Poids des nouveau-nés et reproduction de Vipera aspis (Reptilia: Viperidae), dans des conditions naturelles et artificielles

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Naulleau ◽  
Hubert Saint Girons
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Vipera Aspis

AbstractWe studied 36 pregnant females and 70 litters of Vipera aspis. Vipers were either recently caught, living in outdoor terrariums (semi-natural conditions), or living in the laboratory (artificial conditions). Following results were obtained: 1. There were significant correlations between the number of eggs and the weight of the litter and between the length and weight of the females. 2. The weight of hatchings does not depend, or only to a small extent, on the length or on the weight of the female, but is negatively correlated with the number of eggs. Hatching weight is generally higher in semi-natural and artificial conditions than in natural conditions. On the other hand, litter size was independent of the rearing conditions. 3. The weight of a litter at birth represents an average of 44 and 47% of the female's weight, respectively in natural and semi-natural conditions, where vipers breed generally once every two years; and only 34% in artificial conditions, where females breed once or twice a year. In all cases, this proportion is independent of the female's weight.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE DOE WEIGHT ON HER REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Ahmed ◽  
Hussain Yawr Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand

Thirty-six local dose have been used and were divided in to three groups sacording to weight, in each group twelve dose. In the first group the weights of the dose were higher than ( 2.5 kgs) and less than (3 kgs). The second groups was higher than 3 kgs) and less than (3.5 kgs). The third group was higher than (3.5 kgs) and less than (4 kgs). The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of doe weight on her reproductive efficiency (gestation period, litter size, litter weight at birth and weaning, growth rate of offspring preweaning, conception rate and preweaning mortility).  The weight of the doe had no significant effect upon the gestation period and this period was 30.9, 31.2, 31.3 days for the three groups respectively, on the other hand the litter size was affected significantly by doe weight and litter size was at birth and preaweaning (5.1 , 5.8 and 6.2), (4.5, 5.3 and 5.7) for the three groups respectively. The offspring weight at birth and weaning was affected significantly by doe weight and this weight was (40.1 , 48.2 and 53.3 gms), (203.6, 227.5 and 233.8 gms) for the three groups respectively while the conception rate was not affected by doe weight. The mortility percentage in the prewaning period was not significantly by doe weight

scholarly journals ‘Heterosis’ in litter size of chimaeric mice

1985 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mikami ◽  
Akira Onishi
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mixed Genotype ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Single Genotype ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Progeny Tests ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYAggregation chimaeras were made from embryos of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Chimaeric and control females were mated with ICR males at 8 weeks of age and their litter sizes were evaluated over a 5-month period after the first mating. Progeny tests showed that 18 of 27 chimaeras produced oocytes of both genotypes. The mean litter sizes of C57BL/6, BALB/c and their F1 crosses (C57BL/6 × BALB/c and BALB/c × C57BL/6) were 8·14, 9·36, 13·38 and 13·40, respectively. The mean for chimaeras was 11·54 and chimaeric heterosis was evident, but it was not as much as heterosis in the F1 When the chimaeras were classified into the mixed and single-genotype progeny chimaeras, chimaeric heterosis was observed only in the mixed-progeny chimaeras. Quantitative GPI analyses in ten organs showed that the degree of chimaerism in the mixed-genotype progeny chimaeras was higher than that in most of the single-genotype progeny chimaeras and that the degree of chimaerism in the ovaries was positively correlated with litter size in the mixed-genotype progeny chimaeras. On the other hand, such correlation was not observed in the single-genotype progeny chimaeras.

The Italian line in English after Chaucer

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Duffell
Keyword(s):  
Small Extent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Deployment ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Long Line ◽  
Iambic Pentameter ◽  
Distinguishing Features

This article argues that the English iambic pentameter (EIP) has other important features in addition to the five parameters identified by Hanson and Kiparsky’s (1996) parametric theory ( position number and size, orientation, prominence site and type). One of these features is that EIP contains a mixture of pausing (French) and running (Italian) lines, as determined by whether the syllable in position 4 is word-final. A study of the frequency with which the Italian line is used in the two centuries after Chaucer’s death reveals that Hoccleve and the Scots poets, Henryson, Dunbar and Douglas, adhered fairly closely to Chaucer’s EIP verse design. On the other hand, several generations of English poets, Lydgate, Wyatt, Surrey and Sidney, experimented with alternative types of line that might well have developed into the canonical English long-line metre. Ultimately, however, the examples of Spenser and Shakespeare proved decisive in ensuring the victory of Chaucer’s metre. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Donne, Milton, Dryden, Pope, Wordsworth, Keats and Browning were among the major poets who consolidated that victory and exploited the Italian line in order to accommodate their own or their age’s choice of diction. The mixture of French and Italian lines in decasyllabic verse is one of the distinguishing features of EIP. Although other factors affect the proportions in this mixture to a small extent, they are primarily the result of individual poets’ aesthetic choice. Significantly, all the English poets after Spenser whose verse is analysed in this article have favoured a more evenly balanced mixture of French and Italian lines than the random deployment of their lexicon would have produced.

