Discovering the Realm of El Dorado: Ralegh and Schomburgk in the Guianas

2009 ◽  
Vol 83 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Neil L. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Geographical Society ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
El Dorado ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Travel Accounts

[First paragraph]Sir Walter Ralegh’s Discoverie of Guiana. Joyce Lorimer (ed.). London: Ashgate (published for the Hakluyt Society), 2006. xcvii + 360 pp. (Cloth £55.00)The Guiana Travels of Robert Schomburgk 1835-1844. Volume I: Explorations on Behalf of the Royal Geographical Society, 1835-1839. Volume II: The Boundary Survey 1840-1844. Peter Riviére (ed.). Aldershot, U.K.: Ashgate (published for the Hakluyt Society), 2006. xii + 266 pp. (Cloth US $99.95)The historiography and ethnology of northeastern South America has, with the publication of these two excellent volumes, been firmly and illuminatingly advanced. Firmly since the scholarly abilities of both editors in their preparation of the texts and key source materials make these works definitive. And illuminatingly because the primary documentary and published materials relating to both Walter Ralegh and Robert Schomburgk have, in different ways, been difficult to access. In the case of Ralegh (and here I am writing as the editor of a recent edition of his Discoverie) the location of the original source manuscript for the 1596 edition was unknown and thought lost. In the case of Schomburgk the publication of his travel accounts in the form of short articles, mostly in the Royal Geographical Journal, often made it difficult to access or copy these accounts. The result was that our understanding of the full impact of his travels and the corpus of his published work was considerably lessened.

Literary Chronicles of the Qajars’ Epoch

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Gulnar Aqiq Jafarzade
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Literary Movement ◽  
Literary Environment ◽  
Source Materials

Abstract Following a historical appraisal and the progress of literature and poetry during the Qajar era, this article focuses on the specific literary environment in nineteenth century. As literature has effect in all areas such as cultural, social and other affairs, it is important to remember that Qajars’ rulers Fathali Shah and Nasiraddin Shah had an influential role in the comprehensive evolution of the literary environment in this period. Literary chronicles covered the works written during Qajar dynasty can be considered the most important sources for researching literary processes. Circle of poets inside and outside of the court led the new founded literary movement “bazgasht” (“Return”), turning to the their predecessors for the inspiration in this period. The most important and wealthy genre of literature were tazkiras (biographical books of anthology), based on the original source materials in Arabian, Persian, and sometimes in Turkish, especially written about poets and poetry.

scholarly journals Ten new species of Cladonia (Cladoniaceae, Lichenized Fungi) from the Guianas and Venezuela, South America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEUVO AHTI ◽  
HARRIE J. M. SIPMAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
Lichenized Fungi ◽  
The Family ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
The Guianas

The diversity of the lichen family Cladoniaceae in the Neotropics is apparently underestimated. A revision of the family for the Flora of the Guianas resulted in the description of 10 species new to science from Northern South America: Cladonia cayennensis; Cladonia flavocrispata; Cladonia isidiifera; Cladonia maasii; Cladonia mollis; Cladonia persphacelata; Cladonia recta; Cladonia rupununii; Cladonia subsphacelata; Cladonia termitarum.

Some orogenic episodes in South America by K–Ar and whole-rock Rb–Sr dating

1968 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Hurley ◽  
G. C. Melcher ◽  
W. H. Pinson Jr. ◽  
H. W. Fairbairn
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Radiometric Dating ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Guayana Shield ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Belo Horizonte ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Coast Region

Radiometric dating of basement rocks in South America by the M.I.T. geochronology laboratory has indicated the following thermo-tectonic episodes. The gneisses of the Imataca Complex of the Venezuela Guayana Shield are about 3000 m.y.; they have been intruded by igneous rocks of 2000 m.y. age. Ancient rocks between these age values have been found in the Bação Complex in Minas Gerais. The principal cratonic rocks of southeastern Venezuela, the Guianas, northern Brazil in the Amapa district, the coast region between Belém and São Luis, the region west of the Tocantins River, and in the São Francisco area near Salvador all show ages in the range 2000 ± m.y. The region in northeast Brazil represented by the Cariri orogenic belt shows an average Rb–Sr whole-rock isochron age value of 640 m.y. K–Ar age values in the Belo Horizonte district, Minas Gerais, show a metamoprhic overprint value of 500 m.y. A similar value is found in Colombia, east of the Macarena mountains.

scholarly journals Lymnaea viatrix and Lymnaea columella in the neotropical region: a distributional outline

1982 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lobato Paraense
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
South America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Negro River ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

