Multi-level Policy Approach in the Governance of Labour Migration: Considerations From the Philippine Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziano Battistella
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation ◽  
Bilateral Approach ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Philippine Government ◽  
Industry Training

Abstract With 40 years of experience in labour migration, the Philippines has designed a comprehensive approach for its governance that other countries of origin in Asia look up to. The objectives of the migration policy consist in facilitating the employment of Filipino workers abroad and the consequent economic benefits, while ensuring safe and decent conditions for the workers, through a variety of measures, including regulating the recruitment industry, training migrants through specific programmes, supervising the terms and conditions in the labour contract, and making available a system of redress for victimised migrants. These objectives are reached through the national migration policy. However, the national policy has inherent limitations, both in terms of design, implementation and reach, as the outreach of the Philippine government while migrants are abroad is limited to diplomatic and other services. For this reason, the Philippines has engaged both in bilateral and multilateral cooperation. This paper, after presenting the development of migration from the Philippines at the three policy levels, will briefly assess the efficacy of such policies, using indicators, such as growth of migration flows and coverage, to conclude that all three levels must be pursued, with some preference for the bilateral approach within a multilateral framework.

Philippine labour migration to Taiwan: Social, political, demographic, and economic dimensions

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Sills
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
Potential Relief ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Migration Flow ◽  
Philippine Government

The Philippines has become one of today’s leading exporters of migrants. This migration flow largely results from internal demographic and economic pressures, but has also been brought about by the policy decisions of the Philippine government which sees potential relief from remittances and reduction of unemployment. The continued cycling of labour migrants for more than 30 years has resulted in a “culture” of migration. Destinations for temporary labour migrants are influenced as well by demographic determinants such as low birth rates in the destination country, leading to a need for labourers, and high birth rates in the sending country, leading to surplus labourers. 

Can media campaign messages influence change towards ecologically based rodent management?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rica Joy B. Flor ◽  
Grant R. Singleton
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Management Actions

Context In Asia, losses to rodents contribute to the undernourishment of smallholder families. Ecologically based rodent management (EBRM) has become the national policy for rodent management in rice-based agriculture in Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. EBRM requires community action. Therefore we need to develop communication campaigns that increase community involvement in rodent management. Aims This study evaluates the effects of a campaign to promote EBRM in a community that suffers chronic rodent losses to their rice crop. We hypothesised that the campaign would create changes in rodent management by farmers based on key messages delivered. Methods We documented existing beliefs and management practices, and captured changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of smallholder farmers after the campaign. We also document benefits to the community. We used qualitative tools to evaluate existing beliefs and management practices of rodents in nine villages in Zaragosa, one of which was a focus village for the campaign. Key results Farmers who were influenced by the campaign had significantly higher mean rank scores in knowledge and attitudes pertaining to key messages of the campaign, such as working together, proper timing of management actions, and that rodents can be controlled. Farmers who heard the campaign obtained yields that were higher by 0.7 t ha–1 compared with those with no exposure to the campaign. A year after the campaign, the increase in rice yield in Zaragosa was sufficient to feed 1375 adult Filipinos for a year. The campaign influenced policy on rodent management in Zaragosa and subsequently at the provincial level. Conclusions A media campaign with support from local leaders and extension staff is an effective way to disseminate EBRM, leading to positive economic benefits for smallholder farmers. A media campaign alone is less effective. Implications A communication campaign on EBRM with follow-up support from extension experts is a highly effective pathway for changing attitudes and practices of smallholder farmers on rodent management, and for effective dissemination of EBRM.

scholarly journals 50 Years A Slave

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 70-100
Author(s):  
Allain Fonte
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Communication And Coordination ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Philippine Government

