Animal-Assisted Prolonged Exposure: A Treatment for Survivors of Sexual Assault Suffering Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bleiberg ◽  
Maurice Prout ◽  
Dennis Debiak ◽  
Carin Lefkowitz ◽  
Indira Paharia
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Memories

AbstractThis paper proposes the development of a new model of treatment for survivors of sexual abuse suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Foa, Rothbaum, Riggs, and Murdock (1991) and Foa, Rothbaum, and Furr (2003) support Prolonged Exposure (PE) as a highly effective treatment for PTSD. However, PE can be intimidating to survivors, contributing to hesitancy to participate in the treatment. This paper posits that animal-assisted therapy (AAT) will decrease anxiety, lower physiological arousal, enhance the therapeutic alliance, and promote social lubrication. The paper also posits that AAT will enhance the value of PE by making it more accessible to survivors, increasing social interaction, and perhaps decreasing the number of sessions required for habituation to the traumatic memories.

scholarly journals Patterns of therapeutic alliance: Rupture–repair episodes in prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder.

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
AnnaMaria Aguirre McLaughlin ◽  
Stephanie M. Keller ◽  
Norah C. Feeny ◽  
Eric A. Youngstrom ◽  
Lori A. Zoellner
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Alliance Rupture

Comparative Efficiency of EMDR and Prolonged Exposure in Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12
Author(s):  
Tracy M. McGuire Stanbury ◽  
Peter D. Drummond ◽  
Jonathan Laugharne ◽  
Claire Kullack ◽  
Christopher W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Total Exposure ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Total Exposure Time

The comparative treatment efficiency of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy and prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was tested for 20 participants diagnosed with PTSD. Efficiency was operationalized as the total exposure time to traumatic memories during and between sessions; the number of trauma memories processed over the course of therapy; how many sessions were required to resolve the primary trauma; and lower subjective units of disturbance (SUD) levels after the initial treatment session. Participants were randomized to each condition and received 12 90-minute sessions of therapy over 6 weeks. Symptoms were assessed by treatment-blind assessors at posttreatment, and at 3 and 6 months follow-up. Results demonstrated a significant decrease in symptoms posttreatment for PTSD (d = .64), depression (d = .46), anxiety (d = .52) and stress (d = .57) for both groups, which was maintained at 3 months. At 6 months there was a small increase in symptoms compared to the 3-month time point on the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) but no significant change in any self-report symptoms EMDR was significantly more efficient than PE. EMDR participants had less total exposure time to traumatic memories when homework hours were included (d = .66), reported lower SUD scores after the first session (d = .45), required fewer sessions for the target memory to decrease to near zero distress levels (d = .84), and processed more traumatic memories.

scholarly journals Victimization and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Runaway and Homeless Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Les B. Whitbeck ◽  
Dan R. Hoyt ◽  
Kurt D. Johnson ◽  
Xiaojin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Rape Victims ◽  
Homeless Adolescents ◽  
Assault Victims

This article presents lifetime and 12-month prevalence rates and comorbidity for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among a sample of 428 homeless and runaway adolescents. Data are from baseline interviews of a longitudinal diagnostic study of 428 (187 males; 241 females) homeless and runaway adolescents aged 16–19 years (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 1.05). The data were collected by full-time street interviewers on the streets and in shelters in eight Midwestern cities of various populations. About one-third (35.5%) of the runaways met lifetime criteria for PTSD and 16.1% met 12-month criteria for the disorder. More than 90% of the adolescents who met criteria for PTSD met criteria for at least one of the other four diagnoses. Multivariate analyses indicated that correlates of PTSD were age of adolescent, being female, having experienced serious physical abuse and/or sexual abuse from an adult caretaker, and having been assaulted or injured by weapon when on the street. The multiplicative interaction between sexual abuse by caretaker and sexual assault when the adolescents were on their own was statistically significant, indicating that rape victims were highly likely to meet criteria for PTSD regardless of early sexual abuse. At very high levels of early sexual abuse, the probability of meeting criteria for PTSD converges with that for sexual assault victims.

scholarly journals Retrieving and Modifying Traumatic Memories: Recent Research Relevant to Three Controversies

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Engelhard ◽  
Richard J. McNally ◽  
Kevin van Schie
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Recovered Memories ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
New Findings

The purpose of this article is to review recent research that is relevant to three controversies concerning memory for trauma. First, we briefly review the debate about recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, summarizing a third interpretation distinct from both the repression and false-memory accounts. Second, we address new findings related to claims that memories of trauma, especially in people with posttraumatic stress disorder, are especially fragmented and disorganized. Third, we discuss research designed to test whether eye movements in eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy are effective.

Therapeutic Alliance during Prolonged Exposure Versus Client-Centered Therapy for Adolescent Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Capaldi ◽  
Anu Asnaani ◽  
Laurie J. Zandberg ◽  
Joseph K. Carpenter ◽  
Edna B. Foa
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Client Centered Therapy
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