The effect of funnel trap type and size of pitfall trap on trap success: implications for ecological field studies

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Maritz ◽  
Gavin Masterson ◽  
Darian Mackay ◽  
Graham Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Traditional Design ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Installation Time ◽  
Capture Rates

Abstract Funnel and pitfall traps that are set in association with drift fences are powerful tools for field herpetologists. Innovations in trapping techniques continue to improve capture rates, portability and affordability of trap materials, and to decrease construction and installation time. In this paper we test a new design for funnel traps and test the effect of pitfall trap size on trap success. Our new funnel trap design was significantly easier and quicker to construct, but captured fewer specimens than the traditional design. There was no significant difference in the capture rates of the two sizes of pitfall trap that we tested. This finding was confirmed by a second, more extensive field survey. The implications of trap efficacy on ecological investigations are discussed.

Effect of Trap Size on Efficiency of Yellow Sticky Traps for Sampling Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Adults in Corn

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Youngman ◽  
T. P. Kuhar ◽  
D. G. Midgarden
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Trap Size ◽  
Yellow Sticky Traps

Field studies were conducted in Virginia cornfields in 1990 and 1991 to evaluate the effect of trap size on numbers of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte adults caught on unbaited Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps. No significant differences in trapping efficiency (i.e., catch per unit area) were detected on Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced by either 50% or 75% when compared with standard Pherocon AM no-bait traps. Likewise, no significant difference in trapping efficiency was detected between Olson traps whose sizes had been reduced 50% and full-size Olson traps (212.9 cm2). However, significantly more western corn rootworm adults per unit area were caught on Olson yellow sticky traps compared to Pherocon AM traps whose sizes had been reduced 50%. Comparative costs and precision values for reduced-size Pherocon AM and Olson yellow sticky traps are discussed.

Pitfall trap designs to maximize invertebrate captures and minimize captures of nontarget vertebrates

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Pearce ◽  
D. Schuurman ◽  
K.N. Barber ◽  
M. Larrivée ◽  
L.A. Venier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammal ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Carabid Beetle ◽  
Carabid Beetles ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
Shallow Trap ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Mesh Screen ◽  
Funnel Trap ◽  
Incidental Catch

AbstractPitfall traps containing a preservative have become the standard method of sampling for epigeal invertebrates such as carabid beetles and cursorial spiders. However, they often result in high levels of mortality for small mammals and amphibians. We compared the carabid, spider, and vertebrate captures within five pitfall trap types (conventional trap, funnel trap, shallow trap, Nordlander trap, and the ramp trap) to determine the trap type that would reduce vertebrate incidental catch without compromising the capture of invertebrates. We also examined the effect of a mesh screen over pitfall traps on carabid beetle and vertebrate catches. All modifications to the conventional trap design resulted in a reduction in both small mammal and amphibian captures. The shallow pitfall trap and the funnel trap captured a carabid beetle and spider fauna similar to that captured by the conventional trap. The species compositions of the ramp trap and the Nordlander trap were different from those of the other trap types, but these traps were more efficient, capturing more species per individual captured. The ramp trap appeared to be the method of choice for sampling epigeal spiders. Thus, the choice among trap designs for invertebrates depends on the objectives of the study. However, an alternative to the conventional trap design should always be considered to reduce small mammal mortality.

A Diagnosis of Urban Poor Housing in Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Iftekhar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
Housing Supply ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Key Factor

This paper presents concepts important for understanding urban poor housing in Vietnam, with a focus on key environmental, socio-economic, and cultural dimensions that bear on the housing sector. The paper draws on extensive field studies and presents a diagnosis of the context of and prospects for housing of the urban poor in Vietnam's two main cities: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. While the literature on this theme is scanty, it points to the market-orientated economic reforms initiated in the 1980s as a key factor in creating imbalance in the housing supply. Recognising the current challenges in balancing affordability and sustainability, the study explores Vietnam's lack of adequate and affordable housing and the problems faced by the urban poor in accessing adequate housing.