Abstract   The Philippines has been deploying migrant workers to more than 192 countries, with a rising number that exceeds up to a million workers every year.   In 2009, the record of migrant workers’ remittances went up to 17.4 billion US dollars from 10.4 billion US dollars in 2005.  Reports showed that remittances comprise a bigger portion of the Philippines’ gross domestic product, as it contributed 10.8% to the GDP in 2005, and 11.1% in 2009.  After more than 50 years of deploying Filipino workers overseas, the Philippines should have improved with its labour policies and implementing them.  Yet, reports on abuses of Filipino workers can still be read and heard.  This paper reviews the two most controversial cases where the Philippine government had failed to protect its migrant workers by analysing its then labour policies; and how they have impacted the labour and migration sectors to ensure the welfare of its migrant workers.  Further, this research discusses reoccurring issues such as delayed services from government agencies, lack of administrative skills to process complaints and cases of Filipino migrant workers, poor communication and coordination among government offices, labour policies that do not abide by the constitution, and the unfair provisions in the treaties between Philippines and destination countries for low-skilled workers.   Keywords labour migration, migration, migrant workers, labour policies

Analysis of educational migration processes: regional aspect

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Mariya V. Bachynska ◽  
Lyubov K. Semiv ◽  
Serhiy R. Semiv
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Interstate Migration ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Migration System ◽  
Educational Migration

Analysis and consideration of current migration trends in our country, in particular mass interstate migration movements in the context of Ukraine's participation in the European and world migration space, are considered among the important factors in shaping its national policy. Educational migration is a special threat to the socio-economic development of the country and sustainable development of society, as the formation of highly qualified personnel, accumulation of intellectual capital, and increasing scientific and technological potential of the country are among the important factors of economic and social progress. Due to the intensification of interstate migration flows and the development of the quality of the higher education system in foreign educational institutions, migration for education takes a larger share, which is mostly accompanied by constant migration and departure of Ukrainian citizens for permanent residence abroad. The analysis of publications on this issue proves the urgency of educational migration research, and today it remains important to analyze trends in educational migration, find mechanisms to counter the transformation of Ukraine into a country of origin of educational migrants, as well as their repatriation. The article analyzes the educational migration processes in Ukraine in the regional context. The main regional centers of higher education are identified. The focus is on the migration intentions of the population to study abroad and a comparative description of the educational systems of different countries. The order and stages of the admission campaign in foreign educational institutions are described. The essence and features of educational migration are studied and the main reasons that help Ukrainian students to choose foreign higher education institutions are highlighted. The main causes and consequences of educational migration, as well as potential opportunities for educational migration, are identified. Certain benefits and costs associated with educational migration processes are justified. The directions of development of educational migration and effective migration system in Ukraine and its regions, which should take a worthy place in the migration policy of the state, are offered.

Rethinking free skilled labour migration policies in CLMV countries: a qualitative systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanvedes Daovisan ◽  
Pimporn Phukrongpet ◽  
Thanapauge Chamaratana
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Free Flow ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
Migration Policies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Skilled Labour ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThere is an ongoing debate in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) Blueprint 2015 concerning the skilled labour migration policy regimes. This review aims to systematise the free flow of skilled labour migration policies in Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar and Vietnam (CLMV) countries.Design/methodology/approachThis review utilised a qualitative systematic in peer-reviewed journals for the period 2015–2019. The initial search identified 28,874 articles. Of those articles, 10,612 articles were screened, 738 articles were checked, 150 articles were selected and 18 articles met the criteria. Data were analysed using thematic synthesis (e.g. coding, categorisation, synthesis and summarisation).FindingsThe review suggested that free movement from CLMV countries is the cause of the mass exodus of unskilled migration to high-income countries. The review found that the free flow of migration policy in the AEC Blueprint 2015 is associated with illegal, unauthorised and unskilled workers in the host country.Research limitations/implicationsA systematic review is qualitative in nature, in which the relevant existing literature lacks some empirical studies, and the results must be generalisable.Practical implicationsThe current systematic review provides a visual diagram for practical implications to isolate undocumented, illegal, unpermitted and unskilled migrant workers and further reduce the mass exodus of migration from CLMV countries.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this is the first review to extend the literature to the macro-level determinants of free flow of skilled labour migration policies in CLMV countries. The present review seeks to inform the policy responses of moving freely between sending and receiving countries.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Issue of Non-Compensability of Civilian Losses Caused by Security Forces During Non-International Armed Conflicts: The Case of the Marawi Crisis in the Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Norhabib Bin Suod Sumndad Barodi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Legal Contexts ◽  
Philippine Government ◽  
Ultimate Objective ◽  
Domestic Law