EXOGENOUS HORMONE UPTAKE AND RETENTION IN THE RAT UTERUS AT THE TIME OF OVO-IMPLANTATION

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 804-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Exogenous Hormone ◽  
Rat Uterus ◽  
Pregnant Uterus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ovum Implantation

ABSTRACT The uterine uptake of tritiated hormones, oestradiol and progesterone, was studied at the time of ovum implantation in the rat. Macromolecular dyes such as trypan blue were used to distinguish implanted sites from the unimplanted ones. A differential uptake was found between the implanted and unimplanted sites in normal 6th day pregnant females. Oestradiol was retained more at the unimplanted sites, whereas its half-life was approximately the same at the two levels. On the other hand progesterone was found in greater amounts in the implanted sites due to a difference in half-life for each site (30 min for unimplanted sites, 40 min for implanted ones during the first 30 min following injection). When endogenous oestradiol retention was suppressed by ovariectomy, higher uptake of [3H]oestradiol in unimplanted sites was not found. These results suggest a heterogeneity in the binding sites of oestradiol in the pregnant uterus.

scholarly journals A comparative study on reproductive performance and productivity of the Black Bengal and Crossbred goat at Atrai, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan ◽  
SM Niaz Mahmud ◽  
SKM Azizul Islam ◽  
Omar Faruk Miazi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present investigation was carried out to detect the status of different productive and reproductive parameters of Black Bengal and Crossbred goats at Bandaikhara village under Atrai Upazilla of Naogaon district during the period of September to December/2005. The average age at first sign of heat of Black Bengal goats was better than that of Crossbred goats. In Black Bengal goat the average age at first kidding was 360.5±10 days, whereas, in crossbred goats it was 411.5±15.5 day. Significantly (P<0.01) lower the post partum heat period in Black Bengal goat than the crossbred goat. The average kidding interval in Black Bengal and Crossbred goats were 179±20 and 270±22 days respectively and differences are statistically significant (P<0.01). The usual numbers of kids at one time in Black Bengal goats vary from single to quadruplet. On the other hand, litter size of crossbred goat was single or twin. The average birth weight of Black Bengal goat was lower than Crossbred goats, which are statistically significant (P<0.05). The average body weight gain after 365 days is better in Crossbred than Black Bengal goats and statistically significant (P<0.01). The average milk yield in Crossbred goat was 1.05 liter/day, whereas, in Black Bengal goat, it produces milk that only nourished its kids. It was concluded that the reproductive performance like early maturity, larger litter size, shorter postpartum period, minimum kidding interval are better in Black Bengal goat. On the other hand productive performance like higher birth weight, maximum body weight gain, high milk yield, longer lactation length are suitable in crossbred goat. Key words: Black Bengal goat, Crossbred goat, Production, Reproduction, Performance Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 55-57

scholarly journals Correlation of litter size traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
Cedomir Radovic ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Nenad Brkic ◽  
Nenad Parunovic ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Individual Weight ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Heredity and correlation of litter size traits were observed in 3693 litters, i.e. in 1622 daughters of two genotypes Swedish Landrace genotype - SL; and F1 ? SLxLW. The study included daughters (minimum ten daughters per sire) of 24 sires. Heritability estimates for the total number of piglets per litter in the first, the first two parities, and for all three parities was 0.174; 0.167 and 0.135. Heritability estimates for the number of piglets born alive were 0.181; 0.160 and 0.121, and for the weight of litter at birth 0.166; 0.174 and 0.150. On the other hand, very low heritability was determined for the number of weaned piglets, litter weight of piglets reared, individual weight of born and reared piglets, i.e. for the traits that are under greater influence of the environment (from 0.004 to 0.037). Phenotypic and genetic correlations ranged from weak to complete (rp = 0.021 to rp = 0.973 and rg=0.188 to rg=0.999, respectively). Analysis of the significance of correlations showed that the genetic correlations were statistically highly significant (P <0.01).

scholarly journals Floating-market Vietnamese merchants' activities in the Mekong Delta: Vietnamese people's socio-cultural features

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Le Van Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cultural Features