scholarly journals Rape and the Prevalence of Hybrids in Broadly Sympatric Species: a Case Study using Albatrosses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sievert Rohwer ◽  
Rebecca B. Harris ◽  
Hollie E. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Species Differences ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Male Reproductive Success ◽  
Gene Exchange ◽  
Nuclear Markers ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Extensive Field

Conspecific rape often increases male reproductive success. However, the haste and aggression of forced copulations suggests that males may sometimes rape heterospecific females, thus making rape a likely, but undocumented, source of hybrids between broadly sympatric species. We present evidence that heterospecific rape may be the source of hybrids between Black-footed and Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes, and P. immutabilis, respectively). Extensive field studies have shown that paired (but not unpaired) males of both of these albatross species use rape as a supplemental reproductive strategy. Between species differences in size, timing of laying, and aggressiveness suggest that Black-footed Albatrosses should be more successful than Laysan Albatrosses in heteropspecific rape attempts, and male Black-footed Albatrosses have been observed attempting to force copulations on female Laysan Albatrosses. Nuclear markers showed that the six hybrids we studied were F1s and mitochondrial markers showed that male Black-footed Albatrosses sired all six hybrids. The siring asymmetry found in our hybrids may have long persisted because an IM analysis suggests that long-term gene exchange between these species has been from Black-footed Albatrosses into Laysan Albatrosses. If hybrids are sired in heterospecific rapes, they presumably would be raised and sexually imprinted on Laysan Albatrosses, and two unmated hybrids in a previous study courted only Laysan Albatrosses.

scholarly journals Microbial induced acid corrosion from a field perspective - Advances in process understanding and construction material development

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Cyrill Grengg ◽  
Florian Mittermayr ◽  
Neven Ukrainczyk ◽  
Eddie Koenders ◽  
Günther Koraimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Corrosion ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Extensive Field ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Microbial induced acid corrosion is accounted for ~40 % of the degradation of subsurface wastewater infrastructure globally. While fundamental process understanding has increased significantly within the last decades, to date no sustainable building material exists, which meets the long-term requirements in such aggressive and corrosive environments. This work describes a novel model based on field studies, conducted in various Austrian sewer networks, intertwining biological, mineralogical and hydro-chemical factors. Additionally, an extensive field testing campaign over the duration of 18 months, conducted on different geopolymer concretes (GPC), particularly designed for the latter environments will be presented. Innovative GPCs were tested regarding their microstructural behavior, microbial accessibility and hydro-chemical alterations over time and compared to commercially produced cement based products, including OPC and CAC concretes. Additionally, the system specific environmental parameters, such as relevant gas concentrations (H2S, CO2, CH4), relative humidity and temperature were constantly monitored.

scholarly journals Responses of Red Flour Beetle Adults, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and Other Stored Product Beetles to Different Pheromone Trap Designs

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 733
Author(s):  
Carl W. Doud ◽  
Thomas W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Sticky Trap ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Blow Down ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

A series of laboratory and field experiments were performed to assess the responses of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and other stored-product beetles to pheromone-baited traps and trap components. A commercial Tribolium pitfall trap called the Flit-Trak M2, the predecessor to the Dome trap, was superior in both laboratory and field experiments over the other floor trap designs assessed at capturing walking T. castaneum. In field experiments, Typhaea stercorea (L.) and Ahasverus advena (Stephens) both preferred a sticky trap to the pitfall trap. Although the covered trap is effective at capturing several other species of stored product beetles, the synthetic Tribolium aggregation pheromone lure is critical for the pitfall trap’s efficacy for T. castaneum. Although the food-based trapping oil used in the pitfall trap was not found to be attractive to T. castaneum when assayed alone, it had value as an enhancer of the pheromone bait when the two were used together in the trap. A dust cover modification made to go over the pitfall trap was effective in protecting the trap from dust, although the trap was still vulnerable to dust contamination from sanitation techniques that used compressed air to blow down the mill floors. Capture of T. castaneum in the modified trap performed as well as the standard trap design in a non-dusty area of a flour mill, and was significantly superior over the standard trap in a dusty area. T. castaneum responded in flight outside a flourmill preferentially to multiple funnel traps with pheromone lures compared to traps without pheromone.

