Population Abundance of Flies Collected in Different Traps in Small Ruminants in Ladang Pasir Akar, Besut, Terengganu

Flies are common ectoparasites to livestock. Some species of flies are important to small ruminants because they can spread disease and cause disturbance to animals, thus lowering their productivity. Considering the impact of flies to the productivity of small ruminants, it is important to identify the species of flies that occur in an area for early control actions. The study was aimed to determine the species of flies in Diptera family that occur in Ladang UniSZA Pasir Akar and their population abundance. The flies were collected using three types of traps: Malaise trap, yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap for three consecutive weeks. The traps were set up in three different locations in small ruminants rearing area in the farm. Nine Diptera families significant to livestock were identified: Calliphoridae, Ceratopogonidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Psychodidae, Rhiniidae, Sarcophagidae, Simuliidae and Tabanidae. The family Sarcophagidae recorded the highest abundance in the farm (26.57%), while the lowest of flies count was from the family Tabanidae (0.82%). The most diverse family of Diptera was collected by Malaise trap and the lowest diversity was recorded from yellow pan trap. The results from this study had provided the first insight of the flies important to small ruminants occurred in this farm.

Diversity of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park, Hyderabad, India

The diversity and abundance of Hemipteran families at Agri-biodiversity park of Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India was studied from September 2019 to January 2020. A total of 12,575 individuals under 22 families of Hemiptera were recorded by using five different collection methods viz. pitfall trap, yellow pan trap, manual collection, light trap and yellow sticky trap. Family Cicadellidae was found to be the most abundant family (RA=32.70%), followed by Aleyrodidae (RA=12.47%) and Delphacidae (RA=12.30%), while Eurybrachidae (RA=0.10%), Flatidae (RA=0.10%) and Scutelleridae (RA=0.11%) were the least abundant families. Among the five different collection methods, light trap recorded the maximum number of individuals (6010) followed by yellow sticky trap (3815) whereas, manual collection method (313) recorded the least number of individuals. The Shannon-Weiner diversity Index, Margalef’s species richness index and Pielou’s evenness index for the Hemipteran fauna of the study area were 2.252, 2.225 and 0.728 respectively.

PKM Penanggulangan Hama Kutu Kebul Pada Cabai Rawit Menggunakan Perangkap Likat Kuning di Desa Ayuhula Kabupaten Gorontalo

Hama kutu kebul merupakan salah satu persoalan yang cukup sering terjadi di Kabupaten Gorontalo. Minimnya pengetahuan petani cabai rawit mengenai hama kutu kebul merupakan salah satu sebab banyaknya hama kutu kebul yang menyerang tanaman cabai rawit maupun hortikultura lainnya. Fokus utama kegiatan ini adalah menjawab persoalan kutu kebul pada cabai rawit melalui pemantauan secara partisipatif melalui pendekatan citizen science. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan skill dan pengetahuan petani mengenai pemantauan, pencegahan, serta pengendalian hama kutu kebul pada cabai rawit. Kegiatan ini menggabungkan dua aspek, dimana aspek pertama adalah kegiatan peningkatan kemampuan petani dalam pemantauan, pencegahan, dan pengendalian hama kutu kebul, dan aspek kedua yaitu pemantauan partisipatif berbasis citizen science. Kegiatan ini terlaksana dalam bentuk pelatihan tiga sesi, dimana sesi-1 yaitu mengenai pengenalan hama kutu kebul termasuk ciri-ciri serta penanggulangannya. Lalu pada sesi-2, yaitu praktek pembuatan dan pemasangan alat perangkap yellow sticky trap, dimana petani mempelajari cara membuat perangkap hama kutu kebul. Kemudian pada sesi-3, peserta belajar mengenai prosedur field work, yakni pengamatan, pencatatan, serta input data. Kegiatan ini memberikan pemahaman kepada petani mengenai pentingnya penggunaan perangkap kuning, serta keterampilan kepada petani agar dapat membuat dan menggunakan perangkap kuning sehingga mengurangi serangan hama. Sebelum kegiatan, petani belum mengetahui bahwa mereka dapat membuat sendiri perangkap sederhana dengan menggunakan bahan yang mudah ditemukan disekitar dan memberikan dampak yang baik bagi tanaman mereka. Setelah kegiatan ini, petani menyadari pentingnya pemantauan hama dan juga memahami cara pembuatan perangkap untuk menanggulangi hama kutu kebul sehingga hasil panen dapat dimaksimalkan.

