Abstract MP83: Increases in Vigorous Physical Activity Improve Pulse Wave Velocity in Adolescents

Introduction: The beneficial effects of vigorous physical activity (VPA) on arterial stiffness have been established, but the effect of changes in VPA over time on these vascular measures is unclear. Hypothesis: Increases in VPA will be associated with improvement in measures of arterial stiffness. Methods: As part of a longitudinal study of the effects of obesity & diabetes on cardiovascular health, 317 subjects (mean age 17.2 years at baseline, 38% male, 63% non-Caucasian) were enrolled and followed up 5 years later. Anthropometrics, accelerometer-measured physical activity, blood pressure, central and peripheral measures of arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV), brachial distensibility (BrachD), and augmentation index (AI)), and blood (lipids & metabolic tests) were collected. General linear modeling was performed to test for the independent relationship of change in VPA with change of arterial stiffness. Results: Overall, VPA increased slightly (0.2 minutes) from baseline to follow up. Increased VPA from baseline to follow up was significantly associated (P = 0.0364) with a decrease in PWV but was not associated with a change in BrachD nor AI. The effect of change in VPA on change in PWV was independent of change in glucose (P = 0.024), but not independent of changes in BMI, blood pressure, lipids, or CRP. Conclusions: Increase in vigorous physical activity during late adolescence is significantly associated with improved pulse wave velocity. This relationship may be mediated through improvements in other cardiovascular risk factors such as body mass index, blood pressure, and lipids.

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Volume status and arterial blood pressures are associated with arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/0391398818778212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (7) ◽

pp. 378-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alper Erdan ◽

Abdullah Ozkok ◽

Nadir Alpay ◽

Vakur Akkaya ◽

Alaattin Yildiz

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Pressure ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Mean Blood Pressure ◽

Aortic Blood ◽

Aortic Blood Pressure

Background: Arterial stiffness is a strong predictor of mortality in hemodialysis patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate possible relations of arterial stiffness with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis and aortic blood pressure parameters. Also, effects of a single hemodialysis session on these parameters were studied. Methods: A total of 75 hemodialysis patients (M/F: 43/32; mean age: 53 ± 17) were enrolled. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure were measured by applanation tonometry before and after hemodialysis. Extracellular fluid and total body fluid volumes were determined by bioimpedance analysis. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (9.30 ± 3.30 vs 7.59 ± 2.66 m/s, p < 0.001), augmentation index (24.52 ± 9.42 vs 20.28 ± 10.19, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (38 ± 14 vs 29 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with age (r2 = 0.15, p = 0.01), total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), peripheral mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.10, p = 0.005), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02), aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001), and extracellular fluid/total body fluid (r2 = 0.30, p < 0.0001). Pre-dialysis augmentation index was associated with total cholesterol (r2 = 0.06, p = 0,02), aortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.16, p < 0.001), and aortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.22, p < 0.001). Δcarotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.02) and inversely correlated with baseline carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (r2 = 0.29, p < 0.001). Pre-dialysis Δaugmentation index was significantly associated with Δaortic-mean blood pressure (r2 = 0.09, p = 0.009) and Δaortic pulse pressure (r2 = 0.06, p = 0.03) and inversely associated with baseline augmentation index (r2 = 0.14, p = 0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis (adjusted R2 = 0.46, p < 0.001) to determine the factors predicting Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, extracellular fluid/total body fluid and peripheral mean blood pressure significantly predicted Log carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (p = 0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusion: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and aortic pulse pressure significantly decreased after hemodialysis. Arterial stiffness was associated with both peripheral and aortic blood pressure. Furthermore, reduction in arterial stiffness parameters was related to reduction in aortic blood pressure. Pre-dialysis carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was associated with volume status determined by bioimpedance analysis. Volume control may improve not only the aortic blood pressure measurements but also arterial stiffness in hemodialysis patients.

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Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-72339/v4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William B Horton ◽

Linda A Jahn ◽

Lee M Hartline ◽

Kevin W Aylor ◽

James T Patrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Healthy Humans

Abstract Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: We conclude that the acute combination of moderate hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia preferentially stiffens central elastic arteries. This effect may be due to increased sympathetic activity. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).

