al-Tamimi ◽  
Mohamed H. Hassan ◽  
Fengyuan Liu ◽  
Paulo Bartolo
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Limb Injuries

The use of external fixation devices is considered a valuable approach for the treatment of bone fractures, providing proper alignment to fractured fragments and maintaining fracture stability during the healing process. The need for external fixation devices has increased due to an aging population and increased trauma incidents. The design and fabrication of external fixations are major challenges since the shape and size of the defect vary, as well as the geometry of the human limb. This requires fully personalized external fixators to improve its fit and functionality. This paper presents a methodology to design personalized lightweight external fixator devices for additive manufacturing. This methodology comprises data acquisition, Computer tomography (CT) imaging analysis and processing, Computer Aided Design (CAD) modelling and two methods (imposed predefined patterns and topology optimization) to reduce the weight of the device. Finite element analysis with full factorial design of experiments were used to determine the optimal combination of designs (topology optimization and predefined patterns), materials (polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, and polyamide) and thickness (3, 4, 5 and 6 mm) to maximize the strength and stiffness of the fixator, while minimizing its weight. The optimal parameters were found to correspond to an external fixator device optimized by topology optimization, made in polylactic acid with 4 mm thickness.

scholarly journals Older age and multi-joint external fixator are two risk factors of complications in ulnar lengthening in children with hereditary multiple exostosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Huanli Han ◽  
Yujiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Hereditary Multiple Exostosis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ulnar Lengthening

Abstract Objectives Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) often involves forearm deformities. The aim of this study was to present the clinical results of 37 children who underwent ulnar lengthening with two different types of unilateral external fixators and to investigate the risk factors of complications. Methods We evaluated 37 children with forearm deformities caused by HME treated in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2019. The surgical procedures included resection of exostosis, osteotomy of the ulna, and gradual lengthening of the ulna with a unilateral external fixator. According to the type of fixator they received, the children were divided into two groups: group A received monorail fixators and group B received multi-joint fixators. Radiographic and functional parameters were assessed. Complications were recorded. Results All patients were followed-up for an average of 4.6 years (3.0 to 6.5). In both group A and group B, the ulna shortening (US), radial articular angle (RAA), carpal slip (CS), elbow flexion, forearm pronation, supination, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) values improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively (p < 0.05). However, the ulnar deviation was observed in 4 cases in group B and no cases in group A. According to logistic regression, the difference was only related to age (p < 0.05) and the type of external fixator (p < 0.05). Conclusions Ulnar lengthening with unilateral external fixation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of HME. Regarding complications, deviation of the ulna axis was more likely to occur in older children with multi-joint external fixators.

scholarly journals Treatment of extremity fractures in 20 wild birds with a modified Meynard external fixator and clinical assessment of the results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gerbaga Ozsemir ◽  
K Altunatmaz
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Femur Fracture ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
White Storks ◽  
Ulna Fractures ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
Humerus Fractures ◽  
Imperial Eagle ◽  
Aquila Heliaca

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the treatment on twenty wild birds presenting with fractures that were stabilised with modified Meynard external fixators. The study material consisted of a total of twenty birds of eight different species, six white storks (Ciconia ciconia), one eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), one European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), one long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus), three common buzzard (Buteo buteo), one northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), one Armenian gull (Larus armenicus), and six yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), which were diagnosed with fractures in their extremity bones following clinical and radiological examinations. The lesions of the twenty cases evaluated in the study were diagnosed as humerus fractures in nine cases, ulna fractures in three cases, tibiotarsus fractures in seven cases and a femur fracture in one case. The external fixators were removed between weeks five and nine postoperatively. While healing was seen in twelve of the twenty evaluated cases, the complete functional recovery occurred in six of these and they were released into nature. It was concluded that modified Meynard external fixator, which was made applicable for fractures in birds, could be an alternative method for fracture treatments in wild birds.

scholarly journals The Effect of External Fixator Configurations on the Dynamic Compression Load: An Experimental and Numerical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Ana Martins Amaro ◽  
Maria Fátima Paulino ◽  
Luis Manuel Roseiro ◽  
Maria Augusta Neto
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Compression Load ◽  
Bone Callus

