scholarly journals Treatment of extremity fractures in 20 wild birds with a modified Meynard external fixator and clinical assessment of the results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Gerbaga Ozsemir ◽  
K Altunatmaz
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Femur Fracture ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
White Storks ◽  
Ulna Fractures ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
Humerus Fractures ◽  
Imperial Eagle ◽  
Aquila Heliaca

The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the treatment on twenty wild birds presenting with fractures that were stabilised with modified Meynard external fixators. The study material consisted of a total of twenty birds of eight different species, six white storks (Ciconia ciconia), one eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca), one European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), one long-legged buzzard (Buteo rufinus), three common buzzard (Buteo buteo), one northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), one Armenian gull (Larus armenicus), and six yellow-legged gulls (Larus michahellis), which were diagnosed with fractures in their extremity bones following clinical and radiological examinations. The lesions of the twenty cases evaluated in the study were diagnosed as humerus fractures in nine cases, ulna fractures in three cases, tibiotarsus fractures in seven cases and a femur fracture in one case. The external fixators were removed between weeks five and nine postoperatively. While healing was seen in twelve of the twenty evaluated cases, the complete functional recovery occurred in six of these and they were released into nature. It was concluded that modified Meynard external fixator, which was made applicable for fractures in birds, could be an alternative method for fracture treatments in wild birds.

Methyl methacrylate in external fixation of supracondylar humerus fractures: An experimental study

2018 ◽  
Vol 232 (10) ◽  
pp. 1025-1029
Author(s):  
Ali Güleç ◽  
Mehmet Ali Acar ◽  
Bahattin Kerem Aydin ◽  
Teyfik Demir ◽  
Mustafa Özkaya
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Fixation Methods ◽  
Supracondylar Humerus Fractures ◽  
Methacrylate Group ◽  
Humerus Fractures ◽  
K Wires

Supracondylar humerus fractures are common fractures around the elbow. Open fractures, comminuted metaphyseal fractures and also fractures with bone loss may need to be treated with external fixators. The aim of this study is to compare two different external fixators, tubular external fixators and polymethyl methacrylate with K wires external fixators, with regard to stiffness and stability for metaphyseal-diaphyseal osteotomies of distal humerus close to the joint. Six matched pairs (24 specimens) of second-generation sawbone humerus were prepared in a standard fashion to create a metaphyseal fracture, 5 cm proximal to the distal joint line of humerus and were randomly divided into two groups of 12 specimens each. Each sawbone humerus was osteotomized transversely at the mid-olecranon fossa with a 2-mm oscillating saw to simulate a Gartland type III fracture. The osteotomy was then reduced and stabilized using two different external fixation methods: carbon tubular external fixator with Schanz screws and methyl methacrylate with multiple K wires. Three-point bending and torsion tests were performed on the specimens. Bending and torsional stiffness of specimens were obtained for the fixation methods. According to the results of the study, the methyl methacrylate group has provided higher stiffness than classical tubular fixator with Schanz screws in three-point bending test (7.79 ± 2.33 N/mm vs 3.78 ± 1.18 N/mm, p = 0.006). The methyl methacrylate group also showed better stiffness in torsion test (0.12 ± 0.042 N m/° vs 0.067 ± 0.013 N m/°, p = 0.02). We determined for the first time in literature that external fixation with methyl methacrylate was significantly superior to the classical tubular external fixator with Schanz screws with regard to stiffness and stability under three-point bending and torsional loads. Moreover, methyl methacrylate is inexpensive and easily applied.

scholarly journals Finite Element Analysis of External Fixator for Treating Femur Fracture: Analysis on Stainless Steel and Titanium as Material of External Fixator

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284
Author(s):  
Nurnedilah Mohammad Kata ◽  
Nur Afikah Zainal Abidin ◽  
Aishah Umairah Abd Aziz ◽  
Abdul Halim Abdullah ◽  
Ng Bing Wui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Femur Fracture ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Medical Software ◽  
Von Mises