DETEKSI SERANGGA HAMA PADA GUDANG PENYIMPANAN BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu) MENGGUNAKAN BEBERAPA METODEPENGAMBILAN SAMPEL

The research aims to detect insect in betel nut storage (Areca catechu) using some sampling methods. The research was conducted by survey method using three sampling methods, namely hand sampling method, yellow sticky trap method, and dome trap method. The parameters observed were types of insect pests found, insect populations obtained, and abundance of pest insect populations. The research was conducted from July to October 2018 in four betel nut storagesin Jambi City and Muaro Jambi District. Insects found in the betel nut storages with three sampling methods were 28 pest species. In the hand sampling method found 16 types of pest insects, in the yellow sticky trap trap method found 21 types of insect pests, and in the dome trap method found 21 types of insect pests. The dominant insects found in the three sampling methods were Ahasverus advena, Araecerus fasciculatus, Callosobruchus spp., Carpophilus dimidiatus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Cryptolestes pusillus, Hypothenemus hampei, Lasioderma serricorne, Lophocateres pusillus, Oryzaephilus mercator, Typhaea stercorea, and Tribolium castaneum.

Detection and monitoring of Drosophila suzukii in raspberry and cherry orchards with volatile organic compounds in the USA and Europe

Spotted wing drosophila (SWD) causes significant economic loss in fruit crops to growers worldwide. There is immediate need for efficacious and selective monitoring tools that can detect infestations early. Previously, volatile organic compounds derived from apple were studied and a quinary chemical component blend (QB) was identified as the key SWD attractant in a blueberry orchard in the United States. This study’s aim was to determine whether previously observed QB efficacy, selectivity, and early detection levels could be attained within raspberry and cherry fields in the USA and Europe. Results demonstrated that sticky trap baited QB dispenser provided earlier SWD detection potential than the usually adopted apple cider vinegar (ACV) trap. The number of SWD captured/trap by QB baited trapping systems was significantly lower than that of the ACV trap. However, percent SWD/trap of QB baited traps was same within cherry. Lower non-target capture will save farmer/grower’s labor and time allocated to traps installation and drosophila species identification. Within the USA, SWD selectivity of QB baited liquid traps was consistently greater than sticky trap in raspberry field, suggesting that the QB dispenser can be an alternative to the standard ACV lure and that trap design could improve selectivity further.

KEANEKARAGAMAN ARTHROPODA PADA PERTANAMAN MENTIMUN (Cucumis sativus L.) DENGAN SISTEM PHT DAN KONVENSIONAL DI KECAMATAN MANTUP, LAMONGAN

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan lahan mentimun dengan PHT dan konvensional terhadap keanekaragaman arthropoda dan intensitas serangan hama Aulacophora similis, serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani dari dua sistem tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Mantup, Kecamatan Mantup, Kabupaten Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Pengamatan arthropoda dilakukan dengan 3 metode (visual, yellow sticky trap, dan yellow pan trap) dan hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan uji T, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan Indeks keragaman (H’), Indeks Kekayaan Jenis (R), Indeks Kemerataan Jenis (e’) dan Indeks Dominansi (C). Kelayakan usahatani dihitung menggunakan parameter R/C Ratio dan BEP Harga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara jumlah spesies arthropoda yang ditemukan di kedua sistem. Nilai H' pada sistem PHT dan konvensional berada pada kategori sedang. R dan e' memiliki kategori serupa, tinggi pada PHT, tetapi sedang pada sistem konvensional. Pada saat yang sama, nilai C pada kedua sistem tidak menunjukkan dominasi. Hasil intensitas serangan A. similis terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara PHT dan sistem konvensional. R / C Ratio masing-masing menunjukkan 1,38 dan 1,37 pada sistem PHT dan konvensional, sehingga kedua sistem tersebut layak untuk dijalankan. Berdasarkan nilai BEP, harga minimum mentimun kg-1 pada sistem PHT adalah Rp 3.615,97 sedangkan pada sistem konvensional adalah Rp 3.644,94.