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Different Relationship Between Physical Activity, Arterial Stiffness, and Metabolic Status in Obese Subjects

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2016-0595 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 716-725 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hyung Joon Joo ◽

Sang-A Cho ◽

Jae-Young Cho ◽

Seunghun Lee ◽

Jae Hyung Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Glucose Level ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Obese Subjects

Background:Although the relationship between physical activity and arterial stiffness has been shown in healthy persons, it remains controversial in obese persons.Methods:From January 2014 to September 2014, we evaluated 795 obese subjects from 25 public health centers in Seoul, Korea. We compared physical activity and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) between obese subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetS) (MO) and obese subjects without MetS (NMO).Results:The MO group had more men, higher body mass index (BMI), higher fasting glucose level, lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, and higher triglyceride level. The mean physical activity levels were similar between the 2 groups. baPWV was higher in the MO group than the NMO group. MO group showed positive correlation between baPWV and physical activity (Ptrend = 0.04). Interestingly, baPWV was significantly higher in the MO group than in the NMO group in subjects with moderate and vigorous physical activity (1403.4 cm/sec vs 1349 cm/sec [95% CI 21.4 to 87.4], P < .05). Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity was apparently associated with age, BMI, blood pressure, and glucose level.Conclusions:In a community-based population, baPWV was higher in obese MetS group compared with obese non-MetS group. Physical activity showed different association with baPWV depending on metabolic status.

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Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Association With Aircraft Noise Exposure: Long-Term Observation and Potential Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17704 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wiktoria Wojciechowska ◽

Andrzej Januszewicz ◽

Tomasz Drożdż ◽

Marta Rojek ◽

Justyna Bączalska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Aircraft Noise ◽

Unexposed Group

In a cross-sectional analysis of a case-control study in 2015, we revealed the association between increased arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity) and aircraft noise exposure. In June 2020, we evaluated the long-term effects, and the impact of a sudden decline in noise exposure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown, on blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, comparing 74 participants exposed to long-term day-evening-night aircraft noise level > 60 dB and 75 unexposed individuals. During the 5-year follow-up, the prevalence of hypertension increased in the exposed (42% versus 59%, P =0.048) but not in the unexposed group. The decline in noise exposure since April 2020 was accompanied with a significant decrease of noise annoyance, 24-hour systolic (121.2 versus 117.9 mm Hg; P =0.034) and diastolic (75.1 versus 72.0 mm Hg; P =0.003) blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity (10.2 versus 8.8 m/s; P =0.001) in the exposed group. Less profound decreases of these parameters were noticed in the unexposed group. Significant between group differences were observed for declines in office and night-time diastolic blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. Importantly, the difference in the reduction of pulse wave velocity between exposed and unexposed participants remained significant after adjustment for covariates (−1.49 versus −0.35 m/s; P =0.017). The observed difference in insomnia prevalence between exposed and unexposed individuals at baseline was no more significant at follow-up. Thus, long-term aircraft noise exposure may increase the prevalence of hypertension and accelerate arterial stiffening. However, even short-term noise reduction, as experienced during the COVID-19 lockdown, may reverse those unfavorable effects.

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MON-LB52 Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness in Acromegaly Patients

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.2110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