A funnel trap for capture of small arboreal reptiles

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Hardy ◽  
Patricia Fleming ◽  
Michael Craig ◽  
Christine Davis ◽  
Andrew Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Transparent Material ◽  
Trap Design ◽  
Drift Fence ◽  
Funnel Trap

Abstract Small arboreal reptiles can be difficult to capture, except in traps, and the physical trap characteristics, drift-fence and bait are critical factors that can influence the efficacy of any trap. We conducted experiments on marbled geckoes (Christinus marmoratus, Gekkonidae) and wall skinks (Cryptoblepharus plagiocephalus, Scincidae) that examined bait preferences, attractiveness of different visual and acoustic cues and efficacy of different drift-fence materials to develop a trap for small arboreal reptiles. The experiments showed that both marbled geckos and wall skinks preferred crickets as bait, that wall skinks avoided darkness/cover and that both species had difficulty climbing flashing material covered in oil. This led us to develop an arboreal trap that was made from transparent material, used crickets as bait and had drift-fences constructed from flashing material. When used in the field, the final trap design was effective in capturing arboreal reptiles.

scholarly journals Trap type and positioning: how to trap Savi’s pine voles using the tunnel system

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Dell’Agnello ◽  
Valeria Mazza ◽  
Matilde Martini ◽  
Sandro Bertolino ◽  
Dario Capizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Nesting Material ◽  
Vole Species ◽  
Social Habits ◽  
Tunnel System ◽  
Microtus Savii ◽  
Capture Rates

Abstract Savi’s pine vole, Microtus savii, is the most widespread Italian vole species, an important rodent pest in agriculture and yet one of the least studied species. One of the reasons for this gap in knowledge is that members of this species are quite difficult to capture with standard trapping procedures, being fossorial and rarely active aboveground. For this reason, we developed a protocol that maximizes trapping success. This method requires the identification of active tunnel holes and the placement of traps directly in front of the exits. We also compared capture and recapture rates of Savi’s pine voles in three different trap types: Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Longworth and Ugglan. If properly equipped with food and nesting material, INRA, Longworth and Ugglan traps showed similar capture rates, but the recapture rate of Ugglan traps was the highest of the three kinds of traps. These results, in combination with the species’ fossorial and social habits, lead us to conclude that Ugglan traps are the best suited for studies on Savi’s pine voles. Our results may have implications for planning and implementing management strategies based on traps rather than rodenticides, as well as field studies on other fossorial small mammals.

Effects of the coastal brown ant Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius), on the ant fauna of the Perth metropolitan region, Western Australia

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. May ◽  
B. E. Heterick
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pitfall Trap ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pheidole Megacephala ◽  
Apparent Displacement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Almost All

This paper reports on the apparent displacement of native and exotic ants from gardens in the Perth Metropolitan region by the coastal brown ant (Pheidole megacephala (Fabricius)). Twelve gardens were sampled, four with P. megacephala present, and eight (the controls) where the ant was judged to be absent. Eight out of the 26 ant species recorded (including the coastal brown ant) were introduced. Ninety-two per cent of pitfall trap contents comprised the four most abundant species: P. megacephala, lridomyrmex chasei (Forel), Tetramorium simillimum (F. Smith) and Paratrechina ?obscura (Mayr). Three of the four P. megacephala-dominated gardens were depauperate of almost all other ant species. The fourth P. megacephala-infested garden had a relatively small number of coastal brown ants (104), and the highest number of ant species was found in that garden. The removal of this outlier garden left an average range of one to three species for the other three P. megacephala-infested gardens. Control gardens had between five and 12 ant species. Total ant abundance ranged from an average of 1 027 per P. megacephala-infested garden (increasing to 1 171 if the outlier garden is removed) to 146 at control gardens. There was a significant difference both in ant richness and ant abundance between the controls and P. megacephala-infested gardens (P < 0.05). This remained the case when figures for coastal brown ants were excluded from calculations.

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