An external fixator device is a medical implant used to keep fractured bones stabilized and in alignment. It consists of pins which are placed into the bone, extending outside the surface of the skin, and attached to a rigid external rod to keep it in place. The aim of this study is to investigate the most suitable material used for the external fixator. Firstly, the 3D model of two unilateral uniplanar external fixator with the properties of titanium and stainless steel were constructed at Solidworks software with all the other parameters set to constant. Meanwhile, CT images of the lower limb were used to reconstruct a 3D model of the femur fracture at Mimics Medical software. Positioning and meshing of both the external fixator and the femur done at 3-Matics Medical and export as Patran for simulation at Marc Mentat software. 375 N load was applied at the most proximal femur to simulate stance phase of a gait cycle. From the findings, external fixator by using stainless steel as material properties have lower maximum von Mises Stress (18.40 MPa) at the femur and (103.69 MPa) at the fixator compared to the titanium (32.38 MPa) at the femur and (182.93 MPa) at the fixator. The result shows a difference of 75% of maximum von Mises Stress at the femur and the external fixator. Configuration by using stainless steel displaced 1.15 mm at the femur and 1.01 mm at the fixator which almost double value of displacement for titanium material for both femur (2.35 mm) and external fixator (2.11 mm). In conclusion, stainless steel external fixators provide better stability when compared to titanium external fixators. 

scholarly journals Treatment of fractures and other orthopedic problems in cats and dogs using versatile external fixator

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. e182908
Author(s):  
Yetkin Öztürk ◽  
Serhat Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
External Fixator ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ulna Fractures ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Limb Fractures ◽  
New Generation

Many complicated bone fractures can be healed by different techniques including linear external fixation. New generation linear external fixators enhanced the scope of application for bone fractures by mechanical progress. Difficulties include implementing enough pins through fixation clamps to the comminuted fragments or clamp addition and fixing it properly to the rod with the correct pin insertion angle. Effective configurations may not always result. This study sought to reveal the clinical efficiency of modified clamps of a versatile external fixator (VEF) to fix different types of fractures and orthopedic problems according to the radiographic and clinical results. We used this fixator on 17 cats and 17 dogs of different ages and sizes, having different types of antebrachium, humerus, tibia, ulna fractures, and bone-muscle deformities. Clamps had different features to connect fixator pins. Many fixator configurations were created according to the fracture type and body weight of the animals. The most used ones were unilateral and bilateral configurations. The callus formation and visual gait analysis were observed after the operations, until the removal of the fixator. After fixator removal, the visual gait status of the limbs was excellent in 67% of the cases, good in 15%, fair in 12%, and poor in 6%. We found that rods and fixator pins were connected easily by semi-locked clamps. Also, the double pin holding clamps saved space on the fixation rod by the application of two pins through one clamp. We think that clamps of versatile external fixators can easily be constructed to limb fractures and save time during surgery. 

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF IN VIVO EFFECT OF PERCUTANEOUS BONE MARROW INJECTION VS WITHOUT INJECTION ON UNION OF OPEN TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURES WITH EXTERNAL FIXATOR

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Hrishikesh Desai ◽  
Kirtiraj G ◽  
Abhay P
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Autologous Bone Marrow ◽  
Tibial Fractures ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Open Tibial Fractures ◽  
Autologous Bone ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Radiological Union

