The Acoustic Behaviour of the Bush Cricket Pholidoptera Griseoaptera

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
M. D. R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Chirp Rate ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Hearing Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bush Cricket

1. Pholidoptera griseoptera males singing alone or alternating with other males produce short chirps of three or occasionally four syllables (wing movements) lasting about 100 msec. (at 18° C.). 2. Close proximity of singing males may result in rivalry behaviour where chirps lasting up to about 4 sec. may be produced. The long chirp is not usually continuous but has a number of breaks or ‘stutters’. 3. The syllables and syllable rates in the long chirp and short chirp are essentially similar. 4. At the end of a short chirp or of a group of syllables in the long chirp, the syllable rate is decreased, possibly indicating a waning of excitation of the syllable-producing mechanism. 5. Males within hearing range of each other alternate or occasionally synchronize their short chirps. The pattern of this interaction appears to be determined mainly by mutual inhibition between the singing males. Mutual excitation may cause an in crease in chirp rate during the interaction. 6. Chirping may be controlled by a pacemaker system which can be inhibited or excited by its various inputs. A long chirp is possibly the result of a high level of excitation of this mechanism. 7. Alternation singing and rivalry behaviour between males may have a territorial significance.

scholarly journals The Acoustic Behaviour of the Bush Cricket Pholidoptera Griseoaptera

1966 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
M. D. R. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chirp Rate ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
Excitatory Effect ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Acoustic Interaction ◽  
Bush Cricket

1. Artificial signals have an inhibitory effect on chirping which affects whole chirps. With signals 1 sec. or less in length, the insects hardly ever chirp during the signal. If the signal is longer, chirps ’break through‘, but the chirp rate is usually less during the signals than in the periods of silence between the signals. 2. With signals of 0.1 sec. or less, the insect does not chirp until 0.4-1.0 sec. after the end of the signal. With longer signals this interval is reduced until the insect chirps during the signal. 3. Artificial signals may have an excitatory effect in increasing the total chirp rate in the period during which signals are being produced, and this effect may last for several minutes after the signals have ended. This may be due to rebound from inhibition or to a parallel excitatory effect of the signal. The excitatory effect is increased if the length of the signal is increased from 0.1 to 1 sec. 4. The excitatory effect is not so certain as the inhibitory effect and sometimes may be reversed, giving a reduction in chirp rate. 5. With very long signals (3 min.) there may be (a) a decrease in chirp rate during the signal followed by an increase after the signal, (b) a decrease in chirp rate during the signal with a very slow recovery after the signal, or (c) an increase in chirp rate during the signal followed by a decrease to normal after the signal. These effects can be more easily explained by parallel excitatory and inhibitory effects than by rebound from inhibition. 6. An increase in intensity of the signal from 40 to 70 db. gives an increase in both the inhibitory and the excitatory (or depressant) effects of the signals. 7. The rapidity and certainty of the inhibitory effect make it seem probable that few synapses are involved. The greater flexibility of the excitatory effect indicates that this effect may be mediated by higher centres in the C.N.S. 8. Recognition of the characteristic chirp of the species does not appear to be particularly important in the acoustic interaction of Ph. griseoaptera males.

First Record of the Bush-Cricket Isophya Harzi (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae) Outside its Locus Typicus

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionuţ Ştefan Iorgu ◽  
Alexandru Ioan Tatu ◽  
Elena Iulia Iorgu
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Acoustic Behaviour ◽  
Bioacoustic Analysis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Locus Typicus ◽  
Bush Cricket

Abstract During the period 2008-2012, the bush-cricket Isophya harzi Kis, 1960 has been the subject of several collecting trips in Cozia Mountains, where it was believed to be endemic, in order to study its acoustic behaviour. However, on a recent trip to Piatra Craiului Mountains, to study its Orthoptera fauna, I. harzi was surprisingly found in clearings and mountain steppe slopes covered with tall subalpine vegetation from Northern and Western areas. Bioacoustic analysis and some ecological notes are presented in the paper.

Radiotherapy for Brain Tumors: Current Practice and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-195
Author(s):  
Sarah Baker ◽  
Natalie Logie ◽  
Kim Paulson ◽  
Adele Duimering ◽  
Albert Murtha
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Level

Radiotherapy is an important component of the treatment for primary and metastatic brain tumors. Due to the close proximity of critical structures and normal brain parenchyma, Central Nervous System (CNS) radiotherapy is associated with adverse effects such as neurocognitive deficits, which must be weighed against the benefit of improved tumor control. Advanced radiotherapy technology may help to mitigate toxicity risks, although there is a paucity of high-level evidence to support its use. Recent advances have been made in the treatment for gliomas, meningiomas, benign tumors, and metastases, although outcomes remain poor for many high grade tumors. This review highlights recent developments in CNS radiotherapy, discusses common treatment toxicities, critically reviews advanced radiotherapy technologies, and highlights promising treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes in the future.

