Breeding site selection of Bufo viridis in the city of Rome (Italy)

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Formichetti ◽  
Alberto Sorace ◽  
Silvia Loriga ◽  
Roberto Isotti ◽  
Francesca Ensabella
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Bufo Viridis ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Synergism between nonane and emanations from soil as cues in oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Saturnus Mwingira ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract BackgroundOlfactory cues have been shown to have an important role in guiding gravid mosquito females to selected sites for egg laying. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of emanations from soil from a breeding site and the putative oviposition pheromone nonane on oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Culex quinquefasciatus.MethodsThis field-based study was conducted in Mvomero District in East-central Tanzania. In a dual-choice experimental set up, clay bowls were dug into the ground and filled with one of the following treatments: (i) distilled water + autoclaved soil (control), (ii) distilled water + soil from a natural mosquito breeding site, (iii) distilled water + nonane and (iv) distilled water + nonane + soil from a natural breeding site. Soil was dried and autoclaved or dried only before use. After five days of incubation, larvae were collected daily for 10 days. The median number of larvae per bowl per day was used as outcome measure.ResultsAutoclaved soil had a significant attractive effect on oviposition behaviour of Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e: 8.0±1.1; P<0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae (median value ± s.e: 0.0±0.2; P = 0.18). Nonane and emanations from untreated soil significantly and positively influenced the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae s.l. (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0 and 4.5 ± 1.5, respectively; P< 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e.: 19.0 ± 1.3 and 17.0 ± 2.0, respectively; P<0.0001). A mixture of nonane and untreated soil caused a synergistic effect on oviposition behaviour in An. gambiae s.l. (median value ± s.e.: 23.5 ± 2.5; P<0.0001) compared to either nonane (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0; P<0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 4.5 ± 1.5; P<0.0001). A synergistic effect of nonane mixed with untreated soil was also found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (median value ± s.e.: 41.0 ± 2.1; P<0.0001) compared to either nonane (median value ± s.e. 19.0 ± 1.3; P<0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 17.0 ± 2.0; P<0.0001). The oviposition activity index for An. gambiae was 0.56 (P< 0.001) and for Cx. quinquefasciatus 0.59 (P<0.0001).ConclusionThe larval pheromone nonane and emanations from breeding-site soil both induced oviposition in wild An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with a synergistic effect when both stimuli were present simultaneously. This is the first study in which nonane is shown to cause oviposition under natural conditions, suggesting that this compound can potentially be exploited for the management of mosquito vectors.

scholarly journals Synergism between nonane and emanations from soil as cues in oviposition‐site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Mwingira ◽  
Leonard E. G. Mboera ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background Olfactory cues have been shown to have an important role in guiding gravid mosquito females to selected sites for egg laying. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of emanations from soil from a breeding site and the putative oviposition pheromone nonane on oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) and Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods This field-based study was conducted in Mvomero District in East-central Tanzania. In a dual-choice experimental set up, clay bowls were dug into the ground and filled with one of the following treatments: (i) distilled water + autoclaved soil (control), (ii) distilled water + soil from a natural mosquito breeding site, (iii) distilled water + nonane and (iv) distilled water + nonane + soil from a natural breeding site. Soil was dried and autoclaved or dried only before use. After five days of incubation, larvae were collected daily for 10 days. The median number of larvae per bowl per day was used as outcome measure. Results Autoclaved soil had a significant attractive effect on oviposition behaviour of Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e: 8.0 ± 1.1; P < 0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae (median value ± s.e: 0.0 ± 0.2; P = 0.18). Nonane and emanations from untreated soil significantly and positively influenced the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae s.l. (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0 and 4.5 ± 1.5, respectively; P < 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (median values ± s.e.: 19.0 ± 1.3 and 17.0 ± 2.0, respectively; P < 0.0001). A mixture of nonane and untreated soil caused a synergistic effect on oviposition behaviour in An. gambiae s.l. (median value ± s.e.: 23.5 ± 2.5; P < 0.0001) compared to either nonane (median values ± s.e.: 12.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 4.5 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001). A synergistic effect of nonane mixed with untreated soil was also found in Cx. quinquefasciatus (median value ± s.e.: 41.0 ± 2.1; P < 0.0001) compared to either nonane (median value ± s.e. 19.0 ± 1.3; P < 0.0001) or untreated soil alone (median value ± s.e.: 17.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.0001). The oviposition activity index for An. gambiae was 0.56 (P < 0.001) and for Cx. quinquefasciatus 0.59 (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The larval pheromone nonane and emanations from breeding-site soil both induced oviposition in wild An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with a synergistic effect when both stimuli were present simultaneously. This is the first study in which nonane is shown to cause oviposition under natural conditions, suggesting that this compound can potentially be exploited for the management of mosquito vectors.

scholarly journals Location of super and hypermarkets in the city of Ústí nad Labem

GeoScape ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Olšová ◽  
Michaela Jánská
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Common Part ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Retail stores are a common part of our everyday life. We focus on the site selection of supermarkets and hypermarkets in Ústí nad Labem and analyze the role of selected factors that drive the site selection of these super/hypermarkets. The role of the factors is verified by a correlation analysis. In the city of Ústí nad Labem, retail units of the supermarket or hypermarket type are unevenly distributed and are concentrated in the more central areas of the city. The location of stores has no power association with monitored factors. The result is certainly strongly influenced by the lack in availability of relevant data.