The terrorism element attendant in an armed conflict does not alter its destructive nature vis-à-vis civilian properties. One example is the Marawi crisis where the Philippine security forces, in response to the threat to national security, territorial integrity, and sovereignty, resorted to aerial bombings and shelling of private buildings, residential houses, and masajid infiltrated by local terrorists, resulting in the destruction of these civilian properties. This article addresses the issue of non-compensability of these civilian property losses. Arguments in favour of and against non-compensability are presented against the backdrop of the concept of reparations in both international law and Philippine domestic law. Based on existing legal realities in Philippine domestic law and jurisprudence, this article finds that reparations in the form of compensation in the context of the Marawi crisis may not be imposed upon the Philippine government as a legal obligation. However, Philippine domestic law and jurisprudence likewise provides for sufficient grounds that reparations in the form of compensation has become the moral obligation of the Philippine government, which it must pursue in the name of justice under a regime of rule of law. Yet ironically, while justice especially during the transition is the ultimate objective of reparations both in its moral and legal contexts, it is only in the latter context that reparations may be pursued judicially. In the final analysis, the non-compensability issue, though a legal one, is a question of choice on the part of the Philippine government.

scholarly journals Ukrainian Migration Aspirations towards Germany: Analysis and Development Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84
Author(s):  
Vitalii Boiko ◽  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Ihor Baranyak ◽  
Olha Levytska
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
German Population ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
And Migration

Based on the multiple regression model and scenario approach to forecasting, the article estimates the Ukrainian migration aspirations towards Germany (the scale of migration, the economic activity of migrants, and their economic benefits). It is argued that major transformations in the gender-age structure of the German population may cause a demographic crisis and labour market imbalances. Our projections indicate the growing role of foreign human resources in the German economy. When modeling the scale of emigration from Ukraine, an integrated approach is applied, considering not only trends of pull-push factors but also special aspects of the German migration policy and the outflow of 8–10 million Ukrainian migrant workers. Given the poor statistical data on the scale of labour emigration needed for constructing reliable econometric models, the use of expert forecasting method remains the most optimal technique for assessing potential migration flows and migration systems.

Legal Framework on the Implementation of the Human Resource Management Reforms in the Philippines After the Marcos Era Up to the Duterte Administration

2021 ◽  
pp. 348-365
Author(s):  
Perfecto G. Aquino, Jr. ◽  
Revenio C. Jalagat Jr. ◽  
Mercia Selvia Malar Justin
Keyword(s):  
Civil Service ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Service Commission ◽  
The Government ◽  
Philippine Government ◽  
Personnel Administration

This study is aimed at filling the gap and will discuss the overview of both the legal reform processes happening in the public sector of the Philippine government and of recent developments and challenges initiated by the Civil Service Commission of the Philippine government as its Central Personnel Agency. This chapter will cover the years commencing 1986 up to the present dispensation of the Duterte administration where the primary goal is to study and suggest the approaches to reforming the Civil Service system and its decision-making process. It also outlines the discourses on the reform of public service among educators and public officials in the Philippines. Then, it elaborates on the laws and institutional measures introduced for an effective public personnel administration system in the country. A documentary analysis on the successful practices of public personnel administration will be used to evolve on the possible steps/strategies to further enhance the delivery of personnel services of the government sector workforce in the Philippines.

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