scholarly journals Assessing the sociability of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees by using multiplex networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Crailsheim ◽  
Toni Romani ◽  
Miquel Llorente ◽  
Elfriede Kalcher-Sommersguter
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Information Gain ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Multiplex Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Interaction Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAdvances in the field of social network analysis facilitate the creation of multiplex networks where several interaction types can be analysed simultaneously. In order to test the potential benefits of this approach, we investigated the sociability of atypically raised chimpanzees by constructing and analysing 4-layered multiplex networks of two groups of former pet and entertainment chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). These networks are based on four social interaction types (stationary vicinity, affiliative behaviour, allogrooming, passive close proximity) representing low- to high-level interaction types in terms of sociability. Using the tools provided by the MuxViz software, we could assess and compare the similarity and information gain of each these social interaction types. We found some social interaction types to be more similar than other ones. However, each social interaction type imparted different information. We also tested for a possible impact of the chimpanzees’ biographical background on the social interaction types and found affiliative behaviour as well as allogrooming to be affected by adverse early life experiences. We conclude that this multiplex approach provides a more realistic framework giving detailed insight into the sociability of these chimpanzees and can function as a tool to support captive care management decisions.

Analysis, Logic, Considerations, Mitigations, Risk Assessments and Procedure to Drill Horizontal Gas Well With Separation Factor Up to 0.6 between the Ellipses Avoiding Collision in Exploratory Field. Bio-UC Project at Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Ruiz ◽  
Ygnacio Nunez ◽  
Mahra Al Hammadi ◽  
Ibrahim Hamdy ◽  
Eisa Al Shamisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Reservoir Volume ◽  
Asset Value ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Oil Company

Abstract In a current oil & gas challenging drilling environment where the fields are becoming very congested, PAD drilling and field grid designs with close proximity wells operation is booming. Drilling challenging wells with high collision risks is common as a result of the requirement to maximize the Asset value of the oil fields. For this reason, the urge for ensuring accurate well placement is becoming critical and as a result high technology methods are required to be in place. Developing new areas where the poor and/or inaccurate drilled wells information (most of them are vertical) affect planning and placement of new wells due to the uncertainty in existing wells trajectories, causing collision issues among the new planning and the "trajectory" of the existing wells, leaving huge quantities of reservoir volume not possible to drain. For this study case, where the reservoir has some complexity due to faults and water, such limitation is critical. The analysis and fusion of new techniques and procedure to manage the risk for the collision were implemented. Directional tools with high level of accuracy measurements were deployed and stringent procedures are put in place. The Analysis, Logic, Considerations, Mitigations, Risk Assessments and a New Procedure implemented to avoid collision issues while drilling horizontal wells with Separation Factor (SF) less than 2 (standard worldwide is equal or above 2 and for this case, it was 0.6). This was developed by the Biogenic / Unconventional team, Drilling Department of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) Onshore with the support of drilling service company and the approval of the ADNOC Head Quarter, to take advantage of around 0.9 km2 of hydrocarbon area for future drain. The well was drilled successfully and safely, no collision or magnetic interference issue in any trajectory survey were reported during drilling and passing close by the existing well.

scholarly journals Odonata Recorded in the Buffer Zone of Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary with Remarks on the Distribution of Endangered Risiocnemis antoniae in Davao Oriental Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Milton Norman Dejadena MEDINA ◽  
Analyn A. CABRAS ◽  
Reagan Joseph T. VILLANUEVA ◽  
Ruel COLONG
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Local Conservation ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Lower Elevation ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Fluvial Ecosystem ◽  
High Level

Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary is both a UNESCO and ASEAN recognised heritage site. There is a current move to expand the site by expanding the buffer zone. This area unfortunately is poorly studied in terms of its biodiversity. This paper explores the odonata species found in the proposed buffer zone. Transect line along fluvial ecosystem was established in the two bordering municipalities. A total of 32 species from 22 genera and nine families were recorded in which eighteen species (18) belong to the suborder Zygoptera while 14 species are Anisoptera. High level of endemism was recorded for Zygoptera (94.44%) endemism while low endemism for Anisoptera (21.43%). Distribution of Risiocnemis antoniea (Gassmann and Hämäläinen, 2002), an IUCN endangered damselfly was recorded in the creeks of Barangay Tandang Sora, Governor Generoso at relatively lower elevation between 100-300 meters above sea level. Due to its habitat’s close proximity to human habitation and the encroaching anthropogenic disturbances, it should be declared as Local Conservation Area.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENENTUAN DISKON PADA SWALAYAN BERBASIS JUMLAH PENJUALAN DAN STOK BARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE FUZZY CONTROL