The economic activities of a community depend on natural conditions of the place where the community lives. On the other hand, the economic activities of a community are particular expressions of the community’s cultural features since economic activities clearly demonstrate the adaptability of a community in its specific natural environment. The Mekong Delta is the largest delta in our country where many ethnic groups reside. The Mekong Delta communities’ economic activities reflect a common characteristic of all the communities at the place in the process of cultural exchange; on the other hand, they represent each community’s own culture associated with a particular ethnic group. Our paper presents living-earning activities of floating-market Vietnamese merchants in order to clarify socio-cultural features in the specific context of the South.

scholarly journals The effect of chosen factors of the growth of lambs crosses of the breeds Charollais, Suffolk and Improved Valachian

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Igor Dobeš ◽  
Jan Kuchtík
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Highly Uniform ◽  
Growth Ability

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of chosen factors (crossbreds, sex, litter size, age of ewes and interaction between sex and litter size) on the growth of lambs crossbreds of the breeds Charollais (Ch), Suffolk (Sf) and Improved Valachian (IV). The evaluation was performed in the year 2004 on the farm Růžďka and involved altogether 96 lambs. The growth ability was evaluated at the following crossbreds: Ch x Sf (n = 28), (Ch x Sf) x Sf (n = 28), IV x Sf (n = 21) and (IV x Sf) x Sf (n = 19). All lambs under study were born indoor in January. Lambs were kept indoor till the end of the evaluation. From the evaluation of effects of crossbreds, sex and age of ewes on the live body weights and daily gains of lambs above all result that these factors showed a significant effect only on the live body weight at birth. On the other hand, the factors of litter size and interaction between sex and litter size showed a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect on the live body weights of lambs at birth, at 70 and at 100 days of age as well as on their daily gains within the intervals from birth to 70 and 100 days of age. It can be concluded that the daily gains were highly uniform but relatively low in all crossbreds under the study within the time interval from birth to the age of 100 days, while the non-significantly highest daily gain was recorded in the crossbreds of IV x Sf (211 g). On the other hand the lowest ones were observed in the crossbreds of CH x Sf and (IV x Sf) x Sf (199 g).

scholarly journals Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: Variation in Size and Structure due to Nutrition

Parasitology ◽  
1913 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. F. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Appendiculatus ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Size And Structure

In the course of our studies on species of Rhipicephalus, we have noted the great variability in size and structure observable in the genus. This variability has been a cause of much confusion in classification, as noted by Warburton (Parasitology, 1912, v. 1). It soon occurred to me, in seeking for an explanation of this variability, that it might well be due to nutrition, it being probable that, under natural conditions, a certain number of ticks are removed from the host before they have fed to repletion. When a host is infested with ticks it will brush or rub off a certain number prematurely and the ticks which are imperfectly fed would, doubtless, give rise to adults of small size. As stated, the great variability observed in Rhipicephalus is very striking. In the genus Ixodes, on the other hand, the size of the adults is fairly constant. In the latter case, we have, as a rule, to deal with small ticks provided in the immature stages with long hypostomes, both the small size and hypostomal structure rendering it most difficult for the tick to be removed prematurely from the host. It is difficult to remove Ixodes from the host without breaking the hypostome and using considerable force. In Haemaphysalis, as in Rhipicephalus, the immature stages are provided with short hypostomes and the ticks are more readily removed. The variation in size noted in adult Haemaphysalis, whilst considerable, is not as great as in Rhipicephalus, which would appear to be attributable to the smaller size of the tick, being in a measure a protection against its being prematurely removed from the host.

Extreme Version of Projectivity for Normed Modules Over Sequence Algebras

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Helemskii
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Normed Algebra ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Infinite Dimensional ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Finite Sequences ◽  
Sequence Algebra ◽  
Normed Module

AbstractWe define and study the so-called extreme version of the notion of a projective normed module. The relevant definition takes into account the exact value of the norm of the module in question, in contrast with the standard known definition that is formulated in terms of normtopology.After the discussion of the case where our normed algebra A is just C, we concentrate on the case of the next degree of complication, where A is a sequence algebra satisfying some natural conditions. The main results give a full characterization of extremely projective objects within the subcategory of the category of non-degenerate normed A-modules, consisting of the so-called homogeneous modules. We consider two cases, ‘non-complete’ and ‘complete’, and the respective answers turn out to be essentially different.In particular, all Banach non-degenerate homogeneous modules consisting of sequences are extremely projective within the category of Banach non-degenerate homogeneous modules. However, neither of them, provided it is infinite-dimensional, is extremely projective within the category of all normed non-degenerate homogeneous modules. On the other hand, submodules of these modules consisting of finite sequences are extremely projective within the latter category.

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