scholarly journals Novelty Detection: A Perspective from Natural Language Processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Ghosal ◽  
Tanik Saikh ◽  
Tameesh Biswas ◽  
Asif Ekbal ◽  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Multiple Source ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
New Information ◽  
Textual Entailment ◽  
Document Level ◽  
The Web

Abstract The quest for new information is an inborn human trait and has always been quintessential for human survival and progress. Novelty drives curiosity, which in turn drives innovation. In Natural Language Processing (NLP), Novelty Detection refers to finding text that has some new information to offer with respect to whatever is earlier seen or known. With the exponential growth of information all across the web, there is an accompanying menace of redundancy. A considerable portion of the web contents are duplicates, and we need efficient mechanisms to retain new information and filter out redundant ones. However, detecting redundancy at the semantic level and identifying novel text is not straightforward because the text may have less lexical overlap yet convey the same information. On top of that, non-novel/redundant information in a document may have assimilated from multiple source documents, not just one. The problem surmounts when the subject of the discourse is documents, and numerous prior documents need to be processed to ascertain the novelty/non-novelty of the current one in concern. In this work, we build upon our earlier investigations for document-level novelty detection and present a comprehensive account of our efforts towards the problem. We explore the role of pre-trained Textual Entailment (TE) models to deal with multiple source contexts and present the outcome of our current investigations. We argue that a multi-premise entailment task is one close approximation towards identifying semantic-level non-novelty. Our recent approach either performs comparably or achieves significant improvement over the latest reported results on several datasets and across several related tasks (paraphrasing, plagiarism, rewrite). We critically analyze our performance with respect to the existing state-of-the-art and show the superiority and promise of our approach for future investigations. We also present our enhanced dataset TAP-DLND 2.0 and several baselines to the community for further researchon document-level novelty detection.

Using NLP for Fact Checking: A Survey

Designs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Eric Lazarski ◽  
Mahmood Al-Khassaweneh ◽  
Cynthia Howard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Powered ◽  
The Web

In recent years, disinformation and “fake news” have been spreading throughout the internet at rates never seen before. This has created the need for fact-checking organizations, groups that seek out claims and comment on their veracity, to spawn worldwide to stem the tide of misinformation. However, even with the many human-powered fact-checking organizations that are currently in operation, disinformation continues to run rampant throughout the Web, and the existing organizations are unable to keep up. This paper discusses in detail recent advances in computer science to use natural language processing to automate fact checking. It follows the entire process of automated fact checking using natural language processing, from detecting claims to fact checking to outputting results. In summary, automated fact checking works well in some cases, though generalized fact checking still needs improvement prior to widespread use.

Textual entailment graphs

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
LILI KOTLERMAN ◽  
IDO DAGAN ◽  
BERNARDO MAGNINI ◽  
LUISA BENTIVOGLI
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Text Analytics ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Gold Standard Dataset ◽  
Textual Entailment ◽  
Interesting Task

AbstractIn this work, we present a novel type of graphs for natural language processing (NLP), namely textual entailment graphs (TEGs). We describe the complete methodology we developed for the construction of such graphs and provide some baselines for this task by evaluating relevant state-of-the-art technology. We situate our research in the context of text exploration, since it was motivated by joint work with industrial partners in the text analytics area. Accordingly, we present our motivating scenario and the first gold-standard dataset of TEGs. However, while our own motivation and the dataset focus on the text exploration setting, we suggest that TEGs can have different usages and suggest that automatic creation of such graphs is an interesting task for the community.

Is your document novel? Let attention guide you. An attention-based model for document-level novelty detection

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Tirthankar Ghosal ◽  
Vignesh Edithal ◽  
Asif Ekbal ◽  
Pushpak Bhattacharyya ◽  
Srinivasa Satya Sameer Kumar Chivukula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Novelty Detection ◽  
Detection Task ◽  
Feature Engineering ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Neural Architecture ◽  
New Information ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Document Level

Abstract Detecting, whether a document contains sufficient new information to be deemed as novel, is of immense significance in this age of data duplication. Existing techniques for document-level novelty detection mostly perform at the lexical level and are unable to address the semantic-level redundancy. These techniques usually rely on handcrafted features extracted from the documents in a rule-based or traditional feature-based machine learning setup. Here, we present an effective approach based on neural attention mechanism to detect document-level novelty without any manual feature engineering. We contend that the simple alignment of texts between the source and target document(s) could identify the state of novelty of a target document. Our deep neural architecture elicits inference knowledge from a large-scale natural language inference dataset, which proves crucial to the novelty detection task. Our approach is effective and outperforms the standard baselines and recent work on document-level novelty detection by a margin of $\sim$ 3% in terms of accuracy.

