Feeding habits of Paralabrax nebulifer (Serranidae) during reproductive and non-reproductive seasons in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico

The barred sand bass Paralabrax nebulifer is a commercially important fish off the west coast of Baja California Sur. To assess the diet of this species and variations as a function of sex and reproductive condition, 60 specimens were captured using traps during seven seasonal sampling trips from August 2016 to August 2018 in an adjacent area to Magdalena Bay, Baja California Sur, Mexico. The stomach contents of 50 specimens were obtained (23 males and 27 females). Sex was diagnosed by direct observation of the gonads. Based on the gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, and histological analyses, the reproductive season of the barred sand bass was corroborated for August 2016, April, August, and September 2017, and August 2018, and the non-reproductive season was corroborated for November 2016 and March 2018. The Index of Relative Importance (IRI) was used to classify the main diet components, which comprised three fish species, seven crustacean species, and one mollusk species. According to the IRI, the South American pilchard Sardinops sagax and the red pelagic crab Pleuroncodes planipes were the prey that contributed the most (55%) to the barred sand bass diet. The ANOSIM showed that there were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed by sex; the SIMPER analysis revealed that the species contributing the most to differences between the sexes were S. sagax (16.58%), Euphylax dovii (15.95%), Stenocionops ovata (12%), and P. planipes (11.82%) for females. There were significant differences in the amount and type of prey consumed between types of reproductive season; the species contributing the most to differences between seasons were Anchoa spp. (27.76%), and P. planipes for non-reproductive season (22.67%), and S. sagax (11.08%) for reproductive season. The feeding strategy of the barred sand bass was that of a specialist carnivorous predator that fed mainly on the fish Sardinops sagax during the reproductive season, which supply the dietary nutritional requirements of the lipids HUFA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6; eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3; docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3), nutrients required to achieve reproductive success.

Integrated Runoff-Storm Surge Flood Hazard Mapping Associated with Tropical Cyclones in the Suburbs of La Paz, Baja California Sur, México

Floods are amongst the most frequent and destructive type of disaster, causing significant damage to communities. Globally, there is an increasing trend in the damage caused by floods generated by several factors. Flooding is characterized by the overflow of water onto dry land. Tropical cyclones generate floods due to excess water in rivers and streams and storm surges; however, the hazard of both phenomena is presented separately. In this research we present a methodology for the estimation of flood hazards related to tropical cyclones, integrating runoff and storm surge floods. As a case study, we selected the south-western suburbs of the city of La Paz, the capital of the state of Baja California Sur in northwest Mexico. The city has experienced in recent years an expansion of the urban area. In addition, there is an infrastructure of great importance such as the transpeninsular highway that connects the capital with the north of the state, as well as the international airport. Our results indicate that urban areas, agricultural lands, as well as the air force base, airport, and portions of the transpeninsular highway are in hazardous flood areas, making necessary to reduce the exposure and vulnerability to these tropical cyclone-related events. A resulting map was effective in defining those areas that would be exposed to flooding in the face of the impact of tropical cyclones and considering climate change scenarios, which represents an invaluable source of information for society and decision-makers for comprehensive risk management and disaster prevention.

Estrategias y obstáculos a la innovación empresarial: el caso de las MiPyMES del noroeste de México

Los esfuerzos que realizan las MiPyMES del noroeste del país al diseñar e intentar aplicar estrategias de innovación, pueden presentar ciertos obstáculos que se deben sortear. En este sentido, el objetivo de investigación es explicar las formas en las que se relacionan el factor estratégico y los obstáculos a la innovación en las MiPyMES de los estados de Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora y Sinaloa. A partir de un primer Análisis Factorial Exploratorio se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados a una muestra de 81 empresas encuestadas por disponibilidad. Se presenta un escenario de implementación de estrategias y dos tipos de obstáculos para lograr innovaciones: el primero de estos obstáculos a la innovación, refleja los problemas que enfrentan las empresas al interior. En la segunda clasificación, muestra obstáculos que no son controlables por las empresas, dicho de otra manera, inconvenientes extrínsecos. En el segundo Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, es posible observar la relación entre los obstáculos a la innovación. Sin embargo, no es posible determinar que estos obstáculos intrínsecos o extrínsecos influyan en el diseño e implementación de estrategias de innovación en las empresas estudiadas.