sevil alagüney ◽

Goknur Yorulmaz ◽

Toygar Ahmet Kalkan ◽

Kadir Ugur Mert ◽

Muhammet Dural ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Results ◽

Blood Pressures

Abstract Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality primarily attributed to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, thus demonstrating the negative arterial impact of chronic GH and IGF-1 excess. There are limited and conflicting data regarding coronary artery disease (CAD) in acromegaly that consists mainly of heterogeneous cohorts and pathological reviews of old case series. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction. Arterial stiffness may measured from pulse wave velocity(PWV). In this study we aimed to evaluate the association between pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index in acromegalic patients. Methods: Our study population consists of a consecutive subset of 32 acromegalic patients and 19 control. Acromegalic patients IGF 1 levels were noted. All patients BMI, age, blood pressure, gender also were noted. Also pulse pressure, central blood pressures were measured by non-invasive central blood pressure measurement device (SphygmoCor). Pulse wave velocity and aortic augmentation index were measured by the same device. Results: A total of 32 acromegalic patients and 19 control were enrolled in the study. Body mass index and gender were not significantly different between the groups. Aortic augmentation index (5 vs. 6, p =0,685) variables weren’t significantly different in the study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly high in the acromegalic group. (130/82 vs. 120/70) PWV was significantly high in the acromegalic group. (13 vs 11,5 p=0,002)Conclusions: Our study results suggest that acromegaly patients have worse arterial stiffness due to increased pulse wave velocity. Acromegaly is associated with increased morbidity and mortality primarily attributed to cardiovascular problems. We thought that it may be a guiding method in disease management since it can be an early marker of cardiovascular risk.Keywords: acromegaly, pulse wave velocity, aortic augmentation index

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Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-72339/v5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William B Horton ◽

Linda A Jahn ◽

Lee M Hartline ◽

Kevin W Aylor ◽

James T Patrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Healthy Humans

Abstract Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear.Materials and Methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults.Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p=0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p>0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p=0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p=0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p=0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p=0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia.Conclusions: Hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia acutely increased cfPWV, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in healthy humans, perhaps reflecting enhanced sympathetic tone. Whether repeated bouts of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia contribute to chronically-enhanced arterial stiffness remains unknown. (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT03520569; registered 9 May 2018).Clinical Trial Information: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03520569 (registered 9 May 2018).

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Comprehensive multi-modality assessment of regional and global arterial structure and function in adults born preterm

Hypertension Research ◽

10.1038/hr.2015.102 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Henry Boardman ◽

Katherine Birse ◽

Esther F Davis ◽

Polly Whitworth ◽

Veena Aggarwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Peripheral Vessel

Abstract Preterm birth is associated with higher blood pressure, which could be because preterm birth alters early aortic elastin and collagen development to cause increased arterial stiffness. We measured central and conduit artery size and multiple indices of arterial stiffness to define the extent and severity of macrovascular changes in individuals born preterm. A total of 102 young adults born preterm and 102 controls who were born after an uncomplicated pregnancy underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance on a Siemens 1.5 T scanner to measure the aortic cross-sectional area in multiple locations. Ultrasound imaging with a Philips CX50 and linear array probe was used to measure carotid and brachial artery diameters. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and the augmentation index were measured by SphygmoCor, brachial-femoral pulse wave velocity by Vicorder and aortic pulse wave velocity by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was used as a measurement of global stiffness, and ultrasound was used to assess peripheral vessel distensibility. Adults born preterm had 20% smaller thoracic and abdominal aortic lumens (2.19±0.44 vs. 2.69±0.60 cm2, P<0.001; 1.25±0.36 vs. 1.94±0.45 cm2, P<0.001, respectively) but similar carotid and brachial diameters to adults born at term. Pulse wave velocity was increased (5.82±0.80 vs. 5.47±0.59 m s−1, P<0.01, 9.06±1.25 vs. 8.33±1.28 m s−1, P=0.01, 5.23±1.19 vs. 4.75±0.91 m s−1, P<0.01) and carotid distensibility was decreased (4.75±1.31 vs. 5.60±1.48 mm Hg−1103, P<0.001) in this group compared with the group born at term. However, the global and peripheral arterial stiffness measured by CAVI and brachial ultrasound did not differ (5.95±0.72 vs. 5.98±0.60, P=0.80 and 1.07±0.48 vs. 1.19±0.54 mm Hg−1103, P=0.12, respectively). Adults who are born preterm have significant differences in their aortic structure from adults born at term, but they have relatively small differences in central arterial stiffness that may be partially explained by blood pressure variations.

