Nematode communities of anthropogenous birch stands in central Finland

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Räty ◽  
Veikko Huhta
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Spruce Stands

Abstract This study compared the nematode communities in anthropogenous birch (Betula pendula) stands of different origin with each other and with natural forests and arable soils at the same latitude in Finland and Scandinavia. Nine forest sites were investigated in central Finland: three birch stands planted ca 30 years prior to the study after the clear-cutting of spruce stands (BS), three birch stands planted ca 30 years earlier on arable soil (BF) and three natural deciduous forests (D). There were clear differences between the birch stands established after spruce forest and after arable cropping, and between these and deciduous forests, but even more between replicates of similarly managed forests. Total numbers, species diversity, and populations of most taxa and feeding groups were the lowest in BF sites. The relative proportion of bacterial feeders and omnivores was higher and that of plant feeders lower in BS than in D sites. The BS sites were relatively similar in community structure to natural deciduous forests, and BF were dissimilar to both, although one deciduous site was similar to one BF site. Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination placed the three BS sites in one cluster, while the BF sites were clearly separated from these and from each other. Several environmental variables related to soil moisture and acidity contributed to explain the variation in community structure. A hypothesis is suggested that the presence of burrowing earthworms plays a role in regulating populations of nematodes.

Communities of soil mites (Acarina) in planted birch stands compared with natural forests in central Finland

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veikko Huhta ◽  
Ritva Niemi
Keyword(s):  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Soil Fauna ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Soil Mite ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Mite Communities

The aim of the study was to compare the soil mite communities in anthropogenous birch stands of different origin with each other and with natural forests at the same latitude. Nine sites were investigated: three birch stands (Betula pendula Roth) planted ca. 30 years prior to the study after clear-cutting of spruce stands ("birch after spruce"), three birch stands planted ca. 30 years earlier on arable soil that had been under cultivation until reforestation ("birch after field"), and three natural deciduous forests. These were sampled twice, and microarthropods were extracted, counted, and identified. There were clear differences between birch stands established after spruce forest and after cultivation and between these and natural deciduous forests. The communities of birch after spruce were rather similar to those of natural spruce forests, but the population densities were lower. The populations in birch after field were generally very low. There were also conspicuous differences among replicates of the same kind of forests. All the dominant species in the study sites are common members of the forest soil fauna. The communities of birch after field could be characterized as impoverished forest communities. Soil pH and the removal of the litter layer by earthworms were regarded as the most important factors explaining the observed differences.

scholarly journals Edge disturbance shapes liana diversity and abundance but not liana-tree interaction network patterns in moist semi-deciduous forests, Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bismark Ofosu-Bamfo ◽  
Patrick Addo-Fordjour ◽  
Ebenezer Belford
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Deep Interior ◽  
Network Patterns

We evaluated the response of liana community structure and the patterns of liana-tree interaction structure to forest edge in two moist semi-deciduous forests in Ghana (Asenanyo and Suhuma Forest Reserves: AFR and SFR, respectively). Liana community structure and liana-tree interactions were assessed in 24 50 × 50 m randomly located plots in three forest sites in each forest: edge, interior and deep-interior established at 0-50 m, 200 m and 400 m from edge. Edge effects positively and negatively influenced liana diversity in forest edges of AFR and SFR, respectively. There was a positive influence of edge disturbance on liana abundance in both forests. More liana species experienced positive magnitude of edge influence (MEI) on their abundance. We observed anti-nested structure in all the liana-tree networks in AFR, while no nestedness was observed in the three networks in SFR. The networks in both forests were less connected, and more modular and specialised than their null models. Many liana and tree species were specialised, with the specialisation tending to be symmetrical. Topologically, most of the species were peripherals, with only a few connectors, module hubs, and network hubs. Some of the species showed consistency in their topological roles from one site to another, while the roles of other species changed. Generally, liana species co-occurred randomly on tree species in all the forest sites except edge site in the Asenanyo Forest Reserve. The findings of the study deepen our understanding of liana-tree interactions, provide implications for conservation, and may contribute to development of a robust edge theory.