Herramientas digitales en tiempos de covid-19: percepción de docentes de educación superior en México

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo medir la percepción del uso de herramientas digitales para gestionar cursos y videoconferencias utilizadas por docentes de tres instituciones de educación superior en México a raíz de la pandemia de la enfermedad por coronavirus de 2019 (covid-19). Mediante un estudio de corte cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se determinó la utilidad y facilidad de uso percibida de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) utilizadas por las universidades mexicanas para transitar de la modalidad presencial a la modalidad online. Para ello, se aplicó un instrumento basado en el modelo de aceptación tecnológica a una muestra total de 192 docentes de tres universidades: Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur y Universidad de Sonora. Como resultados principales, se observó que el sistema de gestión de aprendizaje con valoración de aceptación alta en las tres instituciones analizadas fue Moodle; mientras que la herramienta para videoconferencias Zoom fue la que obtuvo mayor frecuencia con valoración alta.

Productive and technological characteristics of goat farmers in Comondú, Baja California Sur

To identify productive characteristics through the technological indicators adopted by goats farmers at theComondú municipality, state of Baja California Sur, Mexico. A survey consisting of semi-structured questionswas designed to obtain multi-criteria information on the variables of technological, economic, social, andmultilevel indicators. The production units (PUs) were classified by the cluster analysis of means statisticalmethod in the SAS software, allowing to identify four groups of producers of 10.33, 69, 10.33, and 10.33 % ofthem. The social indicator demonstrated differences between UPs regard their education level, non-inclusionof women in the activity, total annual income, and whether or not they are members of an association. Thetechnological indicator revealed differences in their distance from the UPs to the community, road conditions,area of the UP, available area for planting, water sources, herd size, availability to facilities, machinery, andequipment. The economic indicator showed differences between UPs in their agricultural complementaryactivities, economic dependence, milk production, cheese production, animal wastes, goat production, andtheir respective sales values. The conclusion is that this information is useful for particularly attending to theneeds and will allow defining the precise kind of intervention in the management practices or the requiredmanagement.

El género Fouquieria: una revisión de aspectos etnobotánicos, fitoquímica y actividad biológica

Las plantas del género Fouquieria se distribuyen en las zonas áridas de México y Estados Unidos de América. Siendo los estados de Durango, Zacatecas, Coahuila, San Luis Potosí, Sonora, Baja California, Baja California Sur y Chihuahua donde éstas se distribuyen especialmente en México; y en Arizona, Nuevo México, Nevada, Colorado, y Utah en Estados Unidos de América. Tienen usos diversos ya sea como plantas de ornato, plantas medicinales o alimento. Las infrutescencias de este género son en forma de panícula, color rojo anaranjado de forma alargada y acampanada. Según la comunidad rural, los tallos, raíces y flores de estas especies se utilizaban en la medicina tradicional para tratar enfermedades cardiovasculares y trastornos del sistema urinario, entre otras. Hoy en día, las investigaciones demuestran que los extractos tienen entre algunas otras actividades, la antimicrobiana, antihelmíntica, e insecticida, cuyos efectos son atribuidos a metabolitos secundarios (fenoles, saponinas terpenoides, alcanos, etc.). En esta revisión se dan a conocer los usos etnobotánicos, características fitoquímicas, actividad biológica y estudios tecnológicos reportados del género Fouquieria. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i3.840

Medición de la actividad económica en las principales zonas turísticas de playa en México a través imágenes satelitales

Se utiliza la metodología desarrollada por Henderson, Storeygard y Weil (2012), quienes analizan fotografías satelitales para medir el desempeño económico de las principales 15 zonas turísticas de playa en México, para el periodo de 1993 a 2017, tomando en consideración que son subregiones y muchas pueden abarcar más de una entidad federativa. El análisis se basa en la existencia de una correlación directa y positiva entre la actividad económica y la luminosidad observada desde el espacio. Los resultados indican que las áreas de mayor crecimiento se ubican en la región centro-norte del país, específicamente en Baja California Sur. En el periodo de análisis, existió una gran heterogeneidad en el grado de crecimiento económico entre los distintos destinos de playa en México, en donde se destacan dos factores, los destinos de playa orientados al turismo receptivo y los niveles de inseguridad en dichas zonas. Abstract We use the methodology developed by Henderson, Storeygard, and Weil (2012), which analyze satellite photographs to measure the economic performance of the main 15 beach tourist areas in Mexico for the 1993-2017 period, considering that these are sub-regions and many of them spread over more than one state's boundaries. The analysis is based on the fact that there is a direct and positive correlation between economic activity and luminosity observed from space. The results indicate that the areas of higher growth rates are in the central-northern region, specifically in Baja California Sur. The analysis period exhibits significant heterogeneity in the degree of economic growth among the different beach destinations in Mexico, where two factors stand out: beach destinations oriented to receptive tourism and levels of insecurity in these areas.