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Insulin increases central aortic stiffness in response to hyperglycemia in healthy humans: A randomized four-arm study

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/14791641211011009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 147916412110110

Author(s):

William B Horton ◽

Linda A Jahn ◽

Lee M Hartline ◽

Kevin W Aylor ◽

James T Patrie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Healthy Humans

Introduction: Increasing arterial stiffness is a feature of vascular aging that is accelerated by conditions that enhance cardiovascular risk, including diabetes mellitus. Multiple studies demonstrate divergence of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in persons with diabetes mellitus, though mechanisms responsible for this are unclear. Materials and methods: We tested the effect of acutely and independently increasing plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or both on hemodynamic function and markers of arterial stiffness (including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, forward and backward wave reflection amplitude, and wave reflection magnitude) in a four-arm, randomized study of healthy young adults. Results: Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity increased only during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia (+0.36 m/s; p = 0.032), while other markers of arterial stiffness did not change (all p > 0.05). Heart rate (+3.62 bpm; p = 0.009), mean arterial pressure (+4.14 mmHg; p = 0.033), central diastolic blood pressure (+4.16 mmHg; p = 0.038), and peripheral diastolic blood pressure (+4.09 mmHg; p = 0.044) also significantly increased during hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia. Conclusions: Hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemia acutely increased cfPWV, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in healthy humans, perhaps reflecting enhanced sympathetic tone. Whether repeated bouts of hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia contribute to chronically-enhanced arterial stiffness remains unknown.

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Insulin Increases Central Aortic Stiffness in Response To Hyperglycemia in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Four-Way Crossover Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-72339/v3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

William B Horton ◽

Linda A Jahn ◽

Lee M Hartline ◽

Kevin W Aylor ◽

Eugene J Barrett

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Wave Reflection ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Healthy Humans

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Abstract P525: The Effect of Weight Loss Combined With Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness: Results From the PREVAIL Pilot Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p525 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Damon L Swift ◽

Joshua E McGee ◽

Marie C Clunan ◽

Anna C Huff ◽

Briceida G Osborne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Pulse Wave Velocity ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Wave Velocity ◽

Pulse Wave ◽

Augmentation Index ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training

Objective: The OPTIFAST diet has known effects for weight loss, but little data exists on the effects of the diet on arterial stiffness. Methods: Overweight and obese (BMI: 34.5 + 4.0) adults (N=17) participated in a 10-week OPTIFAST™ weight loss program and supervised aerobic exercise training (50%-75% VO 2 max). The diet consisted of OPTIFAST meal replacement products with a goal of reducing total caloric intake to 800 kcals/day and attending a weekly weight management class. Aerobic exercise was performed 3 times per week and the exercise volume was progressed from 300 to 700 MET mins. per week at an intensity of 50%-75% VO2 max. The goal of study participants was to achieve a 7% weight loss. Carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity, blood pressure (aortic and brachial), vascular age, augmentation index and blood samples were measured in the morning after an overnight fast at baseline and follow-up. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate the change in outcomes variables. Results: The mean percent weight loss in the sample was 9.0% (-8.5 kg), with 83.3% of participants achieving 7% weight loss (94.1% achieving ≥5%). The adherence to the exercise program was 94.9% and attendance in the weight loss classes was 81.8%. There was a reduction in pulse wave velocity (-0.44 m/s, p=0.030), aortic systolic blood pressure (-10.5 mmHg, p<0.001), aortic diastolic blood pressure (-7.8 mmHg, p<0.001), brachial systolic blood pressure (-11.2 mmHg , p<0.001), brachial diastolic blood pressure (-7.7 mmHg, p<0.001), vascular age (-13.4 yrs., p=0.008), resting heart rate (-4.7 bpm, p=0.005), and augmentation index (-7.5%, p=0.008) after the intervention. Change in resting heart rate from the intervention was associated with improvements in augmentation index (r=0.60, p=0.010) and approached significance for pulse wave velocity (r=0.45, p=0.07). Weight loss was associated with reduction in augmentation index (r= 0.56, p=0.02), but not change in PWV (r=-0.07, p=0.78). Changes in other cardiometabolic risk factors (e.g. glucose, insulin, lipids, and body fat) were not associated with improvements in arterial stiffness or blood pressure measures (all ps>0.05). Discussion: A hypo-caloric dietary program in combination with aerobic exercise training improves arterial stiffness, aortic blood pressure, and brachial blood pressure in overweight and obese adults An important limitation of the present study is that we cannot separate the health benefits of the diet from the exercise.

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