Response of plant functional groups within plantations and naturally regenerated forests in southern New Brunswick, Canada

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B V Ramovs ◽  
M R Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Young Forests

We examined the composition of understory vascular plant species in managed forests to determine how life-history attributes influence plant response to disturbance. Forest types investigated were plantations on old fields (31–77 years old, n = 6), plantations on cutover land (19–64 years old, n = 8), young forests naturally regenerated after clear-cutting (27–66 years old, n = 6), and mature natural forests with no recent harvesting activity (80–100 years old, n = 6). Species were categorized by habitat preference (forest, intermediate, disturbed), growth form (12 categories), and life form (15 categories). Forest-habitat species dominated both natural stand types, whereas disturbed-habitat species dominated both plantation types. Mature natural stands contained higher frequency and cover of many herb growth forms, and cutover plantations contained higher values for shrubs. Old-field plantations contained low values for all growth forms. Two life forms, geophytes and rosette hemicryptophytes, were not well represented in either plantation type. All plant functional groups were present in each stand type, suggesting that differences among stand types occur as shifts in the relative abundances of functional groups. We hypothesize that some species may be at risk of local extirpation in plantations because of their limited growth rates and reproductive characteristics.

scholarly journals Increase of natural regeneration area of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) in the Kaszuby Lake District during the decade 2002–2012

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szydlarski ◽  
Jerzy Modrzyński
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Regional Headquarters ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Natural Range

Abstract The Kaszuby Lake District is located beyond the natural range of Norway spruce, however its share in local forest stands is considerable (14.8%) and its vitality and growth are here not less than within the natural range. The study presents the results of stock-taking of natural regeneration of Norway spruce in this region in year 2002 and 2012 and the relevant silvicultural recommendations. The stock of spruce natural regeneration was taken using the electronic database of the Regional Headquarters of State Forests in Gdańsk. The regeneration was put into following categories: seedlings (height below 0.5 m), lower advanced growth (height above 0.5 m and DBH below 7 cm), higher advanced growth (height above 3 m and DBH above 7 cm) and undergrowth (with dominating self sown spruce). In total 20 834 ha of Norway spruce natural regenerations were listed in year 2002 and 26 016 ha in year 2012 (increase by 24.9%). Most of them occur in fresh sites suited for mixed deciduous forests (LMśw) - in years 2002 and 2012 respectively 52.5% and 50.1%, and fresh sites suited for mixed coniferous forests (BMśw) - in years 2002 and 2012 respectively 30.4% and 32%. The increase of natural regeneration of Norway spruce in this period was connected with the 23.6% decrease in volume of spruce stands in age of above 40 years. Majority of spontaneously arriving spruce regenerations turn to the undergrowth, because of unfavorable light conditions under canopy and much to high density of seedlings and advanced growth. Good quality advanced growth on suited forest sites should be uncovered by thinning cuttings and consequently included into the future multispecies stands, with Norway spruce share up to 30%.

scholarly journals Community Structure of Dragonfly (Ordo: Odonata) in Natural Forest and Tourist Sites Petungkriyono Forest, Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67328
Author(s):  
Nur Apriatun Nafisah ◽  
R.C.Hidayat Soesilohadi
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Total Species

Petungkriyono forest is a tropical rainforest with high biodiversity. The increasing tourism activities in Petungkriyono lead to land conversion. Dragonfly (order Odonata) is a good bioindicator for aquatic and terrestrial. This study aimed to compare the community structure of Odonata in natural forests and tourist sites. The method of collecting imago Odonata was done by direct searching, samples were captured using sweep netting. The results showed that the dragonflies found in all locations consisted of the same family, 2 families (Gomphidae and Libellulidae) from the suborder Anisoptera and 6 families (Calopterygidae, Chlorocyphidae, Coenagrionidae, Euphaidae Platycnemididae, and Platystictidae) from the suborder Zygoptera. The total species of dragonflies found in Sokokembang were 15 species with a total of 293 individuals, Tirta Muncar 13 species of 287 individuals, Karanggondang 17 species of 276 individuals, and Curug Lawe 14 species of 242 individuals. The highest relative abundance of individuals was in the natural forest of Sokokembang is Drepanosticta spatulifera (26.28%) and in Karanggondang Vestalis luctuosa (24.64%), while in the tourist forests of Tirta Muncar and Curug Lawe were Euphaea variegata (34.84% and 28.51 %). The structure of the Odonata community is based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index in the natural forests of Sokokembang (2.18) and Karanggondang (2.21) at the tourist sites of Tirta Muncar (1.84) and Curug Lawe (2.11). The results showed that the structure of the Odonata community based on the level of the diversity index value, evenness index, and dominance index in natural forests and tourist sites in Petungkriyono forest was not significantly different. 