MATICS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Eltha Sonalitha
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Control ◽  
Sales Management ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Main Target ◽  
Complex Calculation ◽  
Determination System ◽  
Self Service ◽  
High Level

<p><em>Abstract-</em>Competition supermarkets scattered everywhere with close proximity constraints have stock of goods in the supermarket is not immediately sold out even to reach the thresholds are exceeded. Sales management must be done to regulate the stock of goods in order to stock a lot of goods can be sold in advance. It is necessary to accelerate the inventory round. Monitoring and observation turnover should be done to determine the most salable goods and sought after by prospective customers with a high level of sales.In order to support the circulation of goods is required appropriate marketing strategies in the form of one of them by giving discounts on goods that are at risk of piling. The main target of this discounting is the amount of inventory that much and goods sales level slightly. The amount of stock that much should be given discounts in the hope that more rapid goods sold, thereby reducing the stock of goods that much. While the level of sales that little item must also be given a discount that much anyway so that goods are not up to the expiry date.This discount can not be separated determination of subjectivity manager self-service based on his experience as a sales management. Merging these two elements in determining the needs of this discount will rise to a complex calculation, to the researchers using fuzzy control methods to overcome them.</p> <p>The main objective of this research is to develop a system that can suppress the determination of prices of the losses suffered as a result of delays in circulation of goods. Research will implement determination system based discount rate of sales and inventory with fuzzy control in supermarkets.</p> <em>Keywords</em>: Supermaket, Discounts, Fuzzy, Control

scholarly journals Report on First Detection of Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) on Lupins in Poland

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Frencel
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Lupin Seed ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
High Level ◽  
Small Clusters

A previously unreported lupin disease—anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk; anamorph Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc. in Penz.)—was first encountered in Poland in July 1995 on white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), grown in experimental fields of the Plant Breeding Station at Wiatrowo. Initially the disease was observed on a few plants or small clusters of plants distributed randomly within the field. Distinct symptoms of anthracnose, including bending of the plant terminal and pinkish-brown lesions on stems, were first observed at the early flowering stage. Diseased stems collapsed, displaying characteristic necrotic, crook-shaped distortions. Field surveys in 1996 indicated the rapid spread of the pathogen within white lupin inbred lines, apparently from natural infection in 1995. Later in the season, symptoms of anthracnose also appeared on yellow (L. luteus L.) and narrow-leafed (L. angustifolius L.) lupins in close proximity to white lupin plots. A fungal pathogen was consistently isolated by plating surface-disinfected symptomatic stem segments on water agar. After 7 to 10 days, heavy sporulation was observed from which a single-spore subculture was made on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Conidia were one-celled, hyaline, and oblong with obtuse or rounded ends, and were 16 to 20 μm in length, consistent with the conidial descriptions of C. gloeosporioides (1). Acervuli were mostly single and setae inconspicuous. Six fungal isolates were selected to complete Koch's postulates. Conidia from PDA cultures were suspended in sterile water agar and injected into surface wounds on the main stem of white lupin plants. Moist cotton was fastened to the inoculation area for 24 h, then plants were placed in a glasshouse. Within 5 to7 days, typical lesions resembling natural symptoms developed. Symptoms did not appear on control plants. The teleomorph stage of the pathogen was not observed in the field or on inoculated plants. The potential risk of lupin seed infection by C. gloeosporioides is indicated from our preliminary bioassays. Blotter tests were done by plating surface-disinfected seeds of three white lupin seed lot (super-elite) samples, collected from experimental fields in two consecutive years. The seed-borne infection by C. gloeosporioides in samples from 1996 ranged from 9 to 12%, in comparison with no detection of seed-borne infection in 1995 samples examined. In many phytosanitary inspections of seed production fields in 1997, a high level of anthracnose, including total epiphytotics and widespread disease in lupin crops countrywide, was observed. This is the first documented report of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on lupins in Poland. Reference: (1) J. A. von Arx. 1987. Plant Pathogenic Fungi. Beihefte zur Nova Hedvigia. Vol. 87. J. Cramer, ed. Berlin. pp. 218, 220.

scholarly journals Giant hepatic hydatid cyst: one: in difficult hepatic segments VIII and the other: in segment VI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
M. S. Ray ◽  
B. S. Deepak
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Excellent Result ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Hepatic Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
High Level ◽  
Subtotal Cystectomy ◽  
Hepatic Hydatid

Study present 02 cases of large hepatic hydatid cysts which were very challenging in their management due to their site, the approach taken during surgery and the close proximity to very vital structures. Hydatid cyst as a disease has remained a considerable potential of upsurge and re-emergence in humans. These patients presented with right upper abdominal pain for a prolonged duration. They were diagnosed as hepatic hydatid cysts after investigations. They underwent subtotal cystectomy with omentoplasty with excellent result without any recurrence and a high level of patient satisfaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document