Background : Open tibial fractures are notorious fractures because the open wound leaves us with limited options and means multiple operations with long intervals for the patient. The usual method of treatment of contaminated, late presenting and complicated fractures is a temporary external fixator followed by conversion into a costly definitive procedure once the wound has healed. The secondary definitive procedure also means extra cost in an already economically stressed patient.In our set up we have to often let patients leave with a plaster cast after removing the external fixator for economic constrains. Per cetaceous autologous bone marrow injection while the patient is on external fixator is one alternative that we have tried to deal with this problem hoping for a primary union without any costly intervention. Materials and methods : We had 42 cases of open tibial fractures which were treated with external fixator and per cutaneous bone marrow injection while 38 other cases which were used as control with only the external fixator and no injections. We included open fractures of only Gustilo Anderson type II,IIIA and B for our study. Study was conducted between period of June 2012 and December 2013 at SBKS medical college . Results : In group one, 34 of the 42 patients had a radiological union before 12 weeks while another 2 in 16 weeks. For group 2 , only 16 of the 38patients had radiological union at 12 weeks and no more at 16 weeks. The average time of union for group 1 was 10 weeks while of group 2 was 12 weeks .Function of the union cases of both the groups was similar in all aspects including distance of walking and ability to carry out daily activities. Conclusion : Per cutaneous autologous bone marrow injections are cheap , easily available and successful alternative to a secondary procedure for open tibial fractures on external fixators.

scholarly journals Can a linear external fixator stand as a surgical alternative to open reduction in treating a high-grade supracondylar humerus fracture?

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Barak Rinat ◽  
Eytan Dujovny ◽  
Noam Bor ◽  
Nimrod Rozen ◽  
Guy Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Open Reduction ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Supracondylar Humerus Fractures ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Humerus Fractures ◽  
Carrying Angle

Objective High-grade pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures are commonly treated with closed reduction and internal fixation with percutaneous pinning. When this fails, open reduction followed by internal fixation is the widely accepted procedure of choice. Use of a lateral external fixator was recently described as an optional procedure, but evidence is scarce. Methods We investigated the outcomes of upper limbs treated by either open reduction with internal fixation or closed reduction and external fixation. Results Twenty-one patients completed the long-term follow-up; 11 underwent open reduction, and 10 underwent external fixation. Most patients in both groups reported excellent satisfaction. In both groups, the modified Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score was extremely low and the average elbow range of motion was almost identical. Radiographic analysis consisting of Baumann’s angle and the carrying angle revealed no statistical difference between the two groups. Discussion Optional treatment using a linear external fixator for complex nonreducible supracondylar humerus fractures yielded acceptable clinical and radiographic results, as with open reduction. Our sample size was small, but the promising results may assist in the implementation of an alternative surgical procedure, especially in more complicated cases involving flexion-type fractures or severe soft tissue damage and swelling.

Evaluation of Stiffness and Stress of External Fixators with Curved Acrylic Connecting Bars

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
External Fixator ◽  
External Fixators ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis

SummaryThe use of acrylic connecting bars in external fixators has become widespread in veterinary orthopaedics. One of the main advantages of an acrylic connecting bar is the ability to contour it into a curved shape. This allows the surgeon to place the transcortical pins according to safety and convenience considerations, without being bound by the requirement of the standard stainless steel connecting bar, that all transcortical pins be in the same plane.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stiffness of unilateral and bilateral medium-sized external fixator frames with different curvatures of acrylic connecting bars. Finite element analysis was used to model the various frames and obtain their stiffness under four types of load: Axial compression, four-point medio-lateral bending, fourpoint antero-posterior bending and torsion. The analysis also provided the maximal pin stresses occurring in each frame for each loading condition.Based on the results of this study, curvatures of acrylic connecting bars of up to a maximal angular difference between pins of 25° will result in very similar stiffness and maximal pin stresses to those of the equivalent, uniplanar stainless steel system. In both unilateral and bilateral systems the stiffness decreases slightly as angulation increases for axial compression and medio-lateral bending, increases slightly for torsion and increases substantially for antero-posterior bending.External fixator systems with curved acrylic connecting bars are commonly used in veterinary orthopaedics. This paper evaluates the biomechanical performance of such systems by applying the finite element analysis method. It shows that external fixators with curved acrylic connecting bars exhibit stiffness and maximal pin stresses which are similar to those of the standard stainless steel system.

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