Community structure and biodiversity in plantations and natural forests of seabuckthorn in southern Ningxia, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suo Li ◽  
You-qing Luo ◽  
Jian Wu ◽  
Shi-xiang Zong ◽  
Guo-long Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Southern Ningxia

scholarly journals Estimating the Sustainability of Managed Natural Forests in Costa Rica—A Hybrid Delphi & Choice Experiment Approach

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Salas-Garita ◽  
Mario Soliño
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Post Evaluation ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sustainability Principles

Management of natural forests in Costa Rica allows timber extraction in so far as it is guaranteed that the logging activities comply with diverse Sustainability Principles, Criteria and Indicators (PCIs). These are hierarchical and complex systems used, ex-ante in the formulation and approval of the Management Plan but have not been used for ex-post evaluation of managed forests. Development of sustainability evaluation systems that include few criteria is highly recommended. In that sense, the choice experiments contribute to simplification of the initial system of decision making, complementing a complex system of PCIs that permits detailed analysis of the management units. In this study, a choice experiment was included in a Delphi application and 5 key variables were identified to evaluate the sustainability of managed natural forests. These variables are, in order of importance—technical, legal and administrative conditions; external financing conditions; production performance; costs of preparing the Management Plan; and payment mechanisms for environmental services. The definition of these variables confirms not only that the technical, legal and administrative conditions are critical for sustainability but also that they could reflect the type of governance involved in sustainability forest management.

Drivers of arboreal lichen community structure and diversity on Abies balsamea and Betula alleghaniensis in the Avalon Forest Ecoregion, Newfoundland

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Rachel D. Wigle ◽  
Yolanda F. Wiersma ◽  
André Arsenault ◽  
R. Troy McMullin
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Lichen Diversity

There is debate about what drives and maintains the structure of arboreal lichen communities and the relative importance of substrate vs. local environment. Here, we examined which lichen species are unique to two tree species [Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. and Betula alleghaniensis Britton] in the boreal forests of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, and which environmental variables are most important for lichen colonization and community structure. We collected data on lichen diversity from tree boles along with environmental data (tree size, bark pH, canopy cover) for each tree and each site. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between community structure and environmental data. The results show that a diverse range of tree characteristics are needed to support a diverse range of lichen species. Certain stands, such as old B. alleghaniensis stands, are more suitable to host a unique community of lichens than others. These results can inform land managers on the Avalon, recommending strategies for protected areas and providing forest harvest guidelines that limit clear-cutting of A. balsamea to maintain a diverse community structure and limit harvest of B. alleghaniensis trees in sites less optimal for lichen growth. These baseline data can also be used to monitor changes caused by moose browse and selective harvesting, two locally important threats to lichen diversity.

scholarly journals A NEW APPROACH TO THE NORTHERN SPRUCE REGENERATION PROBLEM

1954 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Picea Mariana ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Normal Concentration ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Intensive Work

Lack of reproduction of black spruce, Picea mariana, in pure black spruce stands in old cut-over areas, has always been a great subject of discussion and one for intensive work among foresters. Many reasons such as the absence of an adequate seed supply stored on top of humus, or adverse germination conditions are said to be partly responsible.This study on the humus of this unregenerated cut-over area, indicates clear cutting of this stand will influence the normal concentration of definite micro-nutrients such as manganese and magnesium.The augmentation of manganese in the soil has a detrimental effect on the growth of plants when, its concentration is too high. The diminution of magnesium, which is an element necessary to stimulate the growth, must create abnormal nutritive conditions of the habitat. This visible lack of equilibrium might be the cause of the absence of seedlings of Picea mariana on certain parts of this cut-over area.

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