(1) Objective: External fixation systems are commonly used by surgeons to ensure stabilization and consolidation of bone fractures, especially in patients who are at high risk for systematic complications. Both rigid and elastic external fixations are important in the fracture healing process. This study aims to evaluate the behavior of the Orthofix Limb Reconstruction System (LRS)® in the dynamic compression mode. (2) Methods: Experimental and numerical setups were developed using a simplified model of a human tibia which consisted of a nylon bar with a diameter of 30 mm. The bone callus was included in both setups by means of a load cell-based system, which consisted of two carbon epoxy laminated composite plates with a final stiffness of 220 N/mm. The system was evaluated experimentally and numerically, considering different numbers of pins and comparing distances between the external fixator frame and the bone, achieving a good correlation between experimental and numerical results. (3) Results: The results identified and quantified the percental load transferred to the fracture and its sensibility to the distance between the external fixator and bone. Additionally, LRS locking stiffness was evaluated which resulted from the clamp-rail clearances. The results show that the blocking effects of the free clamp movement are directly related to the fixator configuration and are responsible for changes in the amount of load that crosses the bone callus. (4) Conclusions: From the biomechanical point of view, the results suggest that the average bending span of Schanz pins and the weights of the patients should be included into clinical studies of external fixators comparisons purpose.

scholarly journals Results of application of external fixation with different types of fixators

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Predrag Grubor ◽  
Milan Grubor
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Computer Simulator ◽  
Lateral Plane ◽  
Healthy Part

Introduction. Extra-focal or external fixation is the method of fracture fixation through the healthy part of the bone using pins or wires. Objective. The aim was to determine which external splints (Ortofix, Mitkovic, Charnley and Ilizarov) had the best biomechanical properties in primary stabilization of spiral, transverse and commutative bone fractures. Methods. To determine the investigation methodology of biomechanical characteristics of the external fixator we used mathematical and computer simulator (software), juvidur physical model and clinical examination. Results. Values of advancing fragments in millimetres obtained by the study of mathematical and computer simulator (software): Charnley - 0.080 mm, Mitkovic M 20 - 0.785 mm, Ilizarov - 2.245 mm and Ortofix - 1.400 mm. In testing the juvidur model the following values were obtained: the external fixator Mitkovic M20 - 1.380 mm, Ortofix - 1.470 mm, Ilizarov - 2.410 mm, and Charnley - 2.510 mm. Clinical research of biomechanical characteristics of the effect of vertical force yielded the following results: Mitkovic M20 - 0.89 mm, Ortofix - 0.14 mm, Charnley - 0.80 mm and Ilizarov - 1.23 mm. Conclusion. When determining the total number of the stability test splints under the effect of vertical force (compression) and force effect in antero-posterior, later-lateral plane of cross, spiral and comminuted long bone fractures, the best unified biomechanical stability was shown by the following external fixators: firstly, Mitkovic M20 (0.93mm), secondly, Charnley fixator (1.14 mm), thirdly, Ortofix (1.22 mm), and fourthly, Ilizarov (1.60 mm).

scholarly journals Gradual Lengthening of the Ulna for the Treatment of Forearm Deformities in Children with Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: A Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Huanli Han ◽  
Yujiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Hereditary Multiple Exostosis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ulnar Lengthening

Abstract Objectives: Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) often involves forearm deformities. The aim of this study was to present the clinical results of 37 children who underwent the surgical procedure of ulnar lengthening with two different types of single arm external fixators.Methods: We evaluated 37 children with forearm deformities caused by HME treated in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2019. The surgical procedures included resection of exostosis, osteotomy of the ulna, and gradual lengthening of the ulna with a single arm external fixator. According to the type of external fixator they received, the children were divided into two groups: group A received monorail fixators, and group B received multi-joint fixators. Radiographic and functional parameters were assessed. Complications were recorded.Results: All patients were followed up for an average of 4.6 years (3.0 to 6.5). In both group A and group B, the ulna shortening (US), radial articular angle (RAA), carpal slip (CS), elbow flexion, forearm pronation, supination, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) values improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively (p < 0.05). However, ulnar deviation was observed in 4 cases in group B and no cases in group A. According to logistic regression, the difference was only related to age (p<0.05) and the type of external fixator (p<0.05). Conclusions: Ulnar lengthening with unilateral external fixation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of HME. Regarding complications, deviation of the ulna axis was more likely to occur in older children with multi-joint external fixators.

scholarly journals Older age and multi-joint external fixator are two risk factors of complications in ulnar lengthening in children with hereditary multiple exostosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zheng ◽  
Huanli Han ◽  
Yujiang Cao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Elbow Flexion ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Hereditary Multiple Exostosis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ulnar Lengthening