A review of lymnaeid samples collected by the author from 106 localities in Mexico, Cuba, Jamaica, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panamá, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay andBrazil showed that one of them (from Ecuador) belonged to Lymnaea cousini Jousseaume, 1887, and all the others to either L. viatrix Orbigny, 1835 or l. columella Say, 1817. The ranges of L. viatrix and L. columella overlap in Middle America, and in northern and southern South America (Venezuela-Colombia-Ecuador and northeastern Argentina-Uruguay-southernmost Brazil, respectively). L. viatrix was the only species found in Peru west of the Andes and in Chile, and is supposed to have migrated eastward to Argentina via the Negro river basin. The range of L. columella in South America is discontinuous. The species has been recorded from Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador and, east of the Andes, from latitudes 15º S (central-west Brazil) to 35º S (La Plata, Argentina). Such a gap may be attributed to either introduction from the northern into the southern area, or migration along the unsampled region on the eastern side of the Andes, or extinction in the now vacant area. No lymnaeids have been found so far in Brazil north of latitude 15º S and in the Guianas.

Teaching invented languages to the undergraduate major

2020 ◽  
pp. 107-124
Author(s):  
Angela C. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Relative Clause ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Clause Structure ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Critical Reasoning ◽  
Undergraduate Major ◽  
Order Case ◽  
Source Materials

This chapter discusses how creating an invented language allows students to master critical reasoning skills and apply their linguistic knowledge to a creative language project by using the various strands of linguistic training they have received during their undergraduate years to produce their own invented language. The structure of the course, which includes weekly discussions and presentations, along with a grammar workshop that focuses on each of the elements needed to build the language, starting with phonetics and phonology and then continuing through various syntactic elements such as word order, case, and relative clause structure are detailed and discussed. Pedagogically, the course builds on four pillars: peer-to-peer learning, close and critical engagement with original source materials, problem-solving, and creative engagement with linguistic theory.

The Conference on the Use of Audiovisual Archives as Original Source Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
John Lee Jellicorse ◽  
E. Bradford Burns ◽  
Sam Kula ◽  
Martin A. Jackson ◽  
David L. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Original Source ◽  
Audiovisual Archives ◽  
Source Materials

A model for paleobiogeography of South American cricetine rodents

Paleobiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry G. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
South American ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Andes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Forest Habitats ◽  
Glacial Advance

A model for the paleobiogeographic history of South American cricetine rodents is proposed based on new and/or recently published fossil, geological, paleobotanical and radioisotope data. Cricetine rodents of the tribe Sigmodontini evolved in North America before 7.0 Myr BP. They got to South America by waif dispersal across the Bolivar Trough marine barrier from Central America during a world wide drop in sea level (the “Messinian Low”) between 7.0 and 5.0 Myr BP. The basal stock was probably a sylvan (forest) form, from which evolved pastoral (grazing) forms in the savanna-grassland area of Venezuela, Colombia and the Guianas. The pastoral forms in the northern savanna-grassland area were restricted there until about 3.5 Myr BP. At that time there occurred the first glaciation in South America and consonant with glacial advance was a retraction of forest habitats and an expansion of savanna-grassland habitats. At that time the pastoral forms were able to disperse southward through a savanna-grassland corridor along the eastern foothills of the Andes and spread throughout the previously disjunct savanna-grasslands of Bolivia and Argentina. Cricetines are first recorded as fossil in the Monte Hermoso Fm. of Argentina which is about 3.5 Myr BP in age. The Panamanian land bridge came into existence about 3.0 Myr BP as indicated by the beginning of a major interchange of terrestrial faunas between the Americas, which was well underway by 2.7 Myr BP.

Dramatic Declines of Semipalmated Sandpipers on their Major Wintering Areas in the Guianas, Northern South America

Waterbirds ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Guy Morrison ◽  
David S. Mizrahi ◽  
R. Kenyon Ross ◽  
Otte H. Ottema ◽  
Nyls de Pracontal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Wintering Areas ◽  
Northern South America ◽  
The Guianas ◽  
Semipalmated Sandpipers

On the Historicity of Carib Migrations in the Lesser Antilles

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Allaire
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Precise Definition ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
The West ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Guianas

This paper questions the historicity of Carib migrations in northeastern South America, especially from the Guianas to the West Indies, on the basis of (1) recent chronological work on the late prehistory of the Lesser Antilles, and (2) a critical reexamination of ethnohistorical data on the Island Caribs (migration myths, linguistic dimorphism, distribution, early European contacts). A new interpretation of the previously elusive Island Carib pottery complex allows for a reevaluation of cultural continuities and affiliations. The question is further approached through a more precise definition of the Island Carib as an ethnic group in relation to other groups in the Guianas.

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