scholarly journals Synergism between nonane and emanations from soil as cues in oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Saturnus Mwingira ◽  
Leonard E.G. Mboera ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Olfactory cues have been shown to have an important role in guiding gravid mosquito females to selected sites for egg laying. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of emanations from soil from a breeding site and the putative oviposition pheromone nonane on oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus . Methods: This field-based study was conducted in Mvomero District in East-central Tanzania. In a dual-choice experimental set up, clay bowls were dug into the ground and filled with one of the following treatments: (i) distilled water + autoclaved soil (control), (ii) distilled water + soil from a natural mosquito breeding site, (iii) distilled water + nonane and (iv) distilled water + nonane + soil from a natural breeding site. Soil was either left untreated or was autoclaved before use. The number of larvae present in the bowls after 10 d was used as outcome measure. Results: Autoclaved soil had a significant effect on oviposition behaviour of Cx. quinquefasciatus ( P <0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae ( P = 0.18). Nonane and emanations from untreated soil significantly influenced the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae ( P < 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus ( P< 0.0001). A mixture of nonane and untreated soil caused a synergistic effect on oviposition behaviour compared to either nonane or untreated soil alone, in both An. gambiae (Oviposition Activity Index (OAI) = 0.56; P < 0.001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (OAI =0.59; P <0.0001) . Conclusion: The larval pheromone nonane and emanations from breeding-site soil both induced oviposition in wild An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with a synergistic effect when both stimuli were present simultaneously. This is the first study in which nonane is shown to cause oviposition under natural conditions, suggesting that this compound can potentially be exploited for the management of mosquito vectors.

scholarly journals Synergism between nonane and emanations from soil as cues in oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor S. Mwingira ◽  
Leonard EG Mboera ◽  
Willem Takken
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Oviposition Site Selection ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Olfactory cues have been shown to have an important role in guiding gravid mosquito females to selected sites for egg laying. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of emanations from soil from a breeding site and the putative oviposition pheromone nonane on oviposition-site selection of natural populations of Anopheles gambiae s.l. and Culex quinquefasciatus.Methods: This field-based study was conducted in Mvomero District in East-central Tanzania. In a dual-choice experimental set up, clay bowls were dug into the ground and filled with one of the following treatments: (i) distilled water + autoclaved soil (control), (ii) distilled water + soil from a natural mosquito breeding site, (iii) distilled water + nonane and (iv) distilled water + nonane + soil from a natural breeding site. Soil was either left untreated or was autoclaved before use. The number of larvae present in the bowls after 10 d was used as outcome measure.Results: Autoclaved soil had a significant effect on oviposition behaviour of Cx. quinquefasciatus (P<0.005) but no effect on An. gambiae (P= 0.18). Nonane and emanations from untreated soil significantly influenced the selection of oviposition sites by both An. gambiae (P< 0.0001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (P<0.0001). A mixture of nonane and untreated soil caused a synergistic effect on oviposition behaviour compared to either nonane or untreated soil alone, in both An. gambiae (Oviposition Activity Index (OAI) = 0.56; P< 0.001) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (OAI =0.59; P<0.0001).Conclusion: The larval pheromone nonane and emanations from breeding-site soil both induced oviposition in wild An. gambiae s.l. and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with a synergistic effect when both stimuli were present simultaneously. This is the first study in which nonane is shown to cause oviposition under natural conditions, suggesting that this compound can potentially be exploited for the management of mosquito vectors.

Pup density related to terrestrial habitat use by New Zealand fur seals

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1579-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey JA Bradshaw ◽  
Caryn M Thompson ◽  
Lloyd S Davis ◽  
Chris Lalas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Terrestrial Habitat ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Terrain Features ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Features of the terrain are important in the selection of terrestrial habitat by otariid seals. Fur seals use rocky shorelines where terrain features such as crevices and ledges may provide shelter for pups. New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) are increasing in number and expanding their range, requiring them to select new habitat for breeding. Predicting population expansion is important for assessing potential conflicts with commercial fisheries. We quantified terrain features at 25 breeding colonies and 8 nonbreeding colonies around South Island. Univariate tests demonstrated some differences in terrain between breeding and nonbreeding colonies, although principal components analysis (PCA) did not reveal any obvious differences. We suggest that the power to detect differences is reduced by the tendency for nonbreeding colonies to become breeding colonies over time as the population increases. We found a significant relationship between pup density and terrain (i.e., PCA variables) within breeding colonies. The terrain occupied by high-density colonies contained more and smaller rocks, more crevices and ledges, less-pronounced slopes, higher cliffs, and a more westerly exposure than that occupied by low-density colonies. Smaller rocks may provide more spaces in which pups can find shelter; less-pronounced slopes may facilitate pup mobility and higher cliffs may increase shading. We suggest that in addition to terrain features, other phenomena are also involved in breeding-site selection.

The denning behaviour of dingoes (Canis dingo) living in a human-modified environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Anne-Louise Vague
Keyword(s):  
Site Selection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mining Operation ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Sandy Desert ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Den Site Selection ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Selection Of

Little is known about reproduction and den site selection by free-ranging dingoes. We present observations of den sites used by dingoes inhabiting a large-scale mining operation located in the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia. We observed 24 dens concentrated within a 1-km radius. Den sites were generally situated in elevated positions overlooking the surrounding area, were a short distance from food and water resources, required vegetation (particularly spinifex grass) to provide a firm foundation and stable ceiling in the soft sand, and had single den openings that faced away from the rising and daytime sun. Distance to human structures or activity did not appear to influence site selection. Four of the dens were active, containing a total of 37 pups aged between two and four weeks of age. One den contained 18 pups of different ages, indicating that communal denning was also occurring. The high number of breeding females within close proximity suggests that multiple family groups are able to share resources and live in close proximity. Our findings highlight the importance of human-modified areas and abundance of resources in the reproduction and breeding site selection of dingoes.

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