Abstract Objectives: Hereditary multiple exostosis (HME) often involves forearm deformities. The aim of this study was to present the clinical results of 37 children who underwent ulnar lengthening with two different types of unilateral external fixators, and to investigate the risk factors of complications. Methods: We evaluated 37 children with forearm deformities caused by HME treated in our hospital from January 2008 to July 2019. The surgical procedures included resection of exostosis, osteotomy of the ulna, and gradual lengthening of the ulna with a single arm external fixator. According to the type of external fixator they received, the children were divided into two groups: group A received monorail fixators, and group B received multi-joint fixators. Radiographic and functional parameters were assessed. Complications were recorded. Results: All patients were followed up for an average of 4.6 years (3.0 to 6.5). In both group A and group B, the ulna shortening (US), radial articular angle (RAA), carpal slip (CS), elbow flexion, forearm pronation, supination, and Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) values improved significantly from preoperatively to postoperatively ( p < 0.05). However, ulnar deviation was observed in 4 cases in group B and no cases in group A. According to logistic regression, the difference was only related to age ( p <0.05) and the type of external fixator ( p <0.05). Conclusions: Ulnar lengthening with unilateral external fixation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of HME. Regarding complications, deviation of the ulna axis was more likely to occur in older children with multi-joint external fixators.

Different Types of Auricular Keloids and Treatment by Intralesional Cryosurgery: Best Practice for Obtaining Long-Lasting Clinical Results

Dermatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yaron Har-Shai ◽  
Lior Har-Shai ◽  
Viktor A. Zouboulis ◽  
Christos C. Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Aesthetic Outcome ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Auricular keloids belong to the most perplexing medical conditions, which have significant psychosocial impact on the patient’s body image and quality of life. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> The article is purposed to provide dermatologists and plastic surgeons with the best proven practice using intralesional cryosurgery for the treatment of the different auricular keloid types in order to obtain superior clinical results by minimizing the probability of recurrence. In the past 20 years, the authors have developed novel procedures in order to increase the effectiveness of intralesional cryosurgery on auricular keloids, including hydrodissection, warm gauze technique, and excision of dangling skin. Long-lasting clinical results with a low recurrence rate and a satisfactory aesthetic outcome are achieved with no deformation of the ear framework.

scholarly journals Cements with calcareous fly ash as component of low clinker eco-self compacting concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-201
Author(s):  
Jacek Gołaszewski ◽  
Grzegorz Cygan ◽  
Tomasz Ponikiewski ◽  
Małgorzata Gołaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hardened Concrete ◽  
Self Compacting Concrete ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Ecological Self ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Main Component ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Good Workability

AbstractThe main goal of the presented research was to verify the possibility of obtaining ecological self-compacting concrete of low hardening temperature, containing different types of cements with calcareous fly ash W as main component and the influence of these cements on basic properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Cements CEM II containing calcareous fly ash W make it possible to obtain self-compacting concrete (SCC) with similar initial flowability to analogous mixtures with reference cement CEM I and CEM III/B, and slightly higher, but still acceptable, flowability loss. Properties of hardened concretes with these cements are similar in comparison to CEM I and CEM III concretes. By using cement nonstandard, new generation multi-component cement CEM “X”/A (S-W), self-compacting concrete was obtained with good workability and properties in hardened state.

scholarly journals Internal Radioulnar Fixation for Treatment of Nonunion of Proximal Radius and Ulna Fractures in a Toy Breed Dog

VCOT Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. e24-e31
Author(s):  
Luca Vezzoni ◽  
Paolo Abrescia ◽  
Aldo Vezzoni
Keyword(s):  
Locking Plate ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Distal Ulna ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Proximal Radius ◽  
Locking Screws ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Ulna Fractures

AbstractIn this case report, we describe an alternative surgical procedure to treat proximal radius and ulnar nonunion in a toy breed dog. A 14-month-old, Maltese cross-breed dog was referred after previous treatment with external and internal fixation had failed, resulting in a nonunion of a fracture of the proximal radius and ulna with the proximal radius fragment too small and friable to be used for fixation. A craniomedial approach was made to debride the radius nonunion site and a second approach to the lateral aspect of the ulna was made. The fracture was realigned and a titanium locking plate was applied in bridging fashion, fixed to the proximal ulnar fragment with three locking screws in the most proximal plate holes, a fourth screw was inserted in the mid-shaft of the distal ulnar fragment and three locking screws were inserted in the distal most holes of the plate through the distal ulna to engage the distal radial fragment. A recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 graft was inserted into the radius and ulna fracture sites. The dog had a successful clinical and radiographic outcome with bridging of the defect 4 weeks postoperatively and complete callus formation 8 weeks postoperatively. Implants have undergone dynamization and then removal. Use of a locking plate as an internal fixator achieving fixation of the proximal ulna and distal radius can be considered an option for the treatment of proximal radioulnar nonunions with a small proximal radial fragment.

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