scholarly journals A Natural Language Processing Approach to Automated Highlighting of New Information in Clinical Notes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2824
Author(s):  
Yu-Hsiang Su ◽  
Ching-Ping Chao ◽  
Ling-Chien Hung ◽  
Sheng-Feng Sung ◽  
Pei-Ju Lee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Perceived Workload ◽  
The Impact ◽  
User Experiment

Electronic medical records (EMRs) have been used extensively in most medical institutions for more than a decade in Taiwan. However, information overload associated with rapid accumulation of large amounts of clinical narratives has threatened the effective use of EMRs. This situation is further worsened by the use of “copying and pasting”, leading to lots of redundant information in clinical notes. This study aimed to apply natural language processing techniques to address this problem. New information in longitudinal clinical notes was identified based on a bigram language model. The accuracy of automated identification of new information was evaluated using expert annotations as the reference standard. A two-stage cross-over user experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of highlighting of new information on task demands, task performance, and perceived workload. The automated method identified new information with an F1 score of 0.833. The user experiment found a significant decrease in perceived workload associated with a significantly higher task performance. In conclusion, automated identification of new information in clinical notes is feasible and practical. Highlighting of new information enables healthcare professionals to grasp key information from clinical notes with less perceived workload.

scholarly journals Natural Language to SQL query Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 5069-5072
Author(s):  
Kiran Raj R
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
English Language ◽  
Regular Expression ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Query Generation ◽  
Sql Query ◽  
Speech Tagging ◽  
The Web

Today, everyone has a personal device to access the web. Every user tries to access the knowledge that they require through internet. Most of the knowledge is within the sort of a database. A user with limited knowledge of database will have difficulty in accessing the data in the database. Hence, there’s a requirement for a system that permits the users to access the knowledge within the database. The proposed method is to develop a system where the input be a natural language and receive an SQL query which is used to access the database and retrieve the information with ease. Tokenization, parts-of-speech tagging, lemmatization, parsing and mapping are the steps involved in the process. The project proposed would give a view of using of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and mapping the query in accordance with regular expression in English language to SQL.

scholarly journals Using of Natural Language Processing Techniques in Suicide Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azam Orooji ◽  
Mostafa Langarizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Teenagers And Young Adults ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
The Web

It is estimated that each year many people, most of whom are teenagers and young adults die by suicide worldwide. Suicide receives special attention with many countries developing national strategies for prevention. Since, more medical information is available in text, Preventing the growing trend of suicide in communities requires analyzing various textual resources, such as patient records, information on the web or questionnaires. For this purpose, this study systematically reviews recent studies related to the use of natural language processing techniques in the area of people’s health who have completed suicide or are at risk. After electronically searching for the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and studying articles by two reviewers, 21 articles matched the inclusion criteria. This study revealed that, if a suitable data set is available, natural language processing techniques are well suited for various types of suicide related research.

Related Blogs’ Summarization With Natural Language Processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niyati Baliyan ◽  
Aarti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
The Web ◽  
Content Generation

Abstract There is plethora of information present on the web, on a given topic, in different forms i.e. blogs, articles, websites, etc. However, not all of the information is useful. Perusing and going through all of the information to get the understanding of the topic is a very tiresome and time-consuming task. Most of the time we end up investing in reading content that we later understand was not of importance to us. Due to the lack of capacity of the human to grasp vast quantities of information, relevant and crisp summaries are always desirable. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on generating a new blog entry containing the summary of multiple blogs on the same topic. Different approaches of clustering, modelling, content generation and summarization are applied to reach the intended goal. This system also eliminates the repetitive content giving savings on time and quantity, thereby making learning more comfortable and effective. Overall, a significant reduction in the number of words in the new blog generated by the system is observed by using the proposed novel methodology.

scholarly journals Ανάλυση συναισθήματος και γνώμης

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αγγελική-Σπυριδούλα Βλαχοστέργιου
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language Processing ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Document Level

Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχει παρατηρηθεί μια αύξηση του αριθμού των προσπαθειών για την αυτόματη αναγνώριση και κατηγοριοποίηση του ανθρωπίνου συναισθήματος χρησιμοποιώντας σήματα φυσιολογίας, σήματα από το πρόσωπο, τη φωνή, καθώς επίσης και προσωπικές ερμηνείες από κείμενα μεγάλων κοινωνικών δεδομένων. Αρκετοί είναι οι τομείς της έρευνας που θα μπορούσαν να επωφεληθούν από αυτά τα συστήματα: διαδραστικά συστήματα διδασκαλίας, τα οποία να επιτρέπουν στους εκπαιδευτικούς να γνωρίζουν το άγχος των φοιτητών, πρόληψη των ατυχημάτων (π.χ. εντοπισμός της κόπωσης του οδηγού), στρατιωτικά ομαδικά καθήκοντα που χαρακτηρίζονται από μεγάλης διάρκειας περιόδους άγχους και πίεσης και εφαρμογές στον τομέα της Υγείας για την έγκαιρη διάγνωση νευροεκφυλιστικών νόσων (π.χ. νόσος του Πάρκινσον), όπου η εκδήλωση των συμπτωμάτων συμβαίνει πολλά χρόνια μετά την έναρξη του νευροεκφυλισμού.Ωστόσο, παρά τις μέχρι τώρα ερευνητικές προσπάθειες, δεν έχει επιτευχθεί ο μακροπρόθεσμος στόχος της δημιουργίας ενός ισχυρού πλαισίου αναγνώρισης του εξεταζόμενου τομέα έρευνας που να βασίζεται στην ανάλυση και στην ερμηνεία του. Δεν υπάρχει καμία αμφιβολία ότι η δημιουργία του συναισθήματος (affect production) επηρεάζεται από το εκάστοτε πλαίσιο που λαμβάνει χώρα τη δεδομένη στιγμή, όπως το έργο στο οποίο υποβάλλεται ο χρήστης, τα άτομα που αλληλεπιδρούν με το χρήστη, η ταυτότητα αλλά και η εκφραστικότητά τους. Η οποιαδήποτε λοιπόν συμπληρωματική μορφή πληροφορίας πλαισίου αναφορικά με τον εξεταζόμενο τομέα έρευνας μας βοηθά ώστε να απαντήσουμε στο ερώτημα: τί είναι πιθανότερο να συμβεί, εκτρέποντας έτσι τον ταξινομητή από τις πιθανότερες/σχετικές κατηγορίες. Χωρίς το πλαίσιο, ακόμη και οι άνθρωποι μπορεί να παρερμηνεύουν τις παρατηρούμενες εκφράσεις του. Έτσι, με την αντιμετώπιση των προκλήσεων υπό το πρίσμα της αναγνώρισης του συναισθήματος υπό συγκεκριμένο πλαίσιο (context-aware affect analysis), δηλαδή με την καλύτερη μελέτη των πληροφοριών πλαισίου, με την ερμηνεία του σε συγκεκριμένους τομείς εφαρμογών, την αναπαράστασή του, τη μοντελοποίησή του, μπορούμε να προσεγγίσουμε καλύτερα την αναγνώριση του συναισθήματος σε πραγματικό χρόνο. Αντίστοιχα, στον τομέα των προσωπικών ερμηνειών από το κείμενο (Sentiment Analysis) αλλά και γενικότερα στον τομέα της Φυσικής Γλώσσας (Natural Language Processing (NLP)) η συνεισφορά του πλαισίου έγκειται στην καλύτερη αναγνώριση, ερμηνεία και επεξεργασία των απόψεων (opinions) και συναισθημάτων (sentiments) σε κείμενα, τα οποία εξετάζονται σε επίπεδο κειμένου (document-level), προτάσεων sentence-level και χαρακτηριστικών (aspect-level) αντίστοιχα. Στην περίπτωση αυτή, λαμβάνονται υπόψιν η σημασιολογία, οι γνωστικές και οι συναισθηματικές πληροφορίες των υποκειμενικών απαντήσεων των ατόμων. Ειδικότερα, στον τομέα αυτό, η συνεισφορά μας έγκειται στην εκπαίδευση ισχυρών αναπαραστάσεις χαρακτηριστικών από μη επισημειωμένα δεδομένα με τη χρήση Νευρωνικών Δικτύων και συγκεκριμένα με τη χρήση Ανταγωνιστικά Παραγωγικών Μοντέλων (GANs), η χρήση των οποίων έχει επιδείξει εντυπωσιακά αποτελέσματα στον τομέα της Όρασης Υπολογιστών. Η πρωτοτυπία της συγκεριμένης μεθόδου έγκειται στον τρόπο υλοποίησης του μοντέλου, στην επιλογή των υπερπαραμετρων, στη χρήση μη επιβλεπόμενης μάθησης και στην πειραματική επικύρωση του προτεινόμενου μοντέλου σε σώματα κειμένου που προέρχονται από διαφορετικές πηγές αναφορικά με το είδος τους και την έκτασή τους.

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