Implementing Design and Operational Measures for Sustainable Mobility: Lessons from Zurich

Increasing mobility and urbanization is important for economic prosperity but leads to higher urban traffic congestion, which is associated with many negative externalities. Therefore, cities are in need of integrative solutions that reduce their transportation network’s spatial and environmental footprint, while maintaining the highest transportation efficiency possible. Focusing on a nontraditional and more sustainable cycle of urban transportation, this paper covers an integrated perspective by describing a combination of individual design and operational measures. To do so, a case study of the city of Zurich is presented, which consistently ranks highly across different indicators, from smart city to sustainability. This paper is therefore a qualitative review of different measures that the city has implemented to become more sustainable. The measures are compared with indicators from the existing literature and classify them into three clusters: (i) measures discouraging private motorized transport, (ii) measures encouraging public transport, and (iii) measures encouraging human-powered mobility. The discussion thereof allows us to integrate the different measures to define a sustainable transportation cycle, which potentially serves as a best-practice example.

Active Coastlines: Implementing a sustainable transport scheme for Evans Bay, Wellington

<p>With the rise of popularity in cars and the decrease of public open space in our urban centres, there is an increasing pressure to find alternative modes of transportation. Human powered transport in New Zealand is becoming more popular over the last decade, however it is often let down by the isolation and functionality of the existing infrastructure. Active transport can be understood as an alternative mode that is strictly human powered - whether it be cycling, walking, jogging, scootering or other modes allowing for a more sustainable network. The current infrastructure development is evolved around vehicular transport and other modes are considered secondary, further highlighting our cultural reliance on the motor vehicle. This research aims to reconfigure how sustainable transport is considered, in order to promote and implement active transport into our cities. Creating a sustainable link with the exclusion of cars, offers the opportunity to establish a unique sequence of spaces that is responsive to the human scale and environment. Landscape Architecture has the ability to adapt and restore natural systems in conjunction with public spaces to build healthier and environmentally conscious communities. The proposed site for this research is Evans Bay, located in the centre of the harbour in Wellington, New Zealand. The public spaces following the bay suffer intense degradation to the natural ecologies, due to urban development and weather conditions. The current cycleway is a disconnected and unsafe path for local commuters to travel through. The research aims to re-develop the Evans Bay esplanade into a diverse active highway, offering all active modes a safer path. The design will be responsive and inclusive to ecological and communal factors producing a multitude of spaces for Wellington’s sustainable network.</p>

Active Coastlines: Implementing a sustainable transport scheme for Evans Bay, Wellington

<p>With the rise of popularity in cars and the decrease of public open space in our urban centres, there is an increasing pressure to find alternative modes of transportation. Human powered transport in New Zealand is becoming more popular over the last decade, however it is often let down by the isolation and functionality of the existing infrastructure. Active transport can be understood as an alternative mode that is strictly human powered - whether it be cycling, walking, jogging, scootering or other modes allowing for a more sustainable network. The current infrastructure development is evolved around vehicular transport and other modes are considered secondary, further highlighting our cultural reliance on the motor vehicle. This research aims to reconfigure how sustainable transport is considered, in order to promote and implement active transport into our cities. Creating a sustainable link with the exclusion of cars, offers the opportunity to establish a unique sequence of spaces that is responsive to the human scale and environment. Landscape Architecture has the ability to adapt and restore natural systems in conjunction with public spaces to build healthier and environmentally conscious communities. The proposed site for this research is Evans Bay, located in the centre of the harbour in Wellington, New Zealand. The public spaces following the bay suffer intense degradation to the natural ecologies, due to urban development and weather conditions. The current cycleway is a disconnected and unsafe path for local commuters to travel through. The research aims to re-develop the Evans Bay esplanade into a diverse active highway, offering all active modes a safer path. The design will be responsive and inclusive to ecological and communal factors producing a multitude of spaces for Wellington’s sustainable network.</p>

Application of Jaw Type Flexible Clutches in Human Powered Machine: A Literature Review

This article presents the topical progresses in the arena of an approach to articulate an experimental databased model for jaw type flexible clutches. The developing countries are facing very acute problems of the energy crisis. It has become essential to use human energy for energizing the manufacturing process machine. This kind of machine necessitates a flexible clutch for torque transmission. Due to the intricate impact phenomenon, flexible clutches cannot be deliberate without experimental data. Therefore, the experimentation methodology and experimental setup to evaluate the performance of torque transmitted by the clutch have been augment. It is obliging for selection of the optimum clutch-type for various applications in low powered processing machines. This study of analysing suitable material can be useful for the comparative study of Jaw type flexible clutches and their transmission ability. Mathematical model and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) development are essential, to evaluate the belongings of altered components and to make forecasts about behaviour.

Survey-Based Accident Analysis for Human-Powered Three-Wheeled Vehicles

The causes of accidents involving nonconventional bicycle types have hardly been investigated in the literature to date. However, these vehicles could play an important role in reducing the CO2 emissions generated by traffic. As a basis for improving the driving safety of these environmentally friendly vehicles, this article presents the results of a survey on accidents and near-accidents of multitrack bicycle vehicles. More than 120 critical or accident situations of 86 drivers were analyzed. The situations are investigated with respect to the circumstances, the causes, and the consequences of the accidents using manual analysis and multiple correspondence analysis. A distinction is made between single accidents and accidents with another party. The aim of the survey is not to make statistically accurate statements on the frequency and probability of accidents, but rather to analyze the accident or near-accident circumstances. It is shown that the causes of single accidents are usually too high cornering velocities in combination with other factors such as road conditions. In the case of accidents with external involvement, the person who caused the accident is usually the other party involved. The accident opponent is in most cases a passenger car. Here the overlooking of the vehicles is the most frequent cause of accidents. Finally, possibilities to reduce the probability of accidents are briefly discussed for the different situations. As the research shows, most of the situations described occur on the road. This indicates that there are deficits in the bicycle infrastructure for the vehicles considered here. The results also indicate that there are deficits with regard to the perceptibility of the vehicles by other road users.