scholarly journals Women Helping Women? Evidence from Private Sector Data on Workplace Hierarchies

2017 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Kunze ◽  
Amalia R. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Sector Data

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in the Republic of Korea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Jo Jong
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
National Security ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sector Data

This chapter examines the statutory grounds for governmental access to private-sector data in Korea. It focuses on issues such as the circumstances under which access is allowed without a warrant and how unjustified government access can take place in practice. Systematic government access to private-sector data can take place through warrants issued by a court. Notably, due to the unique truce situation, under which the Republic of Korea is technically still at war with North Korea, Korean authorities are sometimes allowed to obtain private-sector data without warrants, for national security purposes. This chapter examines the statutory grounds for governmental access to private-sector data in Korea, focusing specifically on issues such as the circumstances under which access is allowed without a warrant and how unjustified government access can take place in practice.

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in Japan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Tsuchiya
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Information Protection ◽  
World War ◽  
Sector Data ◽  
Personal Information Protection

The Japanese legal system has been based on the German legal system since the mid-nineteenth century, but the American legal system was grafted onto it following Japan’s defeat in World War II in 1945. The postwar Constitution contained an article regarding the secrecy of communications and protected privacy in terms of respect of individuals. Now, as the Personal Information Protection Law in the Executive Branch, which was enacted in 1988, and the Personal Information Protection Law, which was enacted in 2003, strictly regulate privacy, there have been fewer problematic cases regarding governmental access to private-sector data. Data gathering for law enforcement or intelligence activities has also been weaker following World War II. Private-sector corporations/organizations might share data with government agencies, but based on voluntary arrangements, not by any mandatory system. More focus is being cast not on governmental access to private-sector data, but on citizen’s access to data.

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in the United States II

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Cate ◽  
Beth E. Cate
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Freedom Of Information ◽  
Privacy Rights ◽  
Reasonable Expectation ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sector Data

This chapter covers the US Supreme Court’s position on access to private-sector data in the United States. Indeed, the Supreme Court has written a great deal about “privacy” in a wide variety of contexts. These include what constitutes a “reasonable expectation of privacy” under the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution; privacy rights implicit in, and also in tension with, the First Amendment and freedom of expression; privacy rights the Court has found implied in the Constitution that protect the rights of adults to make decisions about activities such as reproduction, contraception, and the education of their children; and the application of the two privacy exemptions to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA).

Systematic Government Access to Private-Sector Data in the United States I

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Pell
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
September 11 Attacks ◽  
Access To Data ◽  
Sector Data

After the September 11 attacks, law enforcement's mission expanded to include, at times even prioritize, the general “prevention, deterrence and disruption” of terrorist attacks, which presumed a new emphasis upon threat detection and identification by analyzing patterns in larger, less specific bodies of information. Indeed, the unprecedented level of “third-party” possession of information inevitably makes the private sector the most reliable and comprehensive source of information available to law enforcement and intelligence agencies alike. This chapter explores the potential applications of systematic government access to data held by third-party private-sector intermediaries that would not be considered public information sources but, rather, data generated based on the role these intermediaries play in facilitating economic and business transactions (including personal business, such as buying groceries or staying at a hotel on vacation).

Evaluating the Quality of High-Resolution Private Sector Data for Providing Nonfreeway Travel Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 147 (12) ◽  
pp. 04021088
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Adekunle Adebisi ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Jiaqi Ma
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Travel Times ◽  
Sector Data

scholarly journals Identifikasi Determinasi Faktor Penentu Lokasi Pembangunan Permukiman Masyarakat Dan Perumahan Yang Dibangun Oleh Swasta Di Kabupaten Muna

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Putri Putri ◽  
Irfan Ido ◽  
Noor Husna Khairisa
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Housing Development ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Settlement Location ◽  
Environmental Network ◽  
The City ◽  
Sector Data

Abstrak: Pertambahan penduduk di Kabupaten Muna menyebabkan peningkatan kebutuhan akan rumah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi  faktor penentuan lokasi pembangunan permukiman masyarakat dan perumahan yang dibangun oleh swasta; (2) menganalisis perbedaan faktor dominan dalam penentuan lokasi pembangunan permukiman oleh masyarakat dan perumahan yang dibangun oleh swasta. Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis kuantitatif dan analisis kualitatif yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis faktor lokasi pembangunan permukiman dan pembangunan perumahan. Hasil penelitian ini antara lain: (1) Faktor penentu lokasi pembangunan permukiman oleh masyarakat dengan 3 urutan teratas antara lain: pelayanan air, listrik dan telepon, faktor kondisi jaringan lingkungan, dan keberadaan ruang terbuka. Faktor penentu lokasi pembangunan perumahan oleh swasta adalah faktor tingkat kemiringan lahan, faktor ketersediaan jaringan listrik, faktor kedekatan jarak, dan faktor kemudahan dalam pemasaran; (2) Faktor dominan dalam penentuan lokasi pembangunan permukiman oleh masyarakat antara lain tempat tinggal asal, ketersediaan lahan yang luas, harga tanah yang terjangkau, masuk dalam wilayah kota dan kondisi lingkungan. Sedangkan pengembang cenderung mempertimbangkan faktor letak, yaitu lokasi termasuk dalam daerah pengembangan kota, kedekatan jarak, lokasi yang strategis, harga tanah dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan perumahan daerah.Kata kunci: Faktor penentu lokasi permukiman, faktor penentu lokasi perumahanAbstrak: Population growth in Muna Regency causes an increase in the need of house.This research aims to: (1) identify factors in determining the location of settlements development and housing development; (2) analyze the differences of dominant factors in determining the location of residential development by the community and housing builtby the private sector. Data in this research is analized by using quantitative and qualitative analysis followed by factor analysis of location of settlements development and housing development. The results of this study shows that: (1) The determining factors for the location of settlement development by the community with the top 3 ranking, namely, water, electricity and telephone services, environmental network conditions, and the existence of open spaces. The determining factors for the location of housing development by the private sector are the land slope, the availability of the electricity network, the proximity factor, and the convenience factor in marketing; (2) The dominant factors in determining the location of residential development by the communityi.e.the original place of resident, the available land is wide, affordable land prices, included in the city area and environmental conditions. Mean while, private sector tend to consider location factors, namely location is in urban development areas, proximity to distances, strategic locations, land price and to meet regional housing needs.Keywords: Determining factors of settlement location, determining factors of housing location

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