The Acoustic Behaviour of Platycleis Albopunctata (Goeze) (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

Behaviour ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 182-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Dispersion Pattern ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Acoustic Interference ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
Field Sound ◽  
Bush Cricket

AbstractLaboratory studies have been made of the duetting behaviour of the bush cricket Platycleis albopunctata and related to the natural behaviour of this species in the field. Sound transmission and attenuation in grassland habitats has been investigated briefly. Duets between caged males usually commence with a phase of chirp alternation in which each insect produces chirps at half the normal rate. Generally duets resolve into interactions in which one insect sings close to the normal solo rate while the other sings intermittently, interrupting chirps such that the species-specific temporal pattern of the songs of both insects is obscured. The lack of precise alternation and the development of this dominance-subordinance relationship is consistent with a 'territorial' dispersion pattern in the field where males are usually beyond the range of mutual acoustic interference.

First Record of the Bush-Cricket Isophya Harzi (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) Outside its Locus Typicus

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu ◽  
Alexandru Ioan Tatu ◽  
Elena Iulia Iorgu
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Bioacoustic Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Locus Typicus ◽  
Bush Cricket

Abstract During the period 2008-2012, the bush-cricket Isophya harzi Kis, 1960 has been the subject of several collecting trips in Cozia Mountains, where it was believed to be endemic, in order to study its acoustic behaviour. However, on a recent trip to Piatra Craiului Mountains, to study its Orthoptera fauna, I. harzi was surprisingly found in clearings and mountain steppe slopes covered with tall subalpine vegetation from Northern and Western areas. Bioacoustic analysis and some ecological notes are presented in the paper.

The Acoustic Behaviour of the Bush Cricket Pholidoptera Griseoaptera

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
M. D. R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Chirp Rate ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Hearing Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bush Cricket

1. Pholidoptera griseoptera males singing alone or alternating with other males produce short chirps of three or occasionally four syllables (wing movements) lasting about 100 msec. (at 18° C.). 2. Close proximity of singing males may result in rivalry behaviour where chirps lasting up to about 4 sec. may be produced. The long chirp is not usually continuous but has a number of breaks or ‘stutters’. 3. The syllables and syllable rates in the long chirp and short chirp are essentially similar. 4. At the end of a short chirp or of a group of syllables in the long chirp, the syllable rate is decreased, possibly indicating a waning of excitation of the syllable-producing mechanism. 5. Males within hearing range of each other alternate or occasionally synchronize their short chirps. The pattern of this interaction appears to be determined mainly by mutual inhibition between the singing males. Mutual excitation may cause an in crease in chirp rate during the interaction. 6. Chirping may be controlled by a pacemaker system which can be inhibited or excited by its various inputs. A long chirp is possibly the result of a high level of excitation of this mechanism. 7. Alternation singing and rivalry behaviour between males may have a territorial significance.

Temporal Pattern Shifts to Avoid Acoustic Interference in Singing Birds

Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 183 (4126) ◽  
pp. 762-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Ficken ◽  
M. S. Ficken ◽  
J. P. Hailman
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Acoustic Interference

Acute physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on two unionid mussels, Actiononaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Baker ◽  
D J Hornbach
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Rate ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Unionid Mussels ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Food Depletion

Our laboratory studies of the physiological effects of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) infestation on the freshwater mussels Actinonaias ligamentina and Amblema plicata (Unionidae) show that (i) zebra mussel infestation causes stress and symptoms of starvation in unionid mussels, (ii) unionid species are affected unequally, and (iii) symptoms of starvation are greater when initial condition is low. Nutritive stress in infested unionid mussels was indicated by shifts to lower metabolic rates, more protein-based metabolism (lower O:N ratios), and compensatory increases in grazing rates. Starvation may be the result of local food depletion and (or) increased metabolic cost. Actinonaias ligamentina (subfamily Lampsilinae) was more sensitive to infestation than Amblema plicata (subfamily Ambleminae), as indicated especially by changes in oxygen uptake rate and grazing rate. The effects of infestation were greater in mussels that were already in low condition. Our results indicate that the decline in diversity of unionid mussels since the introduction of zebra mussels is due to species-specific rates of starvation.

Neurochemical control of cricket stridulation revealed by pharmacological microinjections into the brain

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (16) ◽  
pp. 2203-2216 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wenzel ◽  
B. Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Courtship Song ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Calling Song ◽  
Command Neurons ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Natural Behaviour ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Brain

Neuroactive substances were administered into the frontal protocerebrum of tethered male Gryllus bimaculatus by pressure injections from microcapillaries. All three types of species-specific song pattern (calling song, rivalry song and courtship song) could be elicited by injection of acetylcholine and cholinergic agonists. Injection of nicotine led to short bouts of calling song that occurred after a short latency. In contrast, muscarine elicited long-lasting stridulation that took longer to develop. The pharmacologically induced song patterns showed transitions from rivalry song to calling song and from calling song to courtship song, which also occur during natural behaviour. Stridulation induced by a cholinergic agonist could be immediately blocked by microinjection of (γ)-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into the same neuropile sites. Administration of picrotoxin in resting crickets led to enhanced motor activity that incorporated the three different song patterns. We propose that, in the brain of the cricket, acetylcholine and GABA are putative transmitters involved in the control of stridulation. Histological analysis located the stimulation sites to an area between the pedunculus and the (α)-lobe of the mushroom body in which the command neurons for calling song have dendritic arborizations.

scholarly journals The Acoustic Behaviour of the Bush Cricket Pholidoptera Griseoaptera

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
M. D. R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chirp Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Acoustic Interaction ◽  
Bush Cricket

