scholarly journals Water Pipe (Hookah) Smoking and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruni Bhatnagar ◽  
Wasim Maziak ◽  
Thomas Eissenberg ◽  
Kenneth D. Ward ◽  
George Thurston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Hookah Smoking ◽  
Scientific Statement

scholarly journals Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar R. El Khoudary ◽  
Brooke Aggarwal ◽  
Theresa M. Beckie ◽  
Howard N. Hodis ◽  
Amber E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Scientific Statement ◽  
Menopause Transition

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, who have a notable increase in the risk for this disease after menopause and typically develop coronary heart disease several years later than men. This observation led to the hypothesis that the menopause transition (MT) contributes to the increase in coronary heart disease risk. Over the past 20 years, longitudinal studies of women traversing menopause have contributed significantly to our understanding of the relationship between the MT and CVD risk. By following women over this period, researchers have been able to disentangle chronological and ovarian aging with respect to CVD risk. These studies have documented distinct patterns of sex hormone changes, as well as adverse alterations in body composition, lipids and lipoproteins, and measures of vascular health over the MT, which can increase a woman’s risk of developing CVD postmenopausally. The reported findings underline the significance of the MT as a time of accelerating CVD risk, thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring women’s health during midlife, a critical window for implementing early intervention strategies to reduce CVD risk. Notably, the 2011 American Heart Association guidelines for CVD prevention in women (the latest sex-specific guidelines to date) did not include information now available about the contribution of the MT to increased CVD in women. Therefore, there is a crucial need to discuss the contemporary literature on menopause and CVD risk with the intent of increasing awareness of the significant adverse cardiometabolic health–related changes accompanying midlife and the MT. This scientific statement provides an up-to-date synthesis of the existing data on the MT and how it relates to CVD.

scholarly journals Developing an Internally Validated Veterans Affairs Women Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score Using Veterans Affairs National Electronic Health Records

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haekyung Jeon‐Slaughter ◽  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Shirling Tsai ◽  
Bala Ramanan ◽  
Ramin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Veterans Affairs ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Classification Index

Background The current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association women cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk score suboptimally estimates CVD risk for young and minority women in the military. The current study developed an internally validated CVD risk score for women military service members and veterans using the Veterans Affairs (VA) national electronic health records data. Methods and Results The study cohort included 69 574 White, Black, and Hispanic women service members and veterans aged 30 to 79 years in 2007 treated in the VA Health Care System between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2017 (henceforth, VA women). Stratified by race and ethnicity, the new VA women CVD risk model estimated risk coefficients and 10‐year CVD risk using a time‐variant covariate Cox model. Harrell C‐statistics, calibration plots, and net classification index were used to assess accuracy and prognostic performance of the new VA women CVD risk model. The new internally validated VA women CVD risk score performed better in predicting VA women 10‐year atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease risk than the pooled cohort American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association risk score in both accuracy (White Harrell C‐statistics, 70% versus 61%; Black, 68% versus 63%) and prognostic performance (White net classification index, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.26–0.33; Black net classification index, 0.06; 95% CI, 0.03–0.09). Conclusions The proposed VA women CVD risk score improves accuracy of the existing American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association CVD risk assessment tool in predicting long‐term CVD risk for VA women, particularly in young and racial/ethnic minority women.

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