C-Reactive Protein Frequently Colocalizes With the Terminal Complement Complex in the Intima of Early Atherosclerotic Lesions of Human Coronary Arteries

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) has been suggested as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been shown that CRP binds to ligands exposed in ischaemic damaged tissue and activates the complement system. Furthermore, CRP was demonstrated to be strongly and independently associated with the occurrence of heart failure in men. In this study we have investigated the presence of CRP and the Terminal Complement Complex (C5b-9) in the myocardium of patients suffering from non-ischaemic heart failure. Methods and Results: Endomyocardial biopsies were taken from 151 patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy. Biopsies were immunohistochemically analysed for the presence and distribution pattern of CRP and C5b-9. In 39 patients plasma levels of hsCRP and NT-proBNP were measured and correlated with myocardial biopsy findings. In 47 patients a positive staining for CRP and in 141 patients a positive staining for C5b-9 was detected. CRP and C5b-9 significantly co-localised within the myocardium. A negative correlation was observed for plasma hsCRP levels and myocardial CRP. Conclusions: This study shows for the first time that CRP is frequently present in the myocardium of patients suffering from non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy and co-localises with the Terminal Complement Complex. CRP may contribute to myocardial damage in dilated cardiomyopathy via activating the complement system.

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Pentraxin 3: A Novel Biomarker for Inflammatory Cardiovascular Disease

International Journal of Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/657025 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kenji Inoue ◽

Tatsuhiko Kodama ◽

Hiroyuki Daida

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Pentraxin 3 ◽

Human Endothelial Cells ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Physiological Concentration ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Human Genes

Numerous studies have recently examined the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in clinical situations. The pentraxin family includes C-reactive protein (CRP); however, unlike CRP, PTX3 is expressed predominantly in atherosclerotic lesions that involve macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, or smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, PTX3 gene expression in human endothelial cells is suppressed to a greater extent by pitavastatin than the expression of 6,000 other human genes that have been examined, suggesting that PTX3 may be a novel biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease. The expression and involvement of PTX3 in cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this paper, along with the characteristics of PTX3 that make it a suitable biomarker; namely, that the physiological concentration is known and it is independent of other risk factors. The results discussed in this paper suggest that further investigations into the potential novel use of PTX3 as a biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease should be undertaken.

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A significant correlation between C - reactive protein levels in blood monocytes derived macrophages versus content in carotid atherosclerotic lesions

Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1186/1476-9255-11-7 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marielle Kaplan ◽

Shadi Hamoud ◽

Yevgeny Tendler ◽

Edna Meilin ◽

Aviva Lazarovitch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Monocytes ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Versus Content ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions

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Native C‐reactive protein does not increase formation of atherosclerotic lesions in apolipoprotein E‐deficient mice

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.21.5.a16-b ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Miguel A Ortiz ◽

Marcelo J Sosa ◽

Candace L Walker ◽

Gonzalo L Campana ◽

George Boguslawski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apolipoprotein E ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽

Deficient Mice

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C-reactive protein correlates with macrophage accumulation in coronary arteries of hypercholesterolemic pigs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00342.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 1301-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

James R. Turk ◽

Jeffery A. Carroll ◽

M. Harold Laughlin ◽

Tom R. Thomas ◽

Jennifer Casati ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Arteries ◽

Foam Cells ◽

Positive Staining ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Serum Crp ◽

Macrophage Accumulation

A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation in coronary artery disease. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that CRP correlates with macrophage accumulation during the initial stages of coronary vascular disease. Adult male pigs were fed a normal chow (NF) or a high-fat high-cholesterol (HF) diet for 20 wk. After 20 wk, blood was collected for analyses of interleukin-6 (IL-6), CRP, and lipids. After blood collection, the pigs were euthanized and the right coronary arteries (RCA) were harvested and fixed in neutral buffered formalin. Paraffin-embedded sections of RCA were stained immunohistochemically for CRP, scavenger receptor A (SRA), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). All cholesterol fractions were elevated in the HF vs. the NF group ( P < 0.05). There was little or no positive staining for CRP, SRA, or MCP-1 in the RCA of NF pigs, but there was extensive staining in lipidladen macrophage foam cells in the HF pigs. Double staining revealed colocalization of CRP with SRA and CRP with MCP-1 in foam cells. Serum IL-6 was below the assay detection limit in all pigs. Serum CRP correlated directly with plasma total cholesterol ( R = 0.727, P = 0.041) and accumulation of SRA-positive macrophages ( R = 0.938, P < 0.001) in RCA of HF pigs. We conclude that serum CRP correlates with macrophage accumulation and coronary artery disease in hypercholesterolemic pigs.

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C-Reactive Protein in Atherosclerotic Lesions

American Journal Of Pathology ◽

10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61202-3 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 167 (4) ◽

pp. 1139-1148 ◽

Cited By ~ 111

Author(s):

Huijun Sun ◽

Tomonari Koike ◽

Tomonaga Ichikawa ◽

Kinta Hatakeyama ◽

Masashi Shiomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions

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Fibrinolytic Factors, Serum Lipid and C-reactive Protein Predicting Cardiac Events in Japanese Patients With Coronary Atherosclerotic Lesions

Japanese Circulation Journal ◽

10.1253/jcj.63.976 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 976-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Takeshi Soeki ◽

Yoshiyuki Tamura ◽

Hisanori Shinohara ◽

Hideji Tanaka ◽

Kanji Bando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Lipid ◽

Japanese Patients ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Cardiac Events ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions

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Effects of Antisense Oligonucleotides against C-Reactive Protein on the Development of Atherosclerosis in WHHL Rabbits

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2014/979132 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qi Yu ◽

Zhengcao Liu ◽

Ahmed Bilal Waqar ◽

Bo Ning ◽

Xianghong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Antisense Oligonucleotides ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Atherosclerotic Lesions

Increased plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases, but whether CRP is directly involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is still under debate. Many controversial and contradictory results using transgenic mice and rabbits have been published but it is also unclear whether CRP lowering can be used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In the current study, we examined the effects of the rabbit CRP antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) on the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits. CRP ASO treatment led to a significant reduction of plasma CRP levels; however, both aortic and coronary atherosclerotic lesions were not significantly changed compared to those of control WHHL rabbits. These results suggest that inhibition of plasma CRP does not affect the development of atherosclerosis in WHHL rabbits.

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