1. Artificial signals have an inhibitory effect on chirping which affects whole chirps. With signals 1 sec. or less in length, the insects hardly ever chirp during the signal. If the signal is longer, chirps ’break through‘, but the chirp rate is usually less during the signals than in the periods of silence between the signals. 2. With signals of 0.1 sec. or less, the insect does not chirp until 0.4-1.0 sec. after the end of the signal. With longer signals this interval is reduced until the insect chirps during the signal. 3. Artificial signals may have an excitatory effect in increasing the total chirp rate in the period during which signals are being produced, and this effect may last for several minutes after the signals have ended. This may be due to rebound from inhibition or to a parallel excitatory effect of the signal. The excitatory effect is increased if the length of the signal is increased from 0.1 to 1 sec. 4. The excitatory effect is not so certain as the inhibitory effect and sometimes may be reversed, giving a reduction in chirp rate. 5. With very long signals (3 min.) there may be (a) a decrease in chirp rate during the signal followed by an increase after the signal, (b) a decrease in chirp rate during the signal with a very slow recovery after the signal, or (c) an increase in chirp rate during the signal followed by a decrease to normal after the signal. These effects can be more easily explained by parallel excitatory and inhibitory effects than by rebound from inhibition. 6. An increase in intensity of the signal from 40 to 70 db. gives an increase in both the inhibitory and the excitatory (or depressant) effects of the signals. 7. The rapidity and certainty of the inhibitory effect make it seem probable that few synapses are involved. The greater flexibility of the excitatory effect indicates that this effect may be mediated by higher centres in the C.N.S. 8. Recognition of the characteristic chirp of the species does not appear to be particularly important in the acoustic interaction of Ph. griseoaptera males.

Acquired immunity to Plasmodium vinckei in mice

Parasitology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. G. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Challenge Infection ◽  
Radical Cure ◽  
Drug Trials ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Plasmodium Vinckei

Plasmodium vinckei infections, which usually kill mice within 7 days, can be terminated in the majority of cases by a single injection of chloroquine phosphate equivalent to 10 mg/100 g body weight. After such drug treatment the parasites disappear from the blood for 6–11 days, after which a recrudescence with a low peak occurs. Most animals overcome this second parasitaemia and the parasites finally disappear completely. After recovery, mice exhibit an immune response to a challenge infection and, after a short period of parasitaemia during which a low peak is reached, the animals recover completely. This immunity, once acquired, apparently persists for the lifetime of the host. The establishment of the immune state depends on the period of patent parasitaemia during the primary infection and the longer this period the greater is the chance of a solid immunity developing. Immunity may be exhibited by mice treated with chloroquine as early as the 3rd day of infection. Killed parasites have no immunizing effect. Mice splenectomized before infection are capable of an immune response, and mice splenectomized after radical cure are also able to overcome a challenge infection. In both these cases more than one injection of chloroquine is required. The immunity produced in mice is that of the true sterile type, equivalent to that produced against P. berghei in rats, and is species-specific, conferring no resistance to infection with P. berghei. P. vinckei infections in mice provide a useful immunological model for laboratory studies. The immune response is predictable and easy to induce, and this parasite is therefore superior to P. berghei for immunological studies. Attention is drawn to the fact that in P. vinckei the infection is brought under control by the immune response and not by the antimalarial drug; therefore this ought to be taken into consideration in the assessment of drug trials.

Bioacoustics characterization of some anatolian endemic and sub-endemic Katydids (Orthoptera; Tettigoniidae; Bradyporinae, Phaneropterinae and Tettigoniinae) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4603 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
MEHMET SAİT TAYLAN ◽  
ABBAS MOL ◽  
HASAN SEVGİLİ ◽  
DENİZ ŞİRİN
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Male Calling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bush Cricket

Seventeen endemic and three sub-endemic species belonging to three subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera: Bradyporinae, Phaneropterinae and Tettigoniinae) were sampled during field trips throughout different regions of Anatolia between 2015 and 2018 (except one taxon). Acoustic parameters of these 20 bush-cricket species affiliated to 12 genera (Apholidoptera, Bradyporus, Decticus, Eupholidoptera, Parapholidoptera, Pezodrymadusa, Pholidoptera, Polysarcus, Psorodonotus, Squamiana, Uvarovistia and Yalvaciana) have been described for the first time in this study. Bioacoustical analysis shows that male calling songs are species-specific for the genera Bradyporus, Parapholidoptera, Pholidoptera, Apholidoptera, Uvarovistia and Psorodonotus. However, there are no distinct differences among species of the genus Pezodrymadusa. Moreover, our additional data on genus Eupholidoptera indicate that there are some different song patterns within the genus. The song description of Uvarovistia zebra presented here is the second bioacoustics data on this genus. The acoustical analyses data support the morpho-species hypothesis of Psorodonotus suphani Taylan & Şirin, 2014, which is known from Süphan Mountain (Bitlis province, Eastern part of Turkey) and reject Kaya & Çıplak (2017), which recommended it as synonym to P. caucasicus (Fischer von Waldheim, 1846) (commonly known as a Black Sea Region species).

Application of Laboratory Studies of Larval Behavior to Fisheries Problems

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 2184-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Sulkin
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Larval Behavior ◽  
Movement Data ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Species Specific

An evaluation of the utility and constraints of an experimental approach to study of larval behavior is presented. Properly designed laboratory studies can provide a description of species-specific traits that contribute to vertical distribution and thus influence dispersal and recruitment. Results from such studies are most effectively applied to fisheries problems when field studies alone cannot provide sufficient information. Fisheries problems that require an understanding of the mechanistic basis of larval dispersal may also require the rigor and control provided by laboratory-based studies of larval behavior. A conceptual model of the physical and behavioral components determining vertical position of a plankter in the water column is presented as the basis for developing specific experiments that test for the direction and speed of passive and active movement. Data from these experiments permit development of hypotheses regarding larval dispersal and survival.

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