INTEGRASI PADI MERAH DAN TERNAK LEMBU MENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN DI TAPANULI SELATAN

Sumatera Utara sebagai sumber penghasil beras teridentifikasi kekurangan energi protein, dapat dikendalikan melalui konsumsi beras merah dan daging lembu. Di Sumatera Utara, lahan tanam beras merah diidentifikasi pada 7 Kabupaten, diantaranya adalah Tapanuli Selatan. Penanaman beras merah spesifik lokal terdapat di Desa Tanjung Dolok, Kec.Marancar, Kab.Tapsel, manakala pengelolaan ternak lembu sebagai sumber protein hewani yang potensial di Desa Sijungkang, Kec. Angkola Timur, Kab. Tapsel, Sumatera Utara. Oleh sebab itu, sangat penting dilakukan kegiatan Pengabdian Pengembangan Desa Mitra (PPDM) selama 3 tahun dengan menganalisis kedua faktor (internal dan eksternal), strategi penting, konservasi, pengelolaan pertanian beras merah dan ternak lembu lokal terpadu mendukung ekowisata sebagai upaya menumbuhkembangkan kegiatan ekonomi kreatif. Sistem tani ternak (tanter), salah satu alternatif pemecahan masalah strategis dan efektif dengan keuntungan ekonomi, sosial dan ekologi. Induksi pengetahuan tentang pola tanam tepat guna, Pengendalian Hama Terpadu menggunakan Sweep Net (perangkap jaring), Yellow Sticky Trap (perangkap pelikat kuning), pestisida nabati, dan pakan prebiotik bagi ternak lembu diharapkan meningkatkan produktivitas hasil pertanian dan peternakan. Tanter sebagai sumber pangan protein produktif diharapkan mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan di Sumatera Utara.Kata kunci: Integrasi, Beras Merah, Ternak Lembu, Ketahanan Pangan, Sumatera Utara.

Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia

Tarno H, Setiawan Y, Rahardjo BT, Wang J. 2021. Evaluation of the ambrosia beetles traps on Pterocarpus indicus in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1332-1339. Angsana, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., is a native tree of Southeast Asia. This tree is commonly planted in large numbers as an ornamental or shade plant along the roads, in parks, and in residential areas in Malang and Batu Cities of Indonesia. Ambrosia beetles Euplatypus parallelus (F.) and Treptoplatypus micrurus (Schedl.) have been reported to attack P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. Therefore, effective traps are required for early detection and monitoring of the spread of ambrosia beetles. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different traps and to investigate the diversity of ambrosia beetles on P. indicus trees in Malang and Batu Cities. This research was conducted along the roads in Malang and Batu Cities using four types of traps: funnel trap, window flight trap, bottle trap, and yellow sticky trap. Eleven ambrosia beetle species were collected in this research. The most abundant species were E. parallelus and Cryphalus laticollis (Browne). The funnel trap was the most effective for capturing ambrosia beetles, whereas the bottle trap was the least effective trap. The funnel trap captured more E. parallelus and C. laticollis individuals than other traps. The ambrosia beetles captured using different traps were categorized as having low diversity. The ambrosia beetles collected from Malang and Batu Cities were categorized as having moderate diversity.