A Primordial Anxiety

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-320
Author(s):  
Alwyn Wing Wang Lau
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
Ethnic Tension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ethnic Solidarity ◽  
Malaysian Politics

Ethnicity is a turbulent factor in Malaysian politics and society. Through decades of inter-ethnic tension fostered by ideological engineering, itself building on a history of ethnic manipulation and polarisation in colonial times, racialised tension has remained at best dormant and at worst prone to erupt in riots reminiscent of the May 1969 riots. This study examines the discourse of ethnicity from Malaysia’s colonial roots up to the mid-20th century and beyond, seeking to highlight how trauma and struggle were integral to the very formation of ethnic consciousness. This work will also explore how, despite numerous writers questioning the naive “essentialising” of ethnicity, they no less mistakenly perceive ethnicity in terms which reduce it to a de-centred hybridised performance. The works of writers like Colin Abraham, Sumit Mandal and Maznah Mohamad will be surveyed to elucidate the traumatic element inherent to ethnicity itself. A Lacanian psychoanalytical framework will be used to argue, with a special focus on the Malays, that ethnic solidarity should rather be grounded in a constructive primordial frustration, i.e., it is a traumatic anti-essence which will ignite solidarity and a mutual longing for democracy among the various ethnic groups. Ontological trauma—not a universal essence, not cultural particulars, not deconstructed performatives and certainly not political ideology—could be the force that compels Malaysia’s volatile ethnic groups to co-exist and work together in nation-building.

Locating Afghan History

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nile Green
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Process ◽  
Historical Scholarship ◽  
History Of ◽  
Missing Middle ◽  
Two Bodies

Afghanistan's 20th century has long been seen through an analytical dichotomy. One concentration of historical scholarship has sought to explain the fraught progress of Afghan nation-building in the 1910s and 1920s. A second has sought to explain the unraveling of the Afghan nation after 1979. Weighted toward the decades at either end of the century, this dichotomized field has been problematic in both chronological (and thereby processual) and methodological terms. On the level of chronology, the missing long mid-section (indeed, half) of the century between the framing coups of 1929 and 1979 has made it difficult to convincingly join together the two bodies of scholarship. Not only has the missing middle further cemented the division of scholarly labor but it also has made it more difficult to connect the history of the last quarter of the century to that of the first quarter (except as a story of parallels), rendering them discrete narratives of development, one ending and the other beginning with a coup. The problems are deeper than this, though, extending from questions of chronology and process to matters of method. For if in its focus on nationalism and nation-building the first-quarter scholarship is framed within the neat boundaries of national spaces and actors, then in its focus on the unraveling of the nation and its peoples through the consequences of Soviet intervention, the last-quarter scholarship elevates nonnational actors as the key agents of historical process.

scholarly journals Adolf Reinach, Negative States of Affairs and the Concept of Omission

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Jan Woleński
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
States Of Affairs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legal Sense ◽  
The Middle Ages

This paper examines Adolf Reinach’s views about negative states of affairs. The author briefly presents the history of the issue from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. The views of Reinach and Roman Ingarden are compared. A special focus is ascribed to the problem of omissions in the legal sense. According to the author, a proper solution to the problem of negative states of affairs locates negation at the level of language, not in reality.

scholarly journals Mix Methods for Ethnic Acculturation Study on History of Architectural Elements: Vernacular Houses during Pontianak Sultanate

Arsitektura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hidayat ◽  
Budi Prayitno ◽  
Dwita Hadi Rahmi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mixed Approach

<p class="Abstract"><em>This study aims to find the embodiment of ethnic acculturation in the vernacular architectural elements of Pontianak's old houses showing multicultural culture in the past. The Pontianak community has been a multi-ethnic community from the start, with four dominant ethnic groups forming the Pontianak city, namely the Arab, Bugis, Banjar and Riau ethnic groups. The research used a qualitative-rationalistic method with the deeply observed in field case based on the mixed approach between the historical study of the role of each ethnic group and the typology study of architectural building elements. Research sample data in the form of Pontianak old houses are houses built between the early 19th century and the mid-20th century. The results of this study, firstly, the occurrence of ethnic acculturation on the elements of housing architecture in an integrated-assimilative manner. Secondly, the existence of the order of acculturation remained alive in traditional Pontianak community institutions until the mid-20th century shows a strong indication of the continuation of Vernacular Architecture discourse of the Pontianak Malay House.</em></p>

scholarly journals The «Khazar myth» as perceived by the Eurasians and L.N. Gumilyov

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yurevich Bystryukov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
History Of

A problem of continuity has always been a topical subject in Eurasian historiography and the name of L.N. Gumilyov appeard in this context most often. Some researchers recognized the ideological connection between the concept and Gumilyov, while the others rejected continuity and divided them: Russian philosophy of the early 20th century and Soviet scientism of the middle of 20th century. One of the plots is usually used to compare the ideas of the Eurasians and L.N. Gumilyov it is an assessment of the role of the Khazar Kaganate in the history of the Eastern Slavs. Moreover, it was reviewed by the Eurasians and L.N. Gumilyov. G.V. Vernadsky presented the history of Eurasia as a consistent set of attempts to create a unified state. Khazaria existed in the era of disintegration in the context of the state-forming process in Eurasia, based on the principle of rhythm. According to L.N. Gumilyov, the Khazars were colonized by representatives of the Persian and Byzantine branches of the Jewish people. The mix of the Khazar and Jewish ethnic groups was weighed down by the national traditions, which became the determining aspect of their different destinies. The Khazar Kaganate established political power in the Volga Bulgaria and Kievan Rus, had benefited from the intermediary trade between Europe and China, and only Svyatoslavs campaign became a closure of existence of this ethnic chimera. It can be said that the methodological approach of the Eurasians and L.N. Gumilyov to the problem of Khazaria was fundamentally different and the only unifying factor was that these events were unfolding in the space of Russia-Eurasia.

On Mobility in Afghan History

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McChesney
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Human Ecology ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Other ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Urban Architecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural Architecture

If we leave aside the imperial histories of those powers for which Afghanistan has been a strategic concern, Afghan historiography has tended to follow a single trajectory: the history of the Pashtuns and their principal royal clan, the Durrani. The non-Pashtun part of the human ecology of the country tends to be summed up as “other groups,” as if that 60 percent of the population only has a history in relation to the royal clan and its state. As the other essays in this roundtable argue, there are many ways to approach Afghanistan's history more inclusively than through Kabul-centric, Pashtun-dominated, top-down narratives or those that focus on the strategic concerns of superpowers. Nile Green sees a half-century gap in the historiography, between the nation-building of the 1920s and the nation-demolishing of the 1990s and beyond, and proposes the study of “subnational and transnational groups” as one way to refine our understanding of the politics of the country during that middle era. James Caron traces an imagined bond with place reflected in rural oral imagery, while Amin Tarzi approaches Afghan historiography itself as a productive field of study. Other areas hardly touched in the existing scholarship are institutional histories (judicial, educational, and fiscal), for which there is a wealth of untapped documentation; the built environment (following the seminal works of Szabo and Barfield on domestic and rural architecture and Schinasi on urban architecture); labor history (including the interconnections of work specializations and industry with ethnic groups); and the history of human bondage in the country.

Economic Views of L. Trotsky

2004 ◽  
pp. 142-157
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov ◽  
S. Dzarasov
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Russian History ◽  
History Of

The paper written in the light of 125th birth anniversary of L. Trotsky analyzes the life and ideas of one of the most prominent figures in the Russian history of the 20th century. He was one of the leaders of the Russian revolution in its Bolshevik period, worked with V. Lenin and played a significant role in the Civil War. Rejected by the party bureaucracy L. Trotsky led uncompromising struggle against Stalinism, defending his own understanding of the revolutionary ideals. The authors try to explain these events in historical perspective, avoiding biases of both Stalinism and anticommunism.

Tanaka Kinuyo

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Japanese Woman ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
Female Subjectivity ◽  
Japanese Cinema ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
History Of

This is the first book in English dedicated to the actress and director Tanaka Kinuyo. Praised as amongst the greatest actors in the history of Japanese cinema, Tanaka’s career spanned the industrial development of cinema - from silent to sound, monochrome to colour. Alongside featuring in films by Ozu, Mizoguchi, Naruse and Kurosawa, Tanaka was also the only Japanese woman filmmaker between 1953 and 1962, and her films tackled distinctly feminine topics such as prostitution and breast cancer. Because her career overlaps with a transformative period in Japan, especially for women, this close analysis of her fascinating life and work offers new perspectives into the Japanese history of women and classical era of national cinema. The first half of the book focuses on Tanaka as actress and analyses the elements and meanings associated with her star image, and her powerful embodiment of diverse, at times contradictory, ideological discourses. The second half is dedicated to Tanaka as director and explores her public image as filmmaker and her depiction of gender and sexuality against the national history in order to reflect on her role and style as author. With a special focus on the melodrama genre and on the sociopolitical and economic contexts of film production, the book offers a revision of theories of stardom, authorship, and women’s cinema. In examining Tanaka’s iconic reification of femininities in relation to politics, national identity, and memory, the chapters shed light on the cultural construction of female subjectivity and sexuality in Japanese popular culture.

History of thyroid surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times

The authors present an outline of the development of thyroid surgery from the ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century, when the definitive surgical technique have been developed and the physiologic and pathopfysiologic consequences of thyroid resections have been described. The key representatives, as well as the contribution of the most influential czech